Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶18 in the text

18 · 78 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ إِلى آخِرِ نَبِيٍّ ما مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ يَأْخُذُ إِلَّا مِنْ مِشْكَاةِ خاتَمِ النَّبِيِّينَ وإنْ تَأَخَّرَ وُجُودُ طِينَتِهِ فإنَّهُ بِحَقِيقَتِهِ مَوْجُودٌ وهوَ قَوْلُهُ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ كُنْتُ نَبِيًّا وآدَمُ بَيْنَ الماءِ والطِّينِ وغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الأَنْبِياءِ ما كانَ نَبِيًّا إِلَّا حينَ بُعِثَ وكذلكَ خاتَمُ الأَوْلِياءِ كانَ وَلِيًّا وآدَمُ بَيْنَ الماءِ والطِّينِ وغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الأَوْلِياءِ ما كانَ وَلِيًّا إِلَّا بَعْدَ تَحْصِيلِهِ شَرائِطَ الوِلَايَةِ مِنَ الأَخْلاقِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ في الاتِّصافِ بِها مِنْ كَوْنِ اللهِ تَسَمَّى ب ٱلْوَلِىُّ ٱلْحَمِيدُ

So every prophet, from Adam to the last prophet, not one of them takes [his knowledge] except from the niche of the Seal of the prophets, even though the existence of his clay came later; for he is existent through his reality. This is his saying (God bless him and give him peace): "I was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay." As for the other prophets, none of them was a prophet except when he was sent forth. Likewise the Seal of the saints was a friend of God while Adam was between water and clay, whereas none of the other saints was a friend of God except after acquiring the conditions of sainthood, [which consist] of the divine character traits, in being qualified by them, given that God has named Himself "the Friend, the Praiseworthy" [Q 42:28].

On the whole passage · 1 of 7

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿قوله كنت نبيا وآدم بين الماء والطين وغيره من الأنبياء ما كان نبيا إلا حين بعث . وكذلك خاتم الأولياء كان وليا وآدم بين الماء والطين وغيره من الأولياء ما كان وليا إلا بعد تحصيل شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتصاف بها من كون الله يسمى بالولي الحميد فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولابته نسبته مع الختم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإنما كانت نسبته معه كذلك (فإنه) أي لأن خاتم الرسل

prophets and messengers to him] — And his relation to him was only thus (for he) i.e., because the Seal of the messengers

al-Jandī

﴿وكلّ نبيّ من لدن آدم إلى آخر نبيّ ما منهم أحد إلَّا يأخذ من مشكاة خاتم النبيّين وإن تأخّر وجود طينته ، فإنّه بحقيقته موجود ، وهو قوله :﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كنت نبيّا وآدم بين الماء والطين » وغيره من الأنبياء ما كان نبيّا إلَّا حين بعث " . قال العبد أيّده الله به : قد علمت فيما سلف أنّ الحقيقة المحمدية في صورتها الحقيقة التي حذي آدم عليها ، لم تزل قائمة بمظهرية الله في جميع العوالم العلوية الروحانية ، وفوقها قبلها في العوالم النورانية الأسمائية بالقبلية المرتبيّة والذاتية لا الزمانية . وفوقها قبلها في العوالم النفسية الرحمانية العمائية ، وبعد وجوده وظهوره في الأرواح النورية ، كان روحه روحا كلَّيا جامعا لخصائص عوالم الأمر . مبعوثا إلى الأرواح البشريّين والملكيّين نبيّا من عند الله بالاختصاص الأحدى الجمعي ، كما أشار إلى ذلك بقوله : « أوّل ما خلق الله نوري » فجمع الله في هذا النور المحمدي جميع الأنوار النبوية وأرواح الأولياء جمعا أحديا قبل التفصيل في الوجود العيني . وذلك في مرتبة العقل الأوّل ومظهرية الاسم « المدبّر » ثمّ تعيّنت الأرواح في مرتبة اللوح المحفوظ وتميّزت بمظاهر خصائصها وحقائقها النورية . فبعث الله الحقيقة المحمدية الروحية النورية إليهم نبيّا ينبئهم عن الحقيقة الأحدية الجمعية الكمالية . فلمّا وجدت الصور الطبيعية العلوية الكلَّية من العرش والكرسي ، ووجدت صور مظاهر تلك الأرواح النبوية والأنوار الكمالية من الخلفاء والأولياء ، ظهر سرّ تلك البعثة المحمدية إليهم أيضا ثانيا ، فآمن من الأرواح من كان مؤهّلا للروحانية الأحدية الجمعية الكمالية الإنسانية الإلهية . ولمّا وجدت الصور العنصرية ، ظهر حكم ذلك الإيمان في كل النفوس البشرية ، فآمنوا بمحمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم وكان خير أمّة أخرجت للناس ، كما أشار صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم إلى هذا السرّ بقوله : « الأرواح جنود مجنّدة ، فما تعارف منها ائتلف وما تناكر منها اختلف » وبهذا المعنى « كان نبيّا وآدم بين الماء والطين ». أي كان عالما بنبوّته إذ ذاك وإن لم يصدق إطلاق اسم النبيّ عليه السّلام . ولا يخطر لك أنّ كلّ أحد بهذه المثابة من حيث إنّه كان في علم الله السابق قبل وجوده العيني كذلك ، فليس ذلك كذلك ، لأنّه ليس كل أحد عالما بذلك قبل وجوده العيني ، بل بعد وجوده واستكماله شرائط نبوّته بمتمّماتها ، والعلم الأزلي أيضا لم يتعلَّق به أنّه كذلك إلَّا بعد استكماله ما ذكرنا وفي نشأة دون نشأة ، بل هذا النوع من العلم والتذكير مخصوص بالكمّل والأفراد المحمديين الذين يتذكَّرون نشأتهم المقدّمة في عالم الأرواح والسماوات العلى وعوالم الأنوار والأسماء والتجلَّيات . وهذا سرّ خفيّ جدّا دقّ عن الأفهام إلَّا من شاء الله من الندّر ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

his saying:] "I was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay," while others among the prophets were not prophets except when they were sent [with the message]. The servant, may God support him, said: You have already learned that the Muhammadan Reality, in its form, is the reality according to whose pattern Adam was fashioned; it has never ceased to subsist as the locus of manifestation (maẓhariyya) of God in all the exalted spiritual worlds. And above it, it has precedence in the luminous worlds of the Names, a precedence of rank and essence, not of time. And above that, it has precedence in the psychic worlds of the Compassionate Cloud (al-ʿamāʾ al-raḥmānī). After its existence and manifestation in the luminous spirits, its spirit was a universal spirit, comprehending the distinctive properties of the worlds of Command, sent to human and angelic spirits as a prophet from God by an exclusive, singular, all-comprehensive specification, as he indicated by his saying: "The first thing God created was my light." So God gathered in this Muhammadan light all the prophetic lights and the spirits of the saints in a single unitary gathering, before their differentiation in concrete existence. This was at the level of the First Intellect and the locus of manifestation of the Name "the Governor" (al-Mudabbir). Then the spirits became entified at the level of the Preserved Tablet and were distinguished by the loci of manifestation of their distinctive properties and luminous realities. God then sent the luminous, spiritual Muhammadan Reality to them as a prophet, informing them of the singular, all-comprehensive, perfective reality. Then, when the universal exalted natural forms came into existence — the Throne and the Footstool — and when the forms of the loci of manifestation of those prophetic spirits and perfective lights came into existence, among the vicegerents and saints, the secret of that Muhammadan sending appeared to them a second time as well. So among the spirits, whoever was fit for the singular, all-comprehensive, human-divine perfective spirituality believed. Then, when the elemental forms came into existence, the ruling of that faith appeared in all human souls, so they believed in Muhammad, God bless him and grant him peace, and he was the best community brought forth for mankind, as he, God bless him and grant him peace, indicated this secret by his saying: "Spirits are conscripted hosts; those among them who recognized one another became harmonious, and those who did not recognize one another became discordant." And it is in this sense that "he was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay" — that is, he was cognizant of his prophethood at that time, even though the application of the name "prophet" to him, peace be upon him, was not yet actually valid. And do not let it occur to you that everyone is in this same position, in that he existed thus in God's foreknowledge before his concrete existence — for that is not the case, since not everyone is cognizant of that before his concrete existence; rather, [cognizance comes] after his existence and the completion of the conditions of his prophethood with all its complements. Nor did eternal knowledge attach to him as being thus except after he had completed what we have mentioned, and in one configuration (nashʾa) rather than another. Rather, this type of knowledge and recollection is peculiar to the perfect ones (kummal) and the Muhammadan solitary individuals (al-afrād al-Muḥammadiyyūn) who recall their prior configuration in the world of spirits and the exalted heavens and the worlds of lights, names, and self-disclosures. This is a very hidden secret, too subtle for understanding except for those rare few whom God wills. So understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فكل نبي من لدن آدم إلى آخر نبي، ما منهم أحد يأخذ … إلا من مشكاة خاتم النبيين وإن تأخر وجود طينته، فإنه بحقيقته موجود﴾

وهو قوله: "كنت نبيا وآدم بين الماء والطين"

and this is his saying: 'I was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay'

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وكل نبي من لدن آدم إلى آخر نبی ما منهم أحد يأخذ إلا من مشكاة خاتم النبيين، وإن تأخر وجود طينته، فإنه بحقيقته موجود، وهو قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «كنت نبيا و آدم بين الماء والطين.» وغيره من الأنبياء ما كان نبيا إلا حين بعث﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: هذا الكلام ظاهر إلا أنه ينبغي لك أن تفهم أن كل نبي كان في الأزل في علم الله تعالى نبيا على حكم ما قرره الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، في الحكمة الآدمية منه أن الأعيان الثابتة بجميع أحوالها هي العلم وهو على حد ما يأتي في العين، والنبوة المختصة بغيره، عليه السلام، من جملة ذلك. وأما في حال كون آدم بين الماء والطين، فذكر الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، هنا أن أحدا من الأنبياء ما كان والحالة هذه نبيا، بل عند ما حصل له في الوجود العيني الاتصاف بصفات الوجود وصار نبيا حين مبعثه فقد فهم مقصوده. و قوله رضي الله عنه: وكذلك خاتم الأولياء كان وليا و آدم بين الماء والطين، وغيره من الأولياء ما كان وليا إلا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتصاف بها من دون الله تعالی يسمي بالولي الحمید قلت: هذا مفهوم مما قاله في خاتم النبيين، عليه السلام، إلا أن ذلك في النبوة وهذا في الولاية فافهم المعني هنا مما قيل هناك. قوله رضي الله عنه

his saying, God bless him and grant him peace: "I was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay." As for the other prophets, none of them was a prophet except at the moment of his being sent.] I say: This statement is clear, except that you should understand that every prophet was, in pre-eternity, in God's knowledge, a prophet, according to what the Shaykh — God be pleased with him — established in the Adamic Wisdom (al-Ḥikma al-Ādamiyya), namely that the fixed entities (aʿyān thābita) in all their states are [identical with] knowledge, as will come in due course regarding the entity (ʿayn). The prophethood proper to others besides him [i.e., the Seal], peace be upon him, is included among that. As for the state of Adam being between water and clay, the Shaykh — God be pleased with him — mentions here that none of the prophets was, in that state, a prophet; rather, [each] became qualified by the attributes of existence when he attained entified existence, and became a prophet at the time of his being sent. His purpose has thus been understood. And his words, God be pleased with him: 'Likewise the Seal of the Saints was a saint (walī) while Adam was between water and clay, while the other saints were not saints except after attaining the conditions of sainthood (walāya) — [namely] the divine character-traits — by being qualified with them apart from God the Exalted; [thereby] he is named "the Praised Saint" (al-walī al-ḥamīd).' I say: This is understood from what he said concerning the Seal of the Prophets, peace be upon him, except that that was regarding prophethood, while this is regarding sainthood; so understand the meaning here from what was said there. His words, God be pleased with him:

Ibn Turka

﴿فكلّ نبيّ - من لدن آدم إلى آخر نبيّ - ما منهم أحد يأخذ إلَّا من مشكاة خاتم النبيّين ، وإن تأخّر وجود طينته ، فإنّه بحقيقته موجود﴾

ضرورة أنّه هو الغاية للحركة الوجوديّة بحسب الظاهر ، فإنّه الواضع بأفعاله وأقواله تمام الصورة الدالَّة على كنه المراد ، فله التقدّم بحسب الوجود على الكلّ ، فإنّه الموجود بوجود فاعله ، لكماله الخاصّ به متّحدا به

except from the niche of the Seal of Prophets, even though the existence of his clay came later, for by his reality he exists [already]] out of the necessity that he is the end (ghāya) of the existential motion in respect of the manifest (ẓāhir), for he is the one who establishes, through his acts and words, the complete form indicating the essential nature of what is intended. So he has precedence in respect of existence over all, for he exists through the existence of his agent, on account of his perfection specific to him, being united with him

Jāmī

﴿فكل نبي من لدن آدم إلى آخر نبي … ما منهم أحد بأخذ … إلا من مشكاة … خاتم النبيين وإن تأخر وجود طينته﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

عن وجود ذلك النبي الذي يأخذ النبوة من مشكاته. (فإنه)، أي خاتم النبيين (بحقيقته) وروحانيته (موجود) قبل وجود الأنبياء كلهم حتى آدم منعوت بالنبوة في هذا الوجود مبعوث إليهم وإلى من سواهم في عالم الأرواح. (وهو)، أي وجوده صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل وجود الجميع وإنصافه بالنبوة بالفعل في هذا الوجود ما بدل عليه قوله

… except from the niche … of the Seal of the Prophets, even though the existence of his clay was delayed] beyond the existence of that prophet who takes prophecy from his niche. For he — that is, the Seal of the Prophets — (in his reality) and his spirituality (was existent) before the existence of all the prophets, even Adam, described by prophecy in this existence, sent to them and to others in the world of spirits. And this — that is, his existence (God bless him and grant him peace) before the existence of all and his being qualified by actual prophecy in this existence — is what his statement indicates

Bālī Zāde

﴿فكل نبي من لدن آدم إلى آخر نبي ما منهم أحد ياخذ … إلا من مشكاة خاتم النبيين وإن تاخر وجود طينته فإنه بحقيقته موجود﴾

في جميع العوالم (وهو) أي معنى وجوده بحقيقته معنى

in all the worlds. (And this) i.e., the meaning of his existence in his reality, is a meaning

Words 29–31 · 1 of 7

عليهِ وسلَّمَ كُنْتُ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو قوله : " كنت نبيّا وآدم بين الماء والطين " وغيره من الأنبياء ما كان نبيّا إلَّا حين بعث … وكذلك خاتم الأولياء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لأنّه هو الغاية لتلك الحركة بحسب الباطن ، وهو الكاشف بتقريره وتحريره تمام المراد وكنهه عن تلك الصور الموضوعة من خاتم الأنبياء ، فلذلك

his saying: "I was a prophet while Adam was between water and clay," whereas the other prophets were not prophets except when they were sent... and likewise the Seal of the Saints] because he is the end (ghāya) of that motion in respect of the nonmanifest (bāṭin), and he is the one who unveils, through his establishing and setting forth, the completeness and essential nature of what is intended, from those forms laid down by the Seal of Prophets. Therefore

Words 31–32 · 1 of 7

كُنْتُ نَبِيًّا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كنت نبيا﴾

أي من عند الله مختصا بالإنباء عن الحقيقة الأحدية الجمعية الكمالية مبعوث إلى الأرواح البشريين و الملكيين

that is, from God, singled out for announcing (inbāʾ) the Single Comprehensive Perfect Reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-aḥadiyya al-jamʿiyya al-kamāliyya), sent to the human and angelic spirits

Words 33–36 · 1 of 7

وآدَمُ بَيْنَ الماءِ والطِّينِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وآدم بين الماء والطين﴾

لم يكمل بدنه العنصري بعد فكيف من دون أنبياء أولاده وبيان ذلك : أن الله سبحانه وتعالى لما خلق النور المحمدي كما أشار صلى الله عليه وسلم إليه بقوله : (أول ما خلق الله نوري) جمع في هذا النور المحمدي جميع أرواح الأنبياء والأولياء جمعة أحدية قبل التفصيل في الوجود الجمعي. وذلك في مرتبة العقل الأول ثم تعينت الأرواح في اللوح المحفوظ الذي هو النفس الكلية وتميزت بمظاهرها النورية . فبعث الله الحقيقة المحمدية الروحية النورية إليهم نبيا ينبئهم عن الحقيقة الأحذية الجمعية الكمالية . فلما وجدت الصور الطبيعية العلوية من العرش والكرسي، ووجدت صور مظاهر تلك الأرواح ظهر سر تلك البعثة المحمدية إليهم ثانيا. فآمن من الأرواح من كان مؤهلا للإيمان بتلك الأحدية الجمعية الكمالية، ولما وجدت الصور العنصرية ظهر حكم ذلك الإيمان في %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : وكذلك خاتم الأولياء كان وليا و آدم بين الماء والطين، وغيره من الأولياء ما كان وليا إلا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتصاف بها من كون الله يسمى بالوني الخميده . فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته، نسبته مع الخاتم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه، فإنه الولي الرسول النبي: وختم الأولياء الولي الوارث الأخذ عن الأصل المشاهد للمراتب . شرح الجامي : كمل النفوس البشرية فآمنوا بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فمعنى قوله : كنت نبيا أنه كان نبيا بالفعل عالما بثبوته

his elemental body not yet completed, let alone the prophets among his offspring. The explanation of this is: that God, exalted be He, when He created the Muḥammadan Light, as he (God bless him and grant him peace) indicated by his saying: (The first thing God created was my light), gathered in this Muḥammadan Light all the spirits of the prophets and saints in a single unitary gathering (jamʿa aḥadiyya) prior to differentiation in comprehensive existence. That was at the level of the First Intellect. Then the spirits became determined (taʿayyanat) in the Preserved Tablet, which is the Universal Soul, and became distinguished by their luminous loci of manifestation. So God sent the Muḥammadan spiritual luminous Reality to them as a prophet announcing to them the Single Comprehensive Perfect Reality. Then when the higher natural forms came into existence — the Throne and the Footstool — and the forms of the loci of manifestation of those spirits came into existence, the secret of that Muḥammadan sending to them appeared a second time. So those among the spirits who were fit for faith believed in that Comprehensive Unitary Perfection; and when the elemental forms came into existence, the ruling of that faith appeared in — [Text of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam:] Likewise the Seal of the Saints was a saint while Adam was between water and clay, while others among the saints were not saints except after attaining the conditions of sainthood (walāya) from the divine character-traits by being qualified by them, inasmuch as God is named al-Walī al-Ḥamīd. So the Seal of the Messengers, in respect of his sainthood, his relation (nisba) to the Seal in sainthood is like the relation of the prophets and messengers to him; for he is the saint, the messenger, the prophet: and the Seal of the Saints is the saint, the inheritor, who takes from the Origin, witnessing the ranks. Jāmī's commentary: the human souls were perfected and so they believed in Muḥammad (God bless him and grant him peace). So the meaning of his saying 'I was a prophet' is that he was actually a prophet, knowing of his [prophetic] establishment

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وغيره من الأنبياء ما كان نبيا إلا حين بعث﴾

إنما أعاد ما ذكره ليبين أنه وإن تأخر وجود طينته، فإنه موجود بحقيقته في عالم الأرواح. وهو نبي قبل أن يوجد ويبعث للرسالة أي الأمة، لأنه قطب الأقطاب كلها أزلا و أبدا. وغيره من الأنبياء ليس لهم النبوة إلا حين البعثة لأنه، صلى الله عليه و سلم، هو المقصود من الكون وهو الموجود أولا في العلم. وبتفصيل ما يشتمل عليه مرتبته حصل أعيان العالم فيه، وأيضا، أعيان الأنبياء بحسب استعداداتهم وإن كانوا طالبين إظهار النبوة فيهم، لكنهم لم يظهروا مع أنوار الحقيقة المحمدية، كاختفاء الكواكب وأنوارها عند طلوع الشمس ونورها. فلما تحققوا في مقام الطبيعة الجسمية وظلمة الليالي العنصرية، ظهروا بأنوارهم المختصة كظهور القمر والكواكب في الليل المظلم. ولما كان حال خاتم الأولياء بالنسبة إلى الأولياء كذلك، قال: )وكذلك خاتم الأولياء كان وليا وآدم بين الماء والطين. و غيره من الأولياء ما كان وليا إلا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتصاف بها من كون الله يسمى بالولي الحميد( وشرائط الولاية تحققهم في الوجود العيني وتطهرهم عن الصفات النفسية وتنزههم عن الخيالات الوهمية وتخلقهم بالأخلاق الإلهية وتخلصهم عن القيود الجزئية. وأداء أمانة وجودات الأفعال و الصفات والذات إلى من هو مالكها بالذات، فعند فنائهم عن أنفسهم وبقائهم بالحق يتصفون بالولاية وتحصل لهم الغاية، لأن الولاية من جملة صفاته الذاتية

He only repeated what he had mentioned in order to clarify that even though the existence of his clay was delayed, he exists in his reality in the world of spirits. He is a prophet before he exists and is sent forth for the Message, i.e., for the Community, because he is the Pole of all the poles, eternally and everlastingly (azalan wa abadan). The other prophets do not possess prophethood except at the time of their being sent, because he, God's blessings and peace be upon him, is the one intended by creation and is the one existing first in [Divine] Knowledge. Through the detailed unfolding of what his rank comprises, the entities (aʿyān) of the world came to be within it, and likewise the entities of the prophets according to their preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) — even though they sought to manifest prophethood within themselves, they did not appear alongside the lights of the Muhammadan Reality, like the disappearance of the stars and their lights at the rising of the sun and its light. But when they became individuated in the station of corporeal nature and the darkness of the elemental nights, they appeared with their own particular lights, like the appearance of the moon and the stars in the dark night. Since the state of the Seal of the saints relative to the [other] saints is thus, he said: ["Likewise the Seal of the saints was a saint while Adam was between water and clay. As for the other saints, none of them was a saint except after acquiring the conditions of sainthood — namely, the divine character-traits — by being qualified by them, inasmuch as God is named 'the Praiseworthy Friend' (al-Walī al-Ḥamīd)."] The conditions of sainthood are: their being realized/verified in concrete existence, their purification from egoic attributes, their being declared incomparable (tanazzuh) from imaginal fancies, their being characterized by the divine character-traits, and their being liberated from partial restrictions — together with the discharging of the trust of the existences of the acts, attributes, and Essence to Him who truly owns them. So when they pass away from themselves (fanāʾ) and subsist through the Real (baqāʾ bi'l-Ḥaqq), they become qualified by sainthood (walāya) and attain the ultimate goal, since sainthood is among His Essential attributes.

Jāmī

﴿وغيره من الأنبياء ما كان نبيا﴾

بالفعل ولا عالما بثبوته

in actuality, nor knowing of their [prophetic] establishment

Words 43–45 · 1 of 7

إِلَّا حينَ بُعِثَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إلا حين بعث﴾

بعد وجوده بدنه العنصري واستكماله شرائط النبوة فاندفع بذلك . ما يقال من أن كل أحد بهذه المثابة من حيث إنه كان نبيا في علم الله السابق علي وجوده العيني وآدم بين الماء و الطين. (وكذلك خانم الأولياء) من كونه صورة من صور الحقيقة المحمدية ختمت بها الولاية الخاصة المحمدية أو الولاية المطلقة كان حكمه حكم خاتم النبيين

after the existence of his elemental body and his completing the conditions of prophecy. By this is repelled what might be said — that everyone is in this same position inasmuch as he was a prophet in God's foreknowledge prior to his concrete existence, while Adam was between water and clay. (Likewise the Seal of the Saints), being one of the forms of the Muḥammadan Reality by which the special Muḥammadan sainthood — or the absolute sainthood — was sealed, his ruling is the ruling of the Seal of the Prophets

al-Jandī

﴿وكذلك خاتم الأولياء ، كان وليّا وآدم بين الماء والطين ، وغيره ما كان وليّا إلَّا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتّصاف بها من كون الله تسمّى بالوليّ الحميد﴾

قال العبد اعلم : أنّ خاتم الأولياء من كونه صورة من الصور المحمدية ختمت بها الولاية الخاصّة بمحمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم فكان حكمه حكم خاتم الرسل في علمه بكونه وليّا قبل وجوده العنصري ، فإنّ الحقيقة المحمدية الكلَّية المذكورة توجب المظهر الأكمل لتجلَّيها الذاتي بمرتبة الولاية . كما توجب المظهر الأكمل لتجلَّيها في مرتبة النبوّة ، ولا بدّ من هذين الختمين ، وهما صورتا حقيقة واحدة في مرتبتين هما النبوّة والولاية ، والحقيقة هي الحقيقة المحمدية الكلَّية المذكورة الكمالية الإنسانية ، وحكمها بعكس ما قيل قبل :" نحن روحان حللنا بدنا " . فإنّ هذا لا يصحّ فيما نحن بصدد بيانه ، ولكن في الاتّحاد والحلول عند من يقول بهما على الوجه الذي يقول بهما ، لا على ما عرف عرفا عاميّا . ولكن يقال فيها : « نحن روح واحد في جسدين » وهذا الخاتم رضي الله عنه كان يذكر كيف كان حال كون خاتم الرسل نبيّا وآدم بين الماء والطين ، عالما بنبوّته الكاملة والولاية المحيطة الشاملة ، وكان يشهد لخاتم الرسل بالنبوّة والتقدّم على الأرواح الكاملة من الأنبياء والأولياء كما قال في قريضه ، شعر : شهدت له بالملك قبل وجودن %~% على ما تراه العين في قبضة الذرّ شهود اختصاص أعقل الآن كونه %~% ولم أك من حال الشهادة في ذعر لقد كنت مبسوطا طليقا مسرّح %~% ولم أك المحبوس في قبضة الأسر يعني رضي الله عنه كنت عالما بنبوّته وختميته صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم إذ ذاك قبل وجودنا العنصري ، وكونه مبسوطا طليقا مسرّحا لا محبوسا ، إشارة إلى مراتب أهل البرزخ في برازخهم ، فإنّهم على اختلاف درجاتهم وائتلاف طبقاتهم وتباين مقاماتهم على قسمين : أحدهما وهو العامّ أرواح الناس المتقيّدين بالمقامات الجزئية والعلوم والأخلاق التقيّدية الفرعية ، كانوا في نشأتهم الدنياوية متقيّدين بعقائد وعوائد مخصوصة ، متعشّقين بعلوم وأعمال وأخلاق وأحوال جزئية ، فهم بعد المفارقة محبوسون بصور ما هم متعشّقون ، وفي قبضة أسر الأمر الذي هم متقيّدون . والقسم الثاني صنف من كمّل الإنسان ، قطعوا في نشأتهم الدنياوية برازخهم ، وحشروا قبل الحشر ونشروا قبل النشر وبعثر قبور هياكلهم عن أرواحهم في صور الانسلاخات والمعاريج والإسراءات على ما تحقّق في قواعد الكشف والشهود . وهؤلاء الكمّل غير مقيّدين بصورهم البرزخية ، بل لهم الإطلاق والسراح والانطلاق والظهور في أيّ عالم شاؤوا ، لكمال نشأتهم وقواهم ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

— The servant says: Know that the Seal of the Saints, being one of the Muhammadan forms with which the sainthood specific to Muhammad, God bless him and grant him peace, was sealed, has the same ruling as the Seal of the Messengers regarding his knowledge of being a saint before his elemental existence. For the aforementioned universal Muhammadan Reality necessitates the most perfect locus of manifestation for its essential self-disclosure at the level of sainthood, just as it necessitates the most perfect locus of manifestation for its self-disclosure at the level of prophethood. These two seals are indispensable, and they are two forms of a single reality at two levels — prophethood and sainthood — and the reality is the aforementioned universal Muhammadan Reality, the human perfective [reality]. Its ruling is the opposite of what was said before: "We are two spirits that have dwelt in one body" — for this does not hold true regarding what we are presently explaining, but rather [applies] to union (ittiḥād) and indwelling (ḥulūl) according to those who hold these doctrines, in the manner in which they hold them, not according to what is commonly known in ordinary usage. Rather, what should be said here is: "We are one spirit in two bodies." This Seal [Ibn ʿArabī], may God be pleased with him, used to relate how it was, in the state of the Seal of the Messengers being a prophet while Adam was between water and clay, that he was cognizant of his complete prophethood and his all-encompassing, comprehensive sainthood. And he used to bear witness for the Seal of the Messengers to prophethood and to precedence over the perfect spirits among the prophets and saints, as he said in his verse: 'I bore witness to his sovereignty before my existence, / as the eye perceives it in the grip of the atoms (dharr). / A witnessing of specification — now I most rationally comprehend it — / and I was not in dread during the state of witnessing. / Indeed I was unconstrained, free, and released, / and I was not one confined in the grip of captivity.' That is, he means, may God be pleased with him: I was cognizant of his prophethood and his being the Seal, God bless him and grant him peace, at that time, before our elemental existence, and of his being unconstrained, free, and released, not imprisoned — an allusion to the levels of the people of the barzakh (isthmus) in their barzakhs. For they, despite the variation of their degrees, the harmony of their ranks, and the disparity of their stations, are of two kinds: One — the general kind — the spirits of people bound by partial stations and by derivative, restrictive knowledges and character traits, who were, in their worldly configuration, bound by particular beliefs and customs, attached to particular knowledges, deeds, character traits, and states. These, after separation [from the body], remain confined by the forms of what they were attached to, and in the grip of the captivity of the matter to which they were bound. The second kind is a class of the perfect human beings who, in their worldly configuration, traversed their barzakhs, were resurrected before the [general] resurrection, raised up before the [general] raising, and had the graves of their bodily frames scattered away from their spirits, in the forms of spiritual divestments (insilākhāt), ascensions (maʿārij), and night-journeys (isrāʾāt), as is established in the principles of unveiling and witnessing. These perfect ones are not bound by their isthmus-forms; rather, they have release, liberation, freedom, and manifestation in whatever world they wish, owing to the perfection of their configuration and their faculties. So understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿كان وليّا وآدم بين الماء والطين ، وغيره من الأولياء ما كان وليّا إلَّا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية ، من الأخلاق الإلهيّة في الاتصاف بها من كون الله يسمّى بالولي الحميد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بيان لتلك الأخلاق وتنبيه إلى أنّ الولاية من الأوصاف الإلهيّة الأبديّة ، فختمها ليس بمعنى الانقطاع ، بل بمعنى تماميّته وكماليّتها ، ولا يمكن أن يختم أبواب تمامها وكمالها إلَّا باسم الكامل المطلق

[this is] an explanation of those character-traits and an indication that sainthood is among the eternal divine attributes, so its sealing does not mean cessation, but rather means its completeness and perfection. And it is not possible for the doors of its completeness and perfection to be sealed except by the name of the Absolute Perfect One (al-kāmil al-muṭlaq)

Jāmī

﴿كان وليا﴾

بالفعل عالم بولايته

in actuality, knowing of his sainthood

Jāmī

﴿وآدم بين الماء والطين وغيره من الأولياء ما كان وليا﴾

بالفعل ولا عالة بولايته

in actuality, nor knowing of their sainthood

al-Qāshānī

﴿وغيره من الأولياء ما كان وليا إلا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتصاف بها﴾

لأنها ليست بذاتية له كما للخاتم ، وإذا لم تكن ذاتية فلا بد من كسبها . وقوله: ( من كون الله يسمى بالولى الحميد ) لا ينافي أخذ تلك الصفات من الخاتم للولاية ، لأن الله تعالى إنما يسمى بالولى الحميد في عين هذا الخاتم وولايته إنما تكون بالوجود الحقانى بذاته وصفاته وأسمائه لا من حيث هو غيره

Because these are not essential (dhātī) to them as they are to the Seal. And since they are not essential, they must be acquired. And his saying, ('from God's being named by the epithet the Loving Friend, the Praiseworthy'), does not preclude the taking of those attributes from the Seal for the sake of sainthood, because God, Exalted is He, is named by the epithet the Loving Friend, the Praiseworthy, only in the very identity of this Seal; and his sainthood is only through the Real existence, by His Essence, His attributes, and His names, not insofar as he is other than He.

Jāmī

﴿إلا بعد تحصيله شرائط الولاية من الأخلاق الإلهية في الاتصاف بها﴾

قوله : من الأخلاق الإلهية بيان للشرائط. وقوله : في الاتصاف بها متعلق بالمعنى الفعلي المفهوم من قوله : شرائط، أي إلا بعد تحصيله ما يشترط في الإنصاف بالولاية بين الأخلاق الإلهية التي يتوقف الاتصاف بالولاية عليها مع أن الولاية أيضا من أخلاقه وصفات والاتصاف به إنما هو من أجل

His statement 'from the divine character-traits' explains the conditions. And his statement 'by being qualified by them' is connected to the actual (fiʿlī) meaning understood from his statement 'conditions' — that is, except after he attains what is required for being qualified with sainthood among the divine character-traits upon which qualification for sainthood depends, given that sainthood is itself among His character-traits and attributes, and being qualified by it is only for the sake of

Words 73–74 · 1 of 7

كَوْنِ اللهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كون الله﴾

سبحانه (يسمى بالولي الحميد) فيتصفون بها ليكمل لهم الاتصاف بصفات الله والتخلق بأخلاقه . ولما ذكر أن المرسلين من كون الأولياء لا يرون ما يرون إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء وكان متوهم أن يتوهم أن هذا المعنى إنما يصح بالنسبة إلى من عدا خاتم الرسل. دفعه بقوله

exalted is He (is named al-Walī al-Ḥamīd), so they become qualified by these [traits] so that their qualification with God's attributes and their being character-formed by His character-traits may be perfected for them. Now, since it was mentioned that the messengers, inasmuch as they are saints, see nothing except from the niche of the Seal of the Saints, and it might be supposed that this meaning holds true only with respect to those other than the Seal of the Messengers, he repels this by his statement

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.