Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶12 in the text

12 · 88 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

واجْهَدْ في نَفْسِكَ عندَما تَرَى الصُّورَةَ في المِرْآةِ أَنْ تَرَى جِرْمَ المِرْآةِ لا تَراهُ أَبَدًا البَتَّةَ حتى إِنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِثْلَ هذا في صُوَرِ المَرَائِيْ ذَهَبَ إِلى أَنَّ الصُّورَةَ المَرْئِيَّةَ بَيْنَ بَصَرِ الرَّائِي وبَيْنَ المِرْآةِ هذا أَعْظَمُ ما قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ العِلْمِ والأَمْرُ كما قُلْناهُ وذَهَبْنا إِليهِ وقد بَيَّنَّا هذا في الفُتُوحاتِ المَكِّيَّةِ وإذا ذُقْتَ هذا ذُقْتَ الغايَةَ التي ليسَ فوقَها غايَةٌ في حَقِّ المَخْلُوقِ فلا تَطْمَعْ ولا تُتْعِبْ نَفْسَكَ في أَنْ تَرْقى في أَعْلى مِنْ هذا الدَّرَجِ فما هوَ ثَمَّ أَصْلًا وما بَعْدَهُ إِلَّا العَدَمُ المَحْضُ

Strive within yourself, when you see the form in the mirror, to see the body of the mirror: you will never see it at all. So much so that some of those who perceived something like this concerning the forms [seen] in mirrors held that the seen form is between the eyesight of the seer and the mirror. This is the greatest [measure] of knowledge he was able to attain; but the matter is as we have said and held. We have explained this in al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya. When you taste this, you have tasted the utmost limit beyond which there is no limit with respect to the created being. So do not covet, and do not weary yourself, [hoping] to climb higher than this stair, for it is not there at all, and beyond it there is nothing but sheer nonexistence.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وأجهد في نفسك عند ما ترى الصورة في المرآة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(ما) مصدرية. أي، عند رؤيتك الصورة فيها

"Mā" here is a verbal-noun particle (maṣdariyya); that is, [it means] "at the time of your seeing the form in it."

Ibn Turka

﴿واجهد نفسك عندما ترى الصورة في المرآة أن ترى جرم المرآة ، لا تراه أبدا ألبتة﴾

إلا عند إعراضك وصرف النظر عن الصورة الظاهرة والتفاتك نحوها وتحديق النظر فيها . فعلم من هذا أن الظاهر لدى الحش هاهنا هي الصورة، والجرم مختف فيها فهو كالباطن لها، ولا يخفى أن الصورة لوكانت ظاهرة في الجرم أو به لكان الأمر بالعكس. ومن ثمة وقع التحير لأرباب العقول

except when you turn away and divert your gaze from the apparent form and turn instead toward it and fix your gaze upon it. From this it is known that what is manifest to the senses here is the form, while the body [of the mirror] is hidden within it, being thus like its nonmanifest (bāṭin) aspect; and it should not be overlooked that if the form were manifest in or through the body, the matter would be reversed. Hence the bewilderment that has befallen the masters of intellects

Bālī Zāde

﴿واجهد في نفسك﴾

بكليتك (عندما نرى) . أي عند رؤيتك

with your whole self (when we see) i.e., at the time of your seeing

Bālī Zāde

﴿الصورة في المرأة أن نرى جرم المرأة لا تراه أبدا البتة حتى أن بعض من أدرك مثل هذا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي أدرك عدم رؤية المراي

i.e., perceived the non-seeing of the mirror

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أن ترى جرم المرآة لا تراه أبدا ألبتة، حتى أن بعض من أدرك مثل هذا في صور المرايا … ذهب إلى أن الصورة المرئية بين بصر الرائي و بين المرآة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، هي حاصلة بين بصر الرائي وبين المرآة، وهي حاجبة عن رؤية المرآة

That is, it occurs between the sight of the viewer and the mirror, and it veils [him] from seeing the mirror [itself].

Ibn Turka

﴿حتى أن بعض من أدرك مثل هذا في صور المرايا ذهب إلى أن الصورة المرئية بين بصر الرائي وبين المرآة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بناء على ما ذهبوا إليه من أن الصور المتجسدة إنما يتكون في عالم المثال، لكن شرط ظهورها للحواس الظاهرة حضور الأجسام الهيولانية ذوي السطوح الصقيلة عندها والتفاتها لها

based on their view that embodied forms are constituted only in the world of imaginal forms (ʿālam al-mithāl), but that the condition for their appearing to the outward senses is the presence, before them, of material bodies possessing polished surfaces, and the turning of attention toward them

Words 24–28 · 1 of 4

في صُوَرِ المَرَائِيْ ذَهَبَ إِلى

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في صور المرايا ذهب إلى أن الصورة المرئية … بين بصر الرائي وبين المرآة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لا في المرآة. لذلك حاجبة عن رؤية المرآة فقد أصاب هذا البعض في إدراك عدم رؤية المرآة عند رؤية الصورة لكن أخطأ فيما ذهب إليه. لأنه لم يدرك أنه مثال لتجليه الذاتي (وهذا) أي المذكور

in mirrors went to the view that the perceived form ... is between the sight of the seer and the mirror] not in the mirror — and that it is therefore what veils the seeing of the mirror. Now this person was correct in perceiving the non-seeing of the mirror when the form is seen, but he erred in what he went to, because he did not perceive that it is an example for His essential self-disclosure. (And this) i.e., what has been mentioned,

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهذا أعظم ما قدر عليه من العلم، والأمر كما قلناه و ذهبنا إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من أنها مثال، نصبها الحق لتجليه الذاتي حتى ينظر فيها كل من أهل العالم، ولا يرى سوى صورته، فيعلم أن الذات الإلهية لا يمكن أن يرى إلا حين التجلي الأسمائي من وراء الحجب النورانية الصفاتية، كما جاء في الأحاديث الصحيحة: "سترون ربكم كما ترون القمر ليلة البدر". وأمثاله. قال الشاعر: كالشمس يمنعك اجتلائك وجهها %~% وإذا اكتسب برقيق غيم أمكنا

of knowledge he was able to attain; and the matter is as we have said and as we have held..."] — namely, that it [the mirror] is an example which the Real set up for His essential self-disclosure, so that every one of the people of the world might look into it and see nothing but his own form, and thereby know that the Divine Essence cannot be seen except at the moment of the self-disclosure through the Names (al-tajallī al-asmāʾī), from behind the luminous veils of the attributes — as stated in the authentic ḥadīths: "You shall see your Lord as you see the moon on the night it is full," and similar [reports]. The poet said: "Like the sun, which prevents you from beholding its face directly, yet becomes possible [to view] when veiled by a thin cloud."

Ibn Turka

﴿هذا أعظم ما قدر عليه من العلم، والأمر كما قلناه وذهبنا إليه﴾

من أن المرآة مثال نصبها الله لتجليه الذاتي، حيث أن الظاهر فيها عين الباطن، والباطن فيها هو الظاهر، كما قال : وباطن لا يكاد يخفى .... وظاهر لا يكاد يبدو

namely, that the mirror is an example set up by God for His Essential self-disclosure, in that what is manifest within it is identical with the nonmanifest, and what is nonmanifest within it is the manifest, as he said: "a nonmanifest that scarcely remains hidden... and a manifest that scarcely appears"

Bālī Zāde

﴿أعظم ما قدر﴾

على البناء للمفعول أو للمعلوم (عليه) أي على العبد

(upon him) i.e., upon the servant

Bālī Zāde

﴿من العلم والأمر كما قلناه وذهبنا إليه﴾

في التجلي الذاتي والمرآة لا كما زعم البعض

in [the matter of] the essential self-disclosure and the mirror — not as some have alleged.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وقد بينا هذا في الفتوحات المكية … وإذا ذقت هذا ذقت الغاية التي ليس فوقها غاية في حق المخلوق فلا تطمع ولا تتعب نفسك في أن ترقى أعلى من هذا الدرج﴾

إشارة إلى أن هذا المعنى لا يدرك إلا بالذوق والكشف والحال لا بمجرد العلم وهي الغاية في الكشف ليس فوقها أعلى منها

This is an indication that this meaning is grasped only through direct tasting (dhawq), unveiling (kashf), and [spiritual] state (ḥāl), not through mere theoretical knowledge; and it is the ultimate limit in unveiling, beyond which there is nothing higher

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وقد بينا هذا في الفتوحات المكية﴾

ذكره رضي الله عنه في الباب الثالث والستين من الفتوحات المكية، في معرفة بقاء النفس في البرزخ بين الدنيا والآخرة لتعرف حقيقة البرزخ وقال: (إنه حاجز معقول بين متجاورين)، ليس هو عين أحدهما وفيه قوة كل منهما كالخط الفاصل بين الظل والشمس. وليس إلا الخيال كما يدرك الإنسان صورته في المرآة ويعلم قطعا أنه أدرك صورته بوجه، وأنه ما أدرك صورته بوجه، لما يراها في غاية الصغر لصغر جرم المرأة والكبر لعظمه. ولا يقدر أن ينكر أنه رأى صورته، ويعلم أنه ليس في المرآة صورة، ولا هي بينه وبين المرآة، فليس بصادق ولا كاذب في قوله: إنه رأى صورته ما رأى صورته. فما تلك الصورة؟ وما شأنها؟ وأين محلها؟ فهي منفية ثابتة، موجودة معدومة، معلومة مجهولة. أظهر الله سبحانه هذه لعبده ضرب مثال ليعلم ويتحقق أنه إذا عجز و حار في درك حقيقة هذا، (وهو من العالم ولم يحصل عنده علم بتحقيقه، فهو بخالقها أعجز وأجهل وأشد حيرة). هذا ما لقيته من كلامه في هذا الباب. و ذهب بعضهم إلى أن الصورة المرئية إنما هي في العالم الخيالي ومقابلة الجرم الصقيل شرط لظهورها فيه. ولو كان كذلك، لكان يظهر للناظر في المرآة صورة أخرى غير صورة مقابلها، كما يظهر فيما يستعمله المعزمون من صورة الجن و غيرها

He — may God be pleased with him — mentioned this in the sixty-third chapter of al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, in [the section on] knowing the subsistence of the self (nafs) in the intermediate realm (barzakh) between this world and the next, in order to know the reality of the barzakh. He said: "It is an intelligible barrier (ḥājiz maʿqūl) between two adjoining things, being identical with neither of the two, yet containing the power of each of them — like the dividing line between shadow and sunlight." It is nothing but imagination (khayāl), just as a human being perceives his form in the mirror and knows with certainty both that he has perceived his form in some respect, and that he has not perceived his form in [another] respect — since he sees it as extremely small, on account of the smallness of the body of the mirror, or extremely large, on account of its largeness. He cannot deny that he has seen his form, yet he knows that there is no form in the mirror, nor is it between him and the mirror. So he is neither truthful nor lying when he says: "He saw his form" / "He did not see his form." What, then, is that form? What is its status? Where is its locus? It is negated [and yet] fixed, existent [and yet] non-existent, known [and yet] unknown. God, exalted is He, manifested this for His servant as a kind of example, so that he might know and verify that if he is incapable and bewildered in grasping the reality of this — while it belongs to the [created] world, and he has not attained knowledge of verifying it — then he is even more incapable, more ignorant, and more bewildered with respect to its Creator. This is what I have found of his words on this chapter. Some have held that the seen form exists only in the imaginal world (al-ʿālam al-khayālī), and that facing the polished body [i.e., the mirror] is [merely] a condition for its appearance therein. But if that were the case, then a different form from the form facing it would appear to the one looking in the mirror — just as [something different] appears in what conjurers employ, such as the form of jinn and the like.

Ibn Turka

﴿وقد بينا هذا في الفتوحات المكية﴾

فإنه قد بين أمر ماثلة المرآة ووجه استجماعها الأحكام الممثل من حيرة المشاهد وجمعيته للأضداد والأطراف ، حيث قال : « إن الإنسان يدرك صورته في المرآة ، ويعلم قطعا أنه أدرك صورته بوجه ، وأنه ما أدرك صورته بوجه ، لما يراها في غاية الصغر لصغر جرم المرآة ، والكبر لعظمه ، ولا يقدر أن ينكر أنه رأى صورته ، ويعلم أنه ليس في المرآة صورة ، ولا هي بينه وبين المرآة ، فليس بصادق ولا كاذب . في قوله : «إنه رأى صورته ، ما رأى صورته » ، فما تلك الصورة ؟ وأين محلها ؟ وما شأنها ؟ فهي منفية ثابتة ، موجودة معدومة ، معلومة مجهولة ، أظهر الله سبحانه وتعالى هذه العبده ضرب مثال ليعلم ويتحقق أنه إذا عجز وحار في درك حقيقة هذا وهو من العالم ولم يحصل عنده علم بتحقيقه ، فهو بخالقها أعجز وأجهل وأشد حيرة » ، هذا ما عثرت عليه مما يتعلق بهذا البحث من كلامه

for he has clarified there the matter of the mirror's resemblance and the manner in which it gathers together the properties represented by the beholder's bewilderment and its comprehensiveness of opposites and extremities, where he said: "Man perceives his form in the mirror, and knows with certainty that he has perceived his form in one respect, and that he has not perceived his form in another respect—since he sees it as exceedingly small, due to the smallness of the mirror's body, or exceedingly large, due to its largeness—yet he cannot deny that he has seen his form, while knowing that there is no form in the mirror, nor is it between him and the mirror. So he is neither truthful nor lying in saying: 'He saw his form'—[yet also] 'he did not see his form.' What, then, is that form? Where is its locus? What is its state? It is negated yet affirmed, existent yet nonexistent, known yet unknown. God, glory and exalted be He, manifested this to His servant as a set example, that he might know and realize that if he is incapable and bewildered in grasping the reality of this, which belongs to the [created] world, and no knowledge of its verification is attained by him, then he is, with respect to its Creator, even more incapable, more ignorant, and more intensely bewildered." This is what I came across of his words pertaining to this discussion

Bālī Zāde

﴿وقد بينا هذا تفصيلا في الفتوحات المكية … وإذا ذقت هذا … ذقت الغاية التي ليس فوقها غاية في حق المخلوق فلا تطمع ولا تتعب نفسك في ان ترقي في أعلى من هذا الدرج فما هو ثمة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي فليس في هذا الدرج الذي هو الوجود المحض مقام موجود غير هذا المقام (أصلا) قطع

end for the created being; so do not covet, nor tire yourself in seeking to ascend to [a station] higher than this degree, for there is nothing there] i.e., in this degree — which is pure existence — there is no existent station other than this station (at all) — [this is stated as] a categorical [exclusion].

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإذا ذقت هذا، ذقت الغاية التي ليس فوقها غاية في حق المخلوق، فلا تطمع ولا تتعب نفسك في أن ترقى في أعلى من هذا الدرج فما هو ثمة أصلا، وما بعده إلا العدم المحض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، إذا وجدت هذا المقام بالذوق والوجدان، لا بالعلم والعرفان، وحصل لك هذا التجلي الذاتي، فقد حصل لك الغاية وانتهيت إلى النهاية لأن منتهى أسفار السالكين إلى الله هو الذات لا غير. وقوله

end for a created being; so do not covet, nor tire yourself, [seeking] to ascend to a rank higher than this, for there is no such thing at all, and what lies beyond it is nothing but sheer non-existence."] That is, if you attain this station through tasting (dhawq) and [direct] finding (wijdān) — not through [theoretical] knowledge and cognition (ʿilm wa ʿirfān) — and this essential self-disclosure occurs for you, then you have attained the ultimate end and have arrived at the final terminus, since the utmost limit of the journeys of the wayfarers (sālikīn) to God is the Essence (al-dhāt), nothing else. And his saying —

Ibn Turka

﴿وإذا ذقت هذا﴾

أي أدركته بمجرد ذوقك الكاشف وفطرتك السليمة خالصة عن علائق التعاملات الفكرية المشوشة ، صافية عن شوائب التوسل إلى القياسات الجعلية الموسوسة

i.e., you grasp it by your unveiling taste (dhawq) alone and your sound innate disposition (fiṭra), free from the entanglements of confused discursive dealings, purified from the impurities of resorting to disquieting constructed syllogisms (qiyāsāt jaʿliyya)

Ibn Turka

﴿دقت الغاية التي ليس فوقها غاية في حق المخلوق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إذ المخلوق - من حيث أنه مخلوق لا مدخل له وراء ذلك أصلا

since the created being, insofar as it is created, has absolutely no access beyond that

Ibn Turka

﴿فلا تطمع ولا تتعب نفسك، في أن ترقي في أعلى من هذا الدرج، فما هو ثم أصلا﴾

أي فما أعلى من هذا الدرج مقام موجود مشهود أصلا

i.e., there is no station higher than this level that exists or is witnessed at all

Words 72–74 · 1 of 4

في أَنْ تَرْقى

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿في أن ترقى﴾

متعلق ب (لا تطمع). و

is connected to [the phrase] "do not covet" (lā taṭmaʿ). And

Words 75–76 · 1 of 4

في أَعْلى

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿في أعلى﴾

متعلق ب "ترقى". ضمنه معنى الدخول فعداه ب "في" لأنه يتعدى بنفسه وب "على" لا بـ"في". يقال: رقاه. إذا صعده. أو، رقا عليه. إذا صعد عليه. ولا يقال: رقى فيه. كمالا يقال: صعد فيه. إلا عند تضمنه معنى الدخول. والضمير في قوله: "فما هو" عائد إلى "المقام" الذي يدل عليه قوله: "أعلى" بحسب المعنى. و "ثمة" أيضا إشارة إلى المقام. أي، فليس في هذا المقام الذي وصلت إليه، وهو الوجود المحض، مقام آخر تصل إليه أصلا، إذ ليس بعد الوجود المحض إلا العدم المحض. واعلم، أن ظهور عينه له عين ظهور الحق له ورؤية صورته عين رؤيته الحق، لأن عينه الثابتة ليست مغايرة للحق مطلقا، إذ هي شأن من شؤونه وصفة من صفاته واسم من أسمائه. وقد عرفت أنه من وجه عينه ومن وجه غيره، فإذا شاهدت ذلك، شاهدته. ومن هنا قال الحسين المنصور الحلاج قدس الله سره: أنا من أهوى، ومن أهوى أنا %~% نحن روحان حللنا بدنا فإذا أبصرتني أبصرته %~% وإذا أبصرته أبصرتنا فهو مرآتك في رؤيتك نفسك، وأنت مرأته في رؤيته أسمائه وظهور أحكامها(. وذلك لأن بالوجود تظهر الأعيان الثابتة وكمالاتها، وبالأعيان تظهر صفات الوجود وأسماؤه وأحكام أسمائه لأنها محل سلطنتها. وإليه أشار النبي، عليه الصلاة والسلام، بقوله: "المؤمن مرآة المؤمن". إذا المؤمن من جملة أسمائه تعالى. "وليست سوى عينه" أي، فليست مرآته التي هي عينك غير عينه مطلقا، كما تزعم المحجوب . "فاختلط الأمر وانبهم" أي، فاختلط أمر المرئي و انبهم أنه حق أو عبد، لأن العبد يرى في ذات الحق عينه، والحق يرى في عين العبد أسمائه، وعين العبد حق من وجه، لأنها من جملة أسمائه وأسماؤه عينه. فانبهم حال المرائي في المرآتين أنه حق أو عبد

is connected to "tarraqqā" (he ascended). He implied within it the meaning of "entering" (dukhūl), thus making it transitive with "fī", since it is [normally] transitive by itself and with "ʿalā", not with "fī". One says: raqāhu, when he ascended it, or raqā ʿalayhi, when he climbed upon it. One does not say raqā fīhi, just as one does not say ṣaʿada fīhi, except when it implies the meaning of entering. The pronoun in his statement "fa-mā huwa" refers back to "the station" (al-maqām) which is indicated by his statement "aʿlā" according to the meaning. "Thamma" (there) likewise refers to the station. That is: there is no other station beyond this station which you have reached — namely, pure existence — that you could reach at all, since after pure existence there is nothing but pure nonexistence. Know that the manifestation of his entity (ʿaynihi) to him is identical with the manifestation of the Real to him, and seeing his form is identical with seeing the Real, because his fixed entity (ʿaynuhu al-thābita) is not other than the Real absolutely, since it is one of His affairs (shaʾn), one of His attributes, and one of His names. You already know that from one respect it is his entity and from another respect it is other than him; so if you witness that, you witness Him. Hence al-Ḥusayn al-Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj — may God sanctify his secret — said: "I am the one I love, and the one I love is I / We are two spirits dwelling in one body / So if you see me, you see him / And if you see him, you see us." So he is your mirror in your seeing yourself, and you are his mirror in his seeing his names and the manifestation of their properties. This is because through existence the fixed entities and their perfections become manifest, while through the entities the attributes of existence and its names and the properties of its names become manifest, since they are the locus of their [the names'] dominion. To this the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, alluded in his saying: "The believer is the mirror of the believer" — since the believer is among the totality of His Most High names. "And it is nothing but His entity" — that is, your mirror, which is your own entity, is not other than His entity absolutely, as the veiled ones claim. "So the matter became mixed and ambiguous" — that is, the matter of the one seen became mixed and it became ambiguous whether it was the Real or the servant, because the servant sees his own entity in the Essence of the Real, and the Real sees His names in the entity of the servant, and the entity of the servant is, from one respect, the Real, since it is among the totality of His names, and His names are His entity. Thus the state of the one reflected in the two mirrors becomes ambiguous — whether it is the Real or the servant.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فما هو ثم أصلا وما بعده إلا العدم المحض﴾

أي فما أعلى من هذا الدرج موجود عند الشهود أصلا فالضمير يرجع إلى أعلى

that is, nothing higher than this rank exists at all in witnessing (shuhūd) — so the pronoun refers back to "higher"

Ibn Turka

﴿وما بعده إلا العدم المحض؛ فهو مرآتك في رؤيتك نفسك، وأنت مرآته في رؤيته أسمائه وظهور أحكامها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كالسماع والرؤية، فإنهما من أحكام اسمي السميع والبصير، وهما إنما يظهران بأحكامها في مرآة العبد، وإذ تميز في هذه المرآة الظاهر عن المظهر تعدد فيها الصور الظاهرة. (و لیست ) تلك الصور يعني الأسماء و أحكامه

is your mirror in which you see yourself, and you are His mirror in which He sees His Names and the manifestation of their governing properties] such as hearing and seeing, for these two are among the governing properties of the two Names 'the All-Hearing' and 'the All-Seeing,' and they appear, through their properties, only in the mirror of the servant; and since, in this mirror, the manifest is distinguished from that in which it is manifested (al-maẕhar), the manifest forms become multiple within it. (And they are not) those forms—meaning the Names—and their governing properties

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما بعده إلا لعدم المحض﴾

إذ ما يكون وراء الوجود المحض إلا العدم المحض

since nothing lies beyond pure existence except pure nonexistence.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.