Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶9 in the text

9 · 82 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَلَوْ أَتَىٰ جِبْرِيلُ بِصُورَتِهِ النُّورِيَّةِ الخَارِجَةِ عَنِ العَنَاصِرِ وَالأَرْكَانِ إِذْ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ طَبِيعَتِهِ لَكَانَ عِيسَىٰ لَا يُحْيِي المَوْتَىٰ إِلَّا حَتَّىٰ يَظْهَرَ فِي تِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ النُّورِيَّةِ لَا العُنْصُرِيَّةِ مَعَ الصُّورَةِ البَشَرِيَّةِ مِنْ جِهَةِ أُمِّهِ فَكَانَ يُقَالُ فِيهِ عِنْدَ إِحْيَائِهِ المَوْتَىٰ هُوَ لَا هُوَ وَتَقَعُ الحَيْرَةُ فِي النَّظَرِ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا وَقَعَتْ فِي العَاقِلِ عِنْدَ النَّظَرِ الفِكْرِيِّ إِذْ رَأَىٰ شَخْصًا بَشَرِيًّا مِنَ البَشَرِ يُحْيِي المَوْتَىٰ وَهُوَ مِنَ الخَصَائِصِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ إِحْيَاءُ النُّطْقِ لَا إِحْيَاءُ الحَيَوَانِ بَقِيَ النَّاظِرُ حَائِرًا إِذْ يَرَىٰ الصُّورَةِ بَشَرًا بِالأَثَرِ الإِلَهِيِّ

And had Gabriel come in his luminous form, which is outside the elements and the pillars (since he does not go outside his own nature), Jesus would not have given life to the dead until he had become manifest in that natural luminous form, not the elemental one, together with the human form [he has] from his mother's side. So it would have been said of him, when he gave life to the dead, 'He, and not he,' and bewilderment would arise in looking at him, just as it arose in the rational person through reflective consideration when he saw a human individual, one of mankind, giving life to the dead, which is one of the divine prerogatives (the giving of life to speech, not merely to animal life). The onlooker remained bewildered, since he sees the form [to be] human, [yet acting] with the divine effect.

Jāmī

﴿ولو أتي جبريل بصورته النورية الخارجة عن طباع العناصر والأركان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي المرتقية عنها لا عن الطبيعة مطلق ( إذ ) هو طبيعي نوري

i.e., that has risen above them, not above nature absolutely (since) he is natural-luminous

Words 9–11 · 1 of 5

وَالأَرْكَانِ إِذْ لَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿والأركان إذ … لا يخرج عن﴾

صورة ( طبيعية ) النورية ( لكان عيسى عليه السلام لا يحيي الموتى إلا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة الطبيعية النورية لا العنصرية مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمّه فكان يقال فيه ) أي في حق عيسى عليه السلام حين تلبسه بالصورتين

his luminous (natural) form, (Jesus, peace be upon him, would not have given life to the dead except when he manifested in that natural luminous form, not the elemental one, together with the human form from the side of his mother. So it would be said of him) i.e., regarding Jesus, peace be upon him, at his being clothed with the two forms

Words 11–15 · 1 of 5

لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ طَبِيعَتِهِ لَكَانَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لا يخرج عن طبيعته النورية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإن خرج من العناصر والأركان . وذلك لأن جبريل سلطان العناصر وله أن يظهر في السماوات السبع وما تحتها من العناصر والعنصريات لأهليها بأي صورة شاء من صورها بحسب الموطن والمقام والمناسبة واستعداد من ظهر له . وأن يخرج عن صورها بالترقي عنها والرجوع إلى صورته الأصلية الطبيعية النورية ، فإن صورته الأصلية غير عنصرية بل طبيعية نورية ما بين الفلك الثامن والسابع وليس له أن يخرج عن هذه الطبيعة التي هي له بالأصالة بالترقي إلى ما فوقها وهذا معنى ما روى أنه لا يتعدى سدرة المنتهى . فإن السدرة هي منتهى السابع صعودا والثامن هبوط

even if he departed from the elements and pillars. That is because Gabriel is the sovereign of the elements and may manifest in the seven heavens and whatever is beneath them of the elements and elemental things, to their inhabitants, in whatever form he wishes from among their forms, according to the locus, station, and correspondence, and the preparedness of the one to whom he manifests. And he may depart from their forms by rising above them and returning to his original, natural, luminous form, for his original form is not elemental but rather natural-luminous, between the eighth and seventh spheres, and it is not for him to depart from this nature which is his by origin, by rising to what is above it. This is the meaning of what is related, that he does not pass beyond the Lote-Tree of the Furthest Limit (sidrat al-muntahā); for the Lote-Tree is the furthest limit of the seventh ascending, and the eighth is a descent.

Ibn Turka

﴿لكان عيسى لا يحيي الموتى إلَّا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة الطبيعية النوريّة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي عليها الفاعل للإحياء - بناء على الأصل السابق . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

which the agent of life-giving possesses - based on the preceding principle. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿لكان عيسى لا يحيي الموتى إلا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة الطبيعية النورية لا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الصورة ( العنصرية ) ظهورا جامعا

the (elemental) form—a comprehensive manifestation

Ibn Turka

﴿لا العنصريّة مع الصورة البشريّة من جهة امّه﴾

أي لا يمكن له الإحياء في الصورة العنصريّة التي مع الصورة البشريّة من جهة امّه ، التي هي طرف القابل ، فإنّه في القبول يتبعه . ومن ثمّة ترى عيسى عند قبوله الأحكام المنزلة بالأوضاع المشروعة إنّما يقبل منها ما يتعلَّق بالانقياد والإذعان كما سبق بيانه آنفا . وأمّا في الفعل – مثل الإحياء وإظهار المعجزة - فلا يمكن له ذلك إلا بأن يتأسّى الفاعل . وفي بعض النسخ : « من الصورة البشريّة » وهو أظهر . وملخّص الكلام أنّه لو لم يكن الإحياء منه في صورته العنصريّة التي مع الصورة البشريّة المستحصلة من امّه لوقعت الحيرة حينئذ

i.e., it is not possible for him to give life in the elemental form that accompanies the human form from the side of his mother, which is the side of the recipient, for in receptivity he follows it. Hence you see that Jesus, in receiving the revealed ordinances through the prescribed legal forms, only receives from them what pertains to submission and compliance, as was explained just before. But as regards action - such as giving life and manifesting the miracle - that is not possible for him except by the agent's being emulated. In some copies it reads: "from the human form," which is clearer. The summary of the discourse is that had the life-giving not come from him in his elemental form which accompanies the human form derived from his mother, confusion would then have occurred,

Jāmī

﴿مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمه﴾

فتكون طبيعته نورية غير عنصرية في صورة بشرية قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

so that his nature would be luminous, non-elemental, in a human form. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فكان يقال فيه عند إحيائه الموتى : هو﴾

من حيث إحيائه الموتى

from the standpoint of his giving life to the dead

Jāmī

﴿إحيائه الموتى هو لا هو، و تقع الحيرة في النظر إليه كما وقعت في العاقل عند النظر الفكري إذا رأى شخصا بشريا من البشر يحيي الموتى، و هو من الخصائص الإلهية، إحياء النطق لا إحياء الحيوان، بقي الناظر حائرا، إذ يرى الصورة بشرا بالأثر الإلهي. … فكان يقال فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي في عيسى ( عند إحياء الموتى ) أنه ( هو ) ، أي جبريل بطبيعته النورية الغير العنصرية

i.e., of Jesus (upon the giving of life to the dead), that he (is He)—i.e., Gabriel by his luminous, non-elemental nature

Bālī Zāde

﴿عند إحيائه الموتى هو﴾

من حيث تلبسه بالصورة البشرية

from the respect of his being clothed with the human form

Words 43–44 · 3 of 5

لَا هُوَ

Ibn Turka

﴿لا هو﴾

من حيث أنّه عيسى . لتبائن الصورتين حينئذ في مداركهم

from the standpoint of his being Jesus - due to the divergence of the two forms in that case, in the perception of onlookers

Jāmī

﴿لا هو﴾

بصورته البشرية

by his human form

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا هو﴾

من حيث تلبسه بالصورة النورية

from the respect of his being clothed with the luminous form

Ibn Turka

﴿وتقع الحيرة في النظر … إليه ، كما وقعت في العاقل عند النظر الفكري ، إذ رأى شخصا بشريّا من البشر يحيي الموتى ، وهو من الخصائص الإلهيّة﴾

التي لا يمكن ذلك بنوع من الصناعات العمليّة والأعمال الطلسميّة . فإنّ غاية ما تكلَّموا عليها تهيّؤ مادّة قابلة وتركيب أركان معيّنة ، بمقادير متّزنة بالميزان الذي عندهم ، حتى يفاض عليها نفس من العبد لا إحياء البدن الميّت فإن ذلك مما لا كلام لهم ولغيرهم عليه أصلا ، سيّما إذا كان

which cannot be attained by any kind of practical craft or talismanic works. For the utmost that they have discoursed upon is the preparation of a receptive matter and the composition of specified elements, in balanced measures by the scale they possess, so that a breath from the servant might be poured upon it - not the giving of life to a dead body, for that is something upon which neither they nor others have any discourse at all, especially if it is

Jāmī

﴿وتقع الحيرة في النظر إليه﴾

هل هو جبريل أوليس بجبريل

whether he is Gabriel or not Gabriel

Bālī Zāde

﴿وتقع الحيرة في النظر إليه كما وقعت في العاقل عند النظر الفكري إذا رأى شخصا سويا من البشر يحيي الموتى وهو﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إحياء الموتى

i.e., the giving of life to the dead

al-Qāshānī

﴿كما وقعت في العاقل عند النظر الفكري إذا رأى شخصا بشريا يحيى الموتى ، وهو من الخصائص الإلهية إحياء النطق لا إحياء الحيوان ، بقي الناظر حائرا إذ يرى الصورة بشرا للأثر الإلهي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لكانت الحيرة واقعة في أنه عيسى أوليس عيسى كما وقعت ، مع كونه غير متحرك لا في صورته ولا في طينته من العقلاء بحسب النظر الفكري ، حين رأوا شخصا بشريا لا شك فيه صدر عنه خاصية إلهية هي إحياء الموتى إحياء النطق والدعاء ، يعنى إحياء بالنطق والدعاء ، فكان يقول : قم حيا بإذن الله أو باسم الله أو باللَّه ، فيحيا ويجيبه فيما كلمه به ويقول لبيك إذا دعاه ، لا إحياء الحيوان الذي يمشى ويأكل ويبقى حيا مدة على ما روى في قصته أنه أحيا بنطقه سام بن نوح فشهد بنبوته ثم رجع إلى حالته ، فبقوا حائرين فيه كيف تصدر الآثار الإلهية من البشر . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فأدى بعضهم فيه إلى القول بالحلول وأنه هو الله بما أحيا به من الموتى ، ولذلك نسبوا إلى الكفر وهو الستر ، لأنهم ستروا الله الذي أحيا الموتى بصورة بشرية عيسى ، فقال تعالى

occurred for the rational person upon reflective consideration, when he saw a human individual giving life to the dead - which is among the divine properties: the giving of life through speech (al-nuṭq), not the giving of life as to an animal - the observer remained bewildered, since he sees the form as human for a divine effect] - that is: the bewilderment would have occurred as to whether he is Jesus or is not Jesus, just as it [actually] occurred - even though he [Jesus] underwent no change, neither in his form nor in his clay - among rational people, according to reflective consideration, when they saw a human individual, concerning whom there was no doubt, from whom there proceeded a divine property, namely the giving of life to the dead by giving of life through speech and supplication (nuṭq wa duʿāʾ) - that is, giving life by speech and supplication - so he would say: "Arise, alive, by the leave of God," or "in the Name of God," or "by God," and [the dead] would come alive and answer him in what he addressed to him, saying "At your service" when he called - not the giving of life as to an animal that walks and eats and remains alive for a period - according to what is related in his story, that he gave life, by his speech, to Sam son of Noah, who then testified to his prophethood and then returned to his [former] state. So they remained bewildered concerning him, [wondering] how divine effects could proceed from a human being. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (So this led some of them to the assertion of indwelling (al-ḥulūl), namely that he is God, by virtue of what he gave life to among the dead through Him; and for that they were attributed [the charge of] unbelief (kufr), which is [linguistically] "concealment" (al-satr), because they concealed God - who gave life to the dead - within the human form of Jesus. So He, exalted, said:

al-Jandī

﴿كما وقعت في العاقل عند النظر الفكريّ ، إذا رأى شخصا بشريّا من البشر يحيي الموتى - وهو من الخصائص الإلهية - إحياء النطق لا إحياء الحيوان ، بقي الناظر حائرا ، إذ يرى الصورة بشرا بالأثر إلهيا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : كان يحيي بالنطق ، فيقول : قم حيّا بالله أو بإذن الله أو باسم الله ، فتخرج الموتى بالنطق والدعاء ، فتجيبه فيما كلَّمها به نطقا ، لا إحياء الحيوان الذي يبقى حيّا عمرا على ما نقل في قصّة أنّه أحيا بنطقه سام بن نوح عليه السّلام فشهد بنبوّته ، ثمّ ترجّع على حالته . قال رضي الله عنه

—the observer remains bewildered, since he sees the form as human while the effect is divine.] He, may God be pleased with him, means: he would give life by speech, saying: "Rise, alive by God," or "by God's permission," or "in God's name," so the dead would come forth by speech and invocation, responding to him in what he addressed to them by speech—not a giving-life of an animal [kind] that remains alive for a lifetime, as reported in the story that he gave life by his speech to Sām (Shem) son of Nūḥ, peace be upon him, so that he testified to his prophethood, then returned to his [former] state. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿كما وقعت الحيرة في العاقل عند النظر الفكري إذا رأى شخصا بشريا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي على صورة البشر

i.e., in the form of humans

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما وقعت في العاقل عند النظر الفكري إذا رأى شخصا بشريا يحيى الموتى ، وهو من الخصائص الإلهية إحياء النطق لا إحياء الحيوان ، بقي الناظر حائرا إذ يرى الصورة بشرا للأثر الإلهي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قوله ( وهو ) أي إحياء الموتى ( من الخصائص الإلهية إحياء النطق ) أي يحيى الإنسان الميت ناطقا كعيسى مجيبا لدعوته فكان الإحياء إحياء مع النطق ( لا إحياء الحيوان ) أي لا الإحياء الذي يتحرك ويقوم بدون النطق ، إذ لو كان كذلك لم يكن معجزة ، فلما أحيا سام فقام وشهد بنبوته عليه السلام ثم رجع إلى أول حاله تحيروا فيه فاختلفوا على حسب نظرهم بقي الناظر حائرا

His saying ("which is") means the giving of life to the dead (is among the divine peculiarities—giving life to speech) i.e., he gives life to the dead person as speaking, like Jesus responding to his call, so the giving of life was a giving of life together with speech (not giving life to mere animal motion) i.e., not the giving of life that merely moves and stands up without speech, for had it been so it would not have been a miracle. So when he gave life to Sam, he stood up and testified to his [Jesus's] prophethood, peace be upon him, then returned to his former state—they became bewildered concerning him and differed according to their several perspectives; the observer remained bewildered

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8154); moved here

Jāmī

﴿من نوع البشر يحيي الموتى وهو﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إحياء الموتى

i.e., the giving of life to the dead

Jāmī

﴿من الخصائص الإلهية﴾

التي لا تكون لغير اللّه بالصناعات العملية والأعمال الطلسمية ، فإن غاية ما تكلم أربابها عليه بهيئة مادة قابلة وتركيب أركان معينة بمقادير متزنة بالميزان الذي عندهم حتى يفيض عليها نفس من المبدأ أو إرادة الميت حيا صورة لا حقيقة لا إحياء ما مات بعدما كان حيا حقيقة وهو المراد بإحياء الموتى ، فإن ذلك مما لا كلام لأحد عليه أصل

which do not belong to anyone other than God, by means of practical crafts and talismanic works—for the utmost that their practitioners discourse upon is the shaping of a receptive matter and the composition of specified pillars in balanced measures by the scale they possess, so that a breath from the Principle or the will [of the operator] flows upon it, making the dead appear alive in form, not in reality—not the giving of life to what has died after having been truly alive, which is what is meant by giving life to the dead; for that is something upon which no one has any dispute at all

Bālī Zāde

﴿من الخصائص الإلهية إحياء النطق﴾

أي يحيي الإنسان الميت ناطقا لعيسى عليه السلام مجيبا لدعوته فكان الأحياء مع النطق . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., he gives life to the dead person as speaking for Jesus, peace be upon him, responding to his call, so the giving of life was together with speech. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿إحياء النطق﴾

- أي إحياء ناطق من الحيوان -

i.e., the giving of life to a speaking being from among animals -

Jāmī

﴿إحياء النطق﴾

منصوب على أنه مفعول مطلق لقوله : محيي الموتى أو مرفوع على أنه بيان وتفسير للضمير المرفوع ، والمراد بالإحياء النطق أما الإحياء الذي يوجب نطق الجسم المائت والذي يحصل بنطق المحيي ودعائه وقوله : قم بإذن اللّه ، وعلى الأول فهو إما بيان للواقع على ما روى في قصته أنه أحيا سام بن نوح فنطق وشهد بنبوته ثم رجع إلى حالته وحينئذ معنى قوله

in the accusative as the direct object (maf'ūl muṭlaq) of his saying 'the giver of life to the dead,' or in the nominative as an explanation and interpretation of the nominative pronoun; and what is meant by 'the giving-life' is speech—either the giving-life that necessitates the speech of the dead body, which comes about through the speech and invocation of the one giving life and his saying 'Rise by God's permission'; and on the first reading it is either an explanation of what occurred, as is related in his story that he gave life to Sām ibn Nūḥ, so he spoke and testified to his [Jesus's] prophethood, then returned to his [dead] state—in which case the meaning of his saying is...

Ibn Turka

﴿لا إحياء الحيوان﴾

فقط على ما هو المتبادر إلى الأذهان من إحياء الموتى ، فإنّه ليس من الخصائص الإلهيّة في شيء . إذ عند ورود التعفينات وإيرادها على الجيف الموتى لا بدّ من حصول الحيوانات منها وتولدها فيه . ويمكن أن يحمل إحياء النطق على الإحياء بالكلام والخطاب أو الدعاء منه - كما قيل إنّه ورد كذلك - لولا وقوعه في مقابلة قوله : « لا إحياء الحيوان » فاستشعار ذلك منه على سبيل الإيماء وضرب من الإيهام والإشارة ، لا منطوق اللفظ وفحوى العبارة . علميّة الاعتقاد بالإلهيّة في عيسى عليه السّلام هذا إذا ثبت ورود ذلك ، وإلا فلا حاجة إليه ، فإن إحياء الموتى مطلقا من الخصائص الإلهيّة ، ولذلك

merely, as is what first comes to mind from "giving life to the dead," for that is not in any way among the divine specific properties. For when putrefactions occur and are brought upon dead carcasses, animals must necessarily arise and be generated from them. And it is possible to interpret "the giving of life to speech" as giving life through speech and address or through supplication from him - as it is said that it has indeed been reported thus - were it not that it occurs in opposition to his saying "not the giving of life to an animal." So the sensing of this from him is by way of allusion and a kind of suggestion and indication, not by the explicit wording and the plain sense of the expression - [this being relevant to] the doctrinal belief in Jesus's divinity, peace be upon him - this if it is established that such a report occurred; otherwise there is no need for it, for the giving of life to the dead absolutely is among the divine specific properties, and that is why

﴿لا إحياء الحيوان﴾

لعله إشارة إلى ما قاله الكاشاني : " يعني إحياء بالنطق والدعاء ، فكان يقول : قم حيّا بإذن اللَّه أو : باسم اللَّه أو : باللَّه . فيحيا ويجيبه فيما كلمه به ويقول : « لبّيك » إذا دعاه . لا إحياء الحيوان الذي يمشي ويأكل ويبقى حيّا مدّة - على ما روي في قصّته أنّه أحيا سام بن نوح ، فشهد بنبوته ، ثمّ رجع إلى حالته "

- perhaps this is an allusion to what al-Kāshānī said: "meaning giving life through speech and supplication, so he would say: 'Arise, living, by God's permission' or 'in God's name' or 'by God,' and it would come to life and answer him in what he addressed to it, saying 'At your service' when he called it - not the giving of life to an animal that walks and eats and remains alive for a period - as is related in his story, that he gave life to Sām ibn Nūḥ, who then testified to his prophethood, and then returned to his [former] state."

Note by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Ibn Turka

Jāmī

﴿لا إحياء الحيوان﴾

أي الحيوان الذي يمشي ويأكل ويبقى حيا مدة ، فحاصله أن الإحياء الواقع من عيسى ذاك لا هذا ، وإما تقييد للإحياء ليصير من الخصائص الإلهية وفيه أن إحياء الجيف مطلقا سواء كانت جيف الحيوانات الناطقة أو غيرها من الخصائص الإلهية. فإذا ظهر على يد أحد فإما معجز أو كرامة أو استدراج أجراه اللّه على يده . وأما إحياء الحيوان بمعنى جعل المادة قابلة لفيضان الحياة من المبدأ فليس من الخصائص الإلهية فيمكن أن يحصل بالتعملات الصناعية كالتعقبات وغيرها . وعلى الثاني أيضا يحتمل أن يكون بيانا للواقع ، فإن إحياء سام بن نوح كان بنطقه ودعائه ، وإن يكون تقييدا فإن الإحياء بمجرد النطق والدعاء من الخصائص الإلهية لا إحياء الحيوان بتهيئة المادة لفيضان الحال عليها . والذي يخطر ببالي أن المراد بإحياء النطق إحياء لا يظهر من الحي أثرا من آثار الحياة إلا النطق وبإحياء الحيوان أن يحصل فيه مزاج معدل مسوى بحيث إن تظهر الخواص الحيوانية كلها على الطريقة المعهودة كالمشي والأكل والشرب والبقاء مدة طويلة وغير ذلك. ( بقي ) ذلك العاقل

i.e., the animal life that walks and eats and remains alive for a period—so the upshot is that the giving-life that occurred at the hand of Jesus is that [speech], not this [animal life]; or it is a restriction of 'giving-life' so that it becomes one of the divine specific properties. And in this [there is the point] that the giving-life of corpses absolutely—whether the corpses of rational speaking beings or others—is among the divine specific properties. So if it appears at the hand of someone, it is either a miracle (muʿjiza), or a saintly grace (karāma), or a seduction (istidrāj) that God causes to occur at his hand. As for giving animal life in the sense of making matter receptive to the flowing-forth of life from the Principle, this is not among the divine specific properties, and could occur through crafted operations such as alchemical procedures and the like. And on the second reading also, it is possible that it be an explanation of what occurred, for the giving of life to Sām ibn Nūḥ was by his [Jesus's] speech and invocation; or it could be a restriction, for giving-life by mere speech and invocation is among the divine specific properties, not the giving of animal life by preparing matter for the flowing of that state upon it. What occurs to my mind is that what is meant by 'the giving-life of speech' is a giving-life in which no effect of the effects of life appears from the living being except speech, while 'the giving-life of animal life' means that a balanced, proportioned temperament occurs in it such that all the animal properties appear in the customary manner, such as walking, eating, drinking, remaining [alive] for a long period, and so forth. (There remains) that rational person

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا احياء الحيوان﴾

أي لا الإحياء الذي يتحرك الميت ويقوم من قبره بدون النطق إذ لو كان كذلك لم يكن معجزة فلما أحيى سام فقام وشهد نبوته ثم رجع إلى أول حاله تحيروا فيه فاختلفوا على حسب مظهر نظرهم

i.e., not the giving of life whereby the dead moves and rises from his grave without speech, for had it been so it would not have been a miracle. So when he gave life to Sam, he stood up and testified to his prophethood, then returned to his former state—they became bewildered concerning him and differed according to the manifestation of their perspectives

Ibn Turka

﴿بقي الناظر حائرا ، إذ يرى الصورة﴾

بالصورة ( بشرا ، بالأثر إلها ) فإنّها من الخصائص الإلهيّة ، كما تقرّر عند أهل النظر أنّ وجود الخاصّة يستلزم وجود صاحبها ، فلا بدّ وأن يكون الناظر حائرا عند رؤيته ذلك

by the form (as human, by the effect as a god) for that is among the divine specific properties, as is established among the people of speculative reflection, that the existence of a specific property necessitates the existence of its possessor; so the observer must necessarily be confused upon seeing that

Jāmī

﴿الناظر حائرا﴾

في أنه بشرا وإله ( إذ رأى الصورة بشرا متلبسا بالأثر الإلهي ) الذي هو من خصائصه وهو قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

as to whether he is human or God, (since he saw the form as human clothed with the divine effect) which is among His specific properties, and this is—the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿بقي الناظر حائرا إذ يرى الصورة بشرا بالأثر الإلهي فأدّى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

نظر

the perspective

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.