Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶19 in the text

19 · 83 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَخاتَمُ الرُّسُلِ مِنْ حَيْثُ وِلَايَتُهُ نِسْبَتُهُ معَ الخَتْمِ لِلوِلَايَةِ نِسْبَةُ الأَنْبِياءِ والرُّسُلِ مَعَهُ فإنَّهُ الوَلِيُّ الرَّسُولُ النَّبِيُّ وخاتَمُ الأَوْلِياءِ الوَلِيُّ الوارِثُ الآخِذُ عنِ الأَصْلِ المُشاهِدُ لِلمَراتِبِ وهوَ حَسَنَةٌ مِنْ حَسَناتِ خاتَمِ الرُّسُلِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ مُقَدَّمِ الجَماعَةِ وَسَيِّدُ وَلَدِ آدَمَ في فَتْحِ بابِ الشَّفاعَةِ فَعَيَّنَ حالًا خاصًّا ما عَمَّمَ وفي هذا الحالِ الخاصِّ تَقَدَّمَ على الأَسْماءِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ فإنَّ الرَّحْمنَ ما شَفَعَ عندَ المُنْتَقِمِ في أَهْلِ البَلاءِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ شَفاعَةِ الشَّافِعِينَ فَفازَ مُحَمَّدٌ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ بِالسِّيادَةِ في هذا المَقامِ الخاصِّ

So the Seal of the messengers, insofar as his sainthood [is concerned], his relation to the Seal of sainthood is the relation of the prophets and messengers to him, for he is the friend of God, the messenger, the prophet. And the Seal of the saints is the friend of God, the inheritor, the one who takes from the root [source], the one who witnesses the ranks. And he is one of the good deeds of the Seal of the messengers, Muḥammad (God bless him and give him peace), the foremost of the company and master of the children of Adam in the opening of the gate of intercession. Thus he specified a particular state; he did not make [it] general. And in this particular state he took precedence over the divine Names, for the All-Merciful does not intercede with the Avenger on behalf of the people of affliction except after the intercession of the intercessors. So Muḥammad (God bless him and give him peace) won mastery in this particular station.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته نسبته مع الخاتم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء ، والرسل معه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

استعمل مع بمعنى إلى

He used 'with' (maʿa) in the sense of 'to' (ilā).

al-Jandī

﴿فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته ، نسبته مع الختم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه ، فإنّه الوليّ الرسول النبيّ ، وخاتم الأولياء الوليّ الوارث ، الآخذ عن الله ، المشاهد للمراتب وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل ، محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم مقدّم الجماعة ، وسيّد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة﴾

قال العبد أيّده الله به اعلم : أنّ الولاية المحمدية التي هي مشكاة خاتم الأولياء ، منها مادّة الولايات كلَّها ، المتفرّعة في أنبياء الأمم ورسلهم وعامّة الأولياء وخاصّتهم وخلاصة خلاصتهم وصفا خلاصة الخاصّة من حيث إنّ النبوّة لا تخلو عن ولاية هي باطنها . ومن حيث إنّها صور نسب الولاية الكلية الكمالية المحمدية الإلهية من مرتبة التفصيل من مشكاته المذكورة ، فمنها وصول المادّة إلى الكلّ . فنسبته في الأخذ عن الله من الوراثة المحمدية للولاية الجمعية الأحدية الكمالية مع محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم كنسبة الأنبياء والرسل في أخذ نبوّاتهم ورسالاتهم عن الله من الحقيقة المحمدية ، على ما تقرّر آنفا ، هذا لسان عموم أهل الذوق في هذا المقام . سرّ للخواصّ : لمّا تعيّن في ختمية الولاية الخاصّة المحمدية خاتم الأولياء ، وكانت مشكاته الخصيصة به هي الولاية الخاصّة المحمدية الإلهية الكمالية الختمية الأحدية الجمعية. كتعيّن رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم في ختم النبوّة التشريعية المحيطة الكمالية الإلهية ، وهي المشكاة الخاصّة به صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم وكانت النبوّات كلَّها مترتّبة على الولايات ، فإنّما هي صور أحكام حكم الولايات ، ظهر له نسبة خاتم الرسل إلى ختم الولاية من حيث إنّ نبوّته صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم ظاهرية مشكاة ختم الولاية ، والولاية خصيصة به كنسبة سائر الرسل في أخذ نبوّاتهم من مشكاة الرسول الخاتم ، وولايتهم من مشكاة خاتم الولاية الخاصّة المحمدية ، فافهم إن شاء الله . فمن عنده صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم قسمة أرزاق العلوم والأذواق والمقامات والأحوال والأخلاق كلَّها ، فما تعلَّق منها بالنبوّة واختصّ بالرسالة يوصله الله من هذه المشكاة المحمدية إلى جميع الأنبياء والرسل حال وجودهم في نشأتهم وبعد المفارقة في برازخهم. وما تعلَّق منها بالولاية وتحقّق بها خاتم الأولياء المحمديين يفيضه الله من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء على سائر الأولياء المحمديين وهم أنبياء الأولياء وعلى أولياء الأنبياء والرسل ، فافهم . ولا يحجبنّك تأخّر صورته العنصرية الختمية فلا بدّ للختم من الآخرية من حيث صورته الشخصية ، وأنّ له صورة أزلية فاتحية متقدّمة على الكلّ بالحقيقة والمرتبة ، فافهم وتذكَّر ، والله الملهم . واعلم : أنّ رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم جامع بين النبوّة والرسالة والولاية والخلافة ، فهو النبيّ الرسول الخاتم . وكذلك وارثه الأكمل خاتم الأولياء المحمديين حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل ، لكونه جمع له وراثته في الختمية الكمالية وتخيّر من بين أرواح الأولياء لمظهريته الكاملة الأحدية الجمعية في باطن الصورة الإلهية المحمدية الختمية ، ولكنّه صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم مقدّم جماعة الكمّل في فلك النبوّة وفلك الولاية ، وهو سيّد ولد آدم. لأنّ الحقيقة الكمالية الجمعية الأحدية في الصورة الإلهية المحمدية هي التي تشفع فرديات الحضرات الأسمائية إذا غلبت الأحدية الجلالية بقهرها على الحضرات ومظاهر الأسماء والتجلَّيات وأمم الأنبياء وأرباب الرسالات ، فإذا شفعتها بفرديّتها . انضاف الفردي المحمدي إلى الفرد العبداني المستهلك تحت قهر الأحدية الجلالية بقهرها على الحضرات ومظاهر الأسماء والتجليات وأمم الأنبياء وأرباب الرسالات فإذا شفعتها بفرديّتها ، انضاف الفرد المحمدي إلى الفرد العبداني المستهلك تحت قهر الأحدية ، حصلت الشفعية فشفعه الوتر ، وهو أرحم الراحمين . فكان الشفع بالوتر فردا موجبا لظهور الفتحية ، ففتح الرحمن باب الشفاعة ، فشفع كلّ اسم في عالمه وكلّ نبيّ في أمّته . قال رضي الله عنه

the relation of the prophets and messengers to him. For he is the saint-messenger-prophet, and the Seal of the saints is the inheriting saint (al-walī al-wārith), the one who takes from God, the witness of the ranks (marātib), and he is one good deed among the good deeds of the Seal of the Messengers, Muḥammad—God bless him and grant him peace—the foremost of the assembly, and the master of the children of Adam in the opening of the door of intercession (shafāʿa).] The servant—may God assist him through it—said: Know that the Muḥammadan sainthood (al-walāya al-Muḥammadiyya), which is the niche (mishkāt) of the Seal of the saints, is that from which the matter (mādda) of all the forms of sainthood derives, branching out in the prophets of the communities and their messengers, and in the saints in general and in particular, and in the elite of the elite, and the purest of the elite of the elite—inasmuch as prophethood never lacks a sainthood which is its nonmanifest (bāṭin) aspect; and inasmuch as [these] are forms of the relations of the comprehensive, perfective, unitary Muḥammadan divine sainthood, at the level of differentiation, from the aforementioned niche—so that through it the matter attains to the whole. Thus his relation, in taking from God through the Muḥammadan inheritance of the comprehensive, unitary (aḥadī), perfective sainthood together with Muḥammad—God bless him and grant him peace—is like the relation of the prophets and messengers in taking their prophethoods and messages from God through the Muḥammadan Reality, as was established just above. This is the language of the folk of tasting (ahl al-dhawq) in general concerning this station. A secret for the elite (khawāṣṣ): When the Seal of the saints became entified (taʿayyana) in the sealing of the special Muḥammadan sainthood, and his niche, specific to him, was the special, Muḥammadan, divine, perfective, sealing, unitary, comprehensive sainthood—just as the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, became entified in the seal of the encompassing, perfective, divine, legislative prophethood, which is the niche specific to him, God bless him and grant him peace—and since all the prophethoods are consequent upon the acts of sainthood, being but forms of the rulings of the rulings of the acts of sainthood—there appeared to him the relation of the Seal of the Messengers to the seal of sainthood: namely, that his prophethood, God bless him and grant him peace, is the manifest (ẓāhir) aspect of the niche of the seal of sainthood, while sainthood is that which is specific to him—like the relation of the rest of the messengers in taking their prophethoods from the niche of the Sealing Messenger, and their sainthood from the niche of the special Muḥammadan Seal of sainthood. So understand, God willing. From him, God bless him and grant him peace, comes the apportioning of the provisions of the sciences, tastings, stations, states, and character-traits, all of them: whatever of these pertains to prophethood and is specific to messengerhood, God conveys it from this Muḥammadan niche to all the prophets and messengers, during their existence in their configurations (nashaʾāt) and after their departure in their intermediate realms (barāzikh). And whatever pertains to sainthood, and is realized through the Seal of the Muḥammadan saints, God effuses it from the niche of the Seal of the saints upon the rest of the Muḥammadan saints—who are the prophets of the saints—and upon the saints of the prophets and messengers. So understand. Let not the lateness of his elemental, sealing form veil you, for the Seal must be last in respect of his individual form, while he has an eternal, inaugural (fātiḥī) form that precedes the whole in reality and in rank. So understand and remember—God is the Inspirer. And know that the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, combines prophethood, messengerhood, sainthood, and vicegerency (khilāfa); so he is the Prophet, the Messenger, the Seal. Likewise his most perfect heir, the Seal of the Muḥammadan saints, is one good deed among the good deeds of the Seal of the Messengers, since [the latter] gathered for him his inheritance in the perfective sealing, and singled him out from among the spirits of the saints for his complete, unitary, comprehensive locus of manifestation within the nonmanifest aspect of the sealing, Muḥammadan, divine Form. Yet he, God bless him and grant him peace, is the foremost of the assembly of the perfect ones (kummal) in the sphere of prophethood and the sphere of sainthood, and he is the master of the children of Adam. For the comprehensive, unitary, perfective Reality in the Muḥammadan divine Form is that which intercedes for the individual instances (fardiyyāt) of the Presences of the [Divine] Names, when the majestic unicity (al-aḥadiyya al-jalāliyya) overwhelms, by its subjugating power, the Presences, the loci of manifestation of the Names and self-disclosures, the communities of the prophets, and the lords of the messages. When it makes them even (shafaʿa) through its individuality (fardiyya), the Muḥammadan individual is joined to the servant-individual (al-fard al-ʿabdānī) consumed beneath the subjugation of unitary majesty, by its subjugating power over the Presences, the loci of manifestation of the Names and self-disclosures, the communities of the prophets, and the lords of the messages. When it makes them even through its individuality, the Muḥammadan individual is joined to the servant-individual consumed beneath the subjugation of unicity, and pairedness (shafʿiyya) is thereby obtained—so the Odd (al-Witr) makes even the pairing, and He is the Most Merciful of the merciful. Thus the pairing (shafʿ) through the Odd (witr) became an individual necessitating the appearance of the opening (fatḥiyya); so the All-Merciful opened the door of intercession (shafāʿa), and every Name interceded in its world, and every prophet in his community. He—may God be pleased with him—said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته نسبته مع الخاتم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه، فإنه الولي الرسول النبي، وخاتم الأولياء الولي الوارث الآخذ عن الأصل المشاهد للمراتب﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

استعمل (مع) في الموضعين بمعنى (إلى). ولما ذكر أن المرسلين من حيث كونهم أولياء، لا يرون ما يرون إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء. وكان يمكن أن يتوهم أن هذا المعنى في حق غير خاتم الرسل من الرسل، صرح هاهنا أن نسبته، أيضا، إلى خاتم الولاية نسبة غيره من الأنبياء، ولا تفاضل لأنه صاحب هذه المرتبة في الباطن والخاتم مظهرها في الظاهر. وينكشف هذا المقام لمن انكشف له أن للروح المحمدي، صلوات الله وسلامه عليه، مظاهر في العالم بصورة الأنبياء والأولياء. وذكر الشيخ رضي الله عنه في آخر الباب الرابع عشر من الفتوحات: (ولهذا الروح المحمدي، عليه السلام، مظاهر في العالم. وأكمل مظاهره في قطب الزمان وفي الأفراد وفي خاتم الولاية المحمدية وختم الولاية العامة الذي هو عيسى، عليه السلام، وهو المعبر عنه بمسكنه). ولا ينبغي أن يحمل هذا الكلام على التناسخ، فإنه ليس مخصوصا بالبعض دون البعض و هذا مخصوص بالكمل. وسيأتي تقريره مشبعا في آخر هذا الفص. إنشاء الله تعالى. واعلم، أن الولاية تنقسم بالمطلقة والمقيدة، أي العامة والخاصة. لأنها من حيث هي هي صفة الهية مطلقة، ومن حيث استنادها إلى الأنبياء والأولياء مقيدة، والمقيد متقوم بالمطلق، والمطلق ظاهر في المقيد. فولاية الأنبياء والأولياء كلهم جزئيات الولاية المطلقة، كما أن نبوة الأنبياء جزئيات النبوة المطلقة. فإذا علمت هذه، فاعلم أن مراد الشيخرضي الله عنه من ولاية خاتم الرسل ولايته المقيدة الشخصية. ولا شك أن هذه الولاية نسبتها مع الولاية المطلقة كنسبة نبوة سائر الأنبياء إلى نبوته المطلقة

He used [the preposition] "maʿa" in both instances in the sense of "ilā" ("toward"/"in relation to"). Since he had mentioned that the messengers, insofar as they are saints, see nothing except from the niche of the Seal of the saints — and since it might be imagined that this meaning applies only to messengers other than the Seal of the Messengers — he made explicit here that his relation, too, to the Seal of sainthood is like the relation of the other prophets, with no superiority [of one over the other], because he [the Seal of the Messengers] is the possessor of this rank in the nonmanifest (bāṭin), while the Seal [of the saints] is its locus of manifestation (maẓhar) in the manifest (ẓāhir). This station is unveiled to whoever has had it unveiled to him that the Muhammadan Spirit, God's blessings and peace be upon him, has loci of manifestation in the world in the form of the prophets and saints. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, mentioned at the end of the fourteenth chapter of the Futūḥāt: "This Muhammadan Spirit, upon him peace, has loci of manifestation in the world. The most complete of its loci of manifestation are in the Pole of the Age, in the Singular Ones (al-afrād), in the Seal of Muhammadan sainthood, and in the seal of general sainthood, who is Jesus, upon him peace, who is referred to as his dwelling-place." This statement should not be construed as reincarnation (tanāsukh), for it is not specific to some rather than others — rather, this is specific to the perfect ones (al-kummal). Its full elaboration will come at the end of this Faṣṣ, God Most High willing. Know that sainthood (walāya) is divided into the absolute (muṭlaqa) and the restricted (muqayyada), i.e., the general and the particular. For insofar as it is what it is, it is an absolute divine attribute; and insofar as it is ascribed to the prophets and saints, it is restricted. The restricted subsists through the absolute, and the absolute is manifest within the restricted. Thus the sainthood of all the prophets and saints consists of particulars of absolute sainthood, just as the prophethood of the prophets consists of particulars of absolute prophethood. Once you know this, know that what the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, means by the sainthood of the Seal of the Messengers is his particular, individual, restricted sainthood. There is no doubt that the relation of this sainthood to absolute sainthood is like the relation of the prophethood of the rest of the prophets to his [i.e., Muḥammad's] absolute prophethood.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته لنسبته مع الختم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه، فإنه الولى الرسول النبي. وخاتم الأولياء الولى الوارث الآخذ عن الأصل المشاهد للمراتب﴾

قلت: مراده ، رضي الله عنه، أيض ظاهر من كلامه فلا حاجة إلى شرحه إلا مشافهة قوله

relation to him as the prophets and messengers [have to him], for he is the saint, the messenger, the prophet. And the Seal of the Saints is the saint, the heir, who takes from the root (aṣl), witnessing the ranks (marātib).] I say: His meaning, God be pleased with him, is likewise clear from his words, so there is no need to explain it except orally. His words:

Ibn Turka

﴿فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته نسبته مع الختم للولاية نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه ، فإنّه الولي الرسول النبي ، وخاتم الأولياء الوليّ﴾

بذاته ( الوارث ) مرتبة الرسالة والنبوّة منه

by his essence—the inheritor (wārith) of the rank of messengership and prophethood from him

Jāmī

﴿فخاتم الرسل من حيث ولايته﴾

المقيدة الشخصية

— the restricted, individual [sainthood]

Words 6–9 · 1 of 7

نِسْبَتُهُ معَ الخَتْمِ لِلوِلَايَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿نسبته مع الختم للولاية﴾

من حيث إنه مظهر لحقيقة ولايته الخاصة أو المطلقة

in respect of his being a locus of manifestation (maẓhar) for the reality of his sainthood, whether specific or absolute

Jāmī

﴿مثل نسبة الأنبياء والرسل معه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي مع متابعة خاتم الولاية فكما أن الرسل يرون ما يرون من مشكاته كذلك خاتم الرسل يرى ما يرى من مشكاته التي هي مشكاته في الحقيقة وإنما يصح أن يرى خاتم الرسل ما يرى من خاتم الولاية. (فإنه)، أي خاتم الرسل (الولي) باعتبار باطنه (الرسول) باعتبار تبليغ الأحكام والشرائع (النبي) باعتبار الإنباء عن الغيوب والتعريفات الإلهية ولكن بواسطة الملك

that is, to the following of the Seal of Sainthood. For just as the messengers see what they see from his niche, likewise the Seal of the Messengers sees what he sees from his niche — which is in reality his own niche. It is only valid that the Seal of the Messengers sees what he sees from the Seal of Sainthood because he — that is, the Seal of the Messengers — is (the saint) with respect to his inward aspect (bāṭin), (the messenger) with respect to conveying rulings and laws, (the prophet) with respect to announcing the unseen and divine disclosures, but by the mediation of the angel

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإنه الولى﴾

باعتبار الباطن ( والرسول ) باعتبار تبليغ الأحكام والشرائع ( النبي ) باعتبار الأنباء من الغيوب والتعريفات الإلهية

in respect of the nonmanifest (bāṭin); (and the messenger) in respect of conveying the rulings and the laws; (the prophet) in respect of the tidings (anbāʾ) from the unseen and the divine notifications.

Bālī Zāde

﴿الولي الرسول النبي وخاتم الأولياء الولي الوارث الأخذ عن الأصل المشاهد للمراتب﴾

فكانت ولايته مقدمة على ولاية ختم الرسل كما تقدمت على ولاية سائر الأنبياء. ولما توهم من ظاهر كلامه أفضلية ختم الولاية على ختم النبوة دفع هذا التوهم بقوله (وهو) أي خاتم الأولياء (حسنة) أي أعلى مرتبة

So his [the Seal of the saints'] sainthood took precedence over the sainthood of the Seal of the messengers, just as it took precedence over the sainthood of the rest of the prophets. And since it might be imagined, from the outward sense of his words, that the sealhood of sainthood is superior to the sealhood of prophecy, he removed this misapprehension by saying (and he) i.e., the Seal of the saints (is a good quality/merit) i.e., a high rank

al-Qāshānī

﴿وخاتم الأولياء الولى﴾

باعتبار الباطن ، فباطنه باطن خاتم الرسل ، فإنه لو لم يكمل في الولاية لم يكن خاتم الرسالة ( الوارث ) من خاتم الرسالة شرائعه وأحكامه

in respect of the nonmanifest (bāṭin), for his nonmanifest reality is the nonmanifest reality of the Seal of the messengers—for had he not attained perfection in sainthood, he would not be the Seal of the Messengership—(the heir), inheriting from the Seal of the Messengership its laws and rulings.

Jāmī

﴿وخاتم الأولياء الولي﴾

باعتبار باطنه (الوارث) بحكم الرسل في شرائعه وأحكامه. فالوراثة فيه بمنزلة الرسالة

with respect to his inward aspect, (the inheritor) by the ruling of the messengers in their laws and rulings — so inheritance in him stands in the place of messengership

al-Qāshānī

﴿الآخذ عن الأصل﴾

بلا واسطة كما ورد في حق النبي " فَأَوْحى إِلى عَبْدِه ما أَوْحى " أي بلا واسطة

without intermediary, as it came concerning the Prophet: 'So He revealed to His servant what He revealed,' that is, without intermediary.

Ibn Turka

﴿الآخذ عن الأصل … المشاهد للمراتب﴾

بأطوارها . وهذان الخاصّتان هما المتمثلتان في رؤيا اللبنتين بصورتيهما كما عرفت . وإذ قد ظهر أنّ خواصّ ختم الأولياء كلَّها الأسرار الخفيّة والحقائق المعنويّة - لا غير - وهي إنّما تتحقّق في ضمن الصور الكائنة التي هي من أوضاع خاتم الرسل وخواصّ أطوارها ، بل الخاتم نفسه منها ، ضرورة أنّه من الصور التي أشار إليها بضروب من الإشارات والدلالات ، إلى ذلك أشار بقوله

in their phases (aṭwār). These two special properties are what are represented in the vision of the two bricks (al-labinatayn) in their two forms, as you have come to know. And since it has become clear that all the special properties of the Seal of Saints are the hidden secrets and the spiritual realities—nothing else—and these are only realized within the existent forms that belong to the establishments of the Seal of Messengers and the special properties of his phases—indeed the Seal himself is among them, of necessity, for he is among the forms to which [the Seal of Messengers] pointed by various kinds of indications and signs—to that he alluded by his saying

Jāmī

﴿الأخذ عن الأصل﴾

بلا واسطة فيصح أن يأخذ منه من يأخذ بواسعة

without intermediary, so it is valid for one who takes with an intermediary to take from him

al-Qāshānī

﴿المشاهد للمراتب﴾

فإنه يفرق الكل ويعطيهم ويفيض عليهم بوسائط وغير وسائط

for he distinguishes them all, and gives to them, and pours forth effusion (fayḍ) upon them, whether with intermediaries or without intermediaries.

Jāmī

﴿المشاهد للمراتب﴾

العارف باستحقاقات أصحابها ليعطي كل %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، مقدم الجماعة وسيد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة . فعين حالا خاصا وما عمم. وفي هذا الحال الخاص تقدم على الأسماء الإلهية ، فإن الرحمن ما يشفع عند المنتم في أهل البلاء إلا بعد شفاعة الشافعين، ففاز محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاص من فهم المراتب والمقامات لم يعسره قبول مثل هذا الكلام. شرح الجامي : ذي حق حقه (وهو)، أي خاتم الولاية مع رفعة شأنه كما ذكرنا

knowing the entitlements of those who possess them, so as to give each —[Text of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam:] and this is one of the excellences (ḥasana) among the excellences of the Seal of the Messengers Muḥammad (God bless him and grant him peace), leader of the assembly and master of the children of Adam in the opening of the gate of intercession. So he specified a particular state and did not generalize. And in this particular state he takes precedence over the Divine Names, for al-Raḥmān does not intercede with al-Muntaqim on behalf of the people of affliction except after the intercession of the intercessors. Thus Muḥammad (God bless him and grant him peace) attained mastery in this special station. Whoever understands the ranks and stations will not find such speech difficult to accept. Jāmī's commentary: giving each possessor of a right his right, (and this) — that is, the Seal of Sainthood, despite his elevated rank as we have mentioned —

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل محمد صلى الله عليه وسلَّم مقدم الجماعة﴾

لأنه عليه الصلاة والسلام ما دام ظاهرا بالشريعة في مقام الرسالة لم تظهر ولايته بالأحدية الذاتية الجامعة للأسماء كلها ليوفى اسم الهادي حقه . فبقيت هذه الحسنة أعنى ولايته باطنة حتى يظهر في مظهرا الخاتم للولاية الوارث منه ظاهر النبوة وباطن الولاية . فتحقق من هذا أن محمدا عليه الصلاة والسلام مقدم جماعة الأنبياء والأولياء حقيقة

Because he, upon him blessing and peace, as long as he was manifest with the Law in the station of Messengership, his sainthood did not manifest by the essential Oneness (aḥadiyya dhātiyya) comprehending all the names, so that the name 'the Guide' (al-Hādī) might be given its full due. So this excellent quality—namely his sainthood—remained nonmanifest, until it manifests in the locus of manifestation of the Seal of sainthood, the heir from him of the outward aspect of prophethood and the nonmanifest aspect of sainthood. It is thus verified from this that Muḥammad, upon him blessing and peace, is the foremost of the company of the prophets and the saints in reality.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم، مقدم الجماعة وسيد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة﴾

أي، الخاتم للولاية هو صورة درجة من الدرجات وحسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل ومظهر من مظاهرها. وتلك الحسنة هي التي تسمى بالوسيلة أعلى مراتب الجنان. وهو المقام المحمود الموعود للنبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم

That is, the Seal of sainthood is the form of one of the degrees and a merit among the merits of the Seal of the Messengers, and a locus of manifestation among its loci of manifestation. That merit is what is called "the Means" (al-Wasīla), the highest of the ranks of the Gardens. It is the Praiseworthy Station (al-maqām al-maḥmūd) promised to the Prophet, God's blessings and peace be upon him.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل، محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، مقدم الجماعة وسيد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة. فعین حالا خاصا ما عمم.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: يعني أنه وإن تأخر وجوده الطيني إلى ما بعد انتقال رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فهو من أمته فهو إذن حسنة من حسناته والشيخ، رضي الله عنه، هنا ذكر أن السيادة الحاصلة له، عليه السلام، على ولد آدم ليس إلا في فتح باب الشفاعة، لا مطلقا لأن ظاهر الحديث يدل على ما قال، فهي سيادة خاصة عنده لا عامة قوله رضي الله عنه: وفي هذا الحال الخاص تقدم على الأسماء الإلهية، فإن الرحمن ما شفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلا بعد شفاعة الشافعين." قوله: " ففاز محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاص، فمن فهم المراتب والمقامات لم يعسر عليه قبول مثل هذا الكلام." قلت: يعني أن الذي يتولى أهل البلاء من الأسماء الإلهية إنما هو الاسم المنتقم، فالشفاعة إنما تكون عنده وقد ورد في الحديث النبوي: أنه تعالى شفع الأنبياء وشفع غيرهم ممن ذكر في الحديث , وبقي شفاعة أرحم الراحمين فيخرج بها من النار من في قلبه مثقال حبة من الخير. فإذن الرحمن شفاعته متأخرة وهو من أكمل الأسماء الإلهية، فتقدم عليه شفاعة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقد تقدمت شفاعته بهذا الاعتبار شفاعة الأسماء الإلهية. وقوله: فمن فهم المراتب إلى آخره". يعني بالمراتب مراتب الأولياء ومراتب خاتمهم ومراتب النبوة وأين محلها من مراتب خاتم النبيين وأعم من هذا فإن المراتب تشمل الموجودات كلها وغير الموجودات من الممكنات. وقوله رضي الله عنه: وأما المنح الأسمائية: فاعلم أن منح الله تعالى خلقه رحمة منه بهم، وهي كلها من الأسماء. فإما رحمة خالصة كالطيب من الرزق اللذيذ في الدنيا الخالص يوم القيامة، ويعطى ذلك الاسم الرحمن. فهو عطاء رحمانی. " وقوله: "وإما رحمة ممتزجة كشرب الدواء الكره الذي يعقب شربة الراحة، وهو عطاء إلهي لا يمكن إطلاق عطائه منه من غير أن يكون على يدي سادن من سدنة الأسماء. فتارة يعطي الله العبد على يدي الرحمن فيخلص العطاء من الشوب الذي لا يلائم الطبع في الوقت أولا ولا بنيل الغرض وما أشبه ذلك." وقوله رضي الله عنه: "وتارة يعطى الله على يدي الواسع فيعم، أو على يدي الحكيم فينظر في الأصلح في الوقت، أو على يدي الواهب فيعطي، الينعم لا يكون مع الوهاب تكليف المعطى له بعوض على ذلك من شكر أو عمل، أو على يدي الجبار فينظر في الموطن وما يستحقه، أو على يدي الغفار فينظر إلى المحل وما هو عليه، فإن كان على حال يستحق العقوبة، فيستره عنها، أو على حال لا يستحق العقوبة فيستره عن حال يستحق العقوبة، فيسمى معصوما ومعتني به ومحفوظا وغير ذلك مما شاكل هذا النوع." قوله رضي الله عنه: "والمعطي هو الله من حيث ما هو خازن لما عنده في خزائنه فما يخرجه إلا بقدر معلوم على يدي اسم خاص بذلك الأمر. ف وأعطى كل شيء خلقه (طه: 50) على يدي الاسم العدل وإخواته. وأسماء الله وإن كانت لا تتناهي لأنها تعلم بما يكون عنها وما يكون عنها غير متناه وإن كانت ترجع إلى أصول متناهية هي أمهات الأسماء أو حضرات الأسماء." وقوله: "وعلى الحقيقة فما ثم إلا حقيقة واحدة تقيل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات التي بکنی عنها بالأسماء الإلهية." قلت: هذا الكلام واضح وحاصله أن المنح كلها رحمة، فما كانت منها لا مشقة تصحبه فهو من حقيقة الاسم الرحمن بلا واسطة اسم آخر وأما ما كان معه ممازجة بنوع مما لا يلائم الطبع. فهو بواسطة اسم إلهي يناسب ذلك وهنا مجال واسع لمن أراد أن يشرح بعض أمثلة هذه المنح عند نسبة كل منها إلى الاسم الذي هي على يده و بواسطته. فالمنح كلها رحمة وإن امتزجت ببعض المؤلمات، فتلك الممازجة هي كما مثل الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، من أن شرب الدواء رحمة وإن كان تناوله يكرهه الطبع. والضابط لمعرفة مراتب أمثلة ما ذكرا أن يرى تلك المنحة الواحدة مثلا فينسبها إلى أليق ما يكون من الأسماء بها مثل أن ينسب النجاة من المكروه الذي كنت تحاذره مثلا إلى الاسم الواقي. وينسب الخلاص من مشقة سفر تهت فيه عن الطريق ثم ظفرت بالهداية إليها إلى الاسم الهادي. وينسب ما تجده من الخوف الشديد من جبار حضرت عنده فقابلك باللطف إلى الاسم اللطيف، وهذا أمر غير مستصعب عليك. فتأمل معناه فهو سهل. وقد زاده الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، بيانا فيما أنا ذاكره من كلامه وهو قوله رضي الله عنه : (والحقيقة تعطى أن يكون لكل اسم يظهر إلى ما لا يتناهى، حقيقة يتميز بها عن اسم آخر، تلك الحقيقة التي بها يتميز هي الاسم عينه لا ما يقع فيه الاشتراك، كما أن الأعطيات تتميز كل أعطية عن غيرها بشخصيتها، وإن كانت من أصل واحد، فمعلوم أن هذه ما هي هذه الأخرى، وسبب ذلك تميز الأسماء." قوله رضي الله عنه

is one of the good deeds (ḥasanāt) of the Seal of the Messengers, Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace, the foremost of the assembly and the master of the children of Adam in opening the gate of intercession (shafāʿa). Thus he specified a particular state and did not generalize.] I say: He means that even though his clay existence came after the passing (intiqāl) of the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, he is nonetheless of his community, and is thus one of his good deeds. The Shaykh, God be pleased with him, mentions here that the mastery (siyāda) attained by him, peace be upon him, over the children of Adam is only in [the matter of] opening the gate of intercession, not absolutely, for the apparent sense of the ḥadīth indicates what he said; so in his view it is a specific mastery, not a general one. His words, God be pleased with him: 'And in this particular state he takes precedence over the divine names, for al-Raḥmān [the All-Merciful] does not intercede with al-Muntaqim [the Avenger] on behalf of the people of tribulation except after the intercession of the [other] intercessors.' His words: 'Thus Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace, attained mastery in this particular station; and whoever understands the ranks and stations will not find it difficult to accept such a statement.' I say: He means that the one among the divine names who has charge of the people of tribulation is [only] the name al-Muntaqim [the Avenger]; intercession therefore occurs with him [i.e., is directed to him]. It has come in the prophetic ḥadīth that God, the Exalted, permitted the prophets to intercede, and permitted others mentioned in the ḥadīth to intercede, and there remained the intercession of the Most Merciful of the Merciful, by which whoever has in his heart the weight of a grain of good is brought out of the Fire. Thus the intercession of al-Raḥmān comes last, though he is among the most complete of the divine names; yet the intercession of Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace, takes precedence over it — so in this respect his intercession precedes the intercession of the divine names. And his words, 'whoever understands the ranks,' to the end — by 'the ranks' he means the ranks of the saints, the rank of their Seal, the ranks of prophethood, and where its place is relative to the ranks of the Seal of the Prophets; and more generally than this, for the ranks encompass all existents and the non-existent among the possibles (mumkināt). And his words, God be pleased with him: 'As for the grants pertaining to the names (al-minaḥ al-asmāʾiyya): know that God's grants to His creatures are a mercy from Him toward them, and they are all from the names. [A grant] may be pure mercy, like the good, pleasant provision in this world, [which becomes] purely [good] on the Day of Resurrection; this is given by the name al-Raḥmān, and is thus a "Raḥmānī" gift.' And his words: 'Or [a grant] may be a mingled mercy, like the drinking of a distasteful medicine which is followed by a drink of relief; and this is a divine gift, whose bestowal cannot occur except at the hands of one of the custodians (sadana) of the [divine] names. Thus at times God gives to the servant at the hands of al-Raḥmān, so that the gift is purified of any admixture unsuited to nature, either at the outset, or in the attainment of the aim, and the like.' And his words, God be pleased with him: 'And at times God gives at the hands of al-Wāsiʿ [the All-Embracing], so it is general; or at the hands of al-Ḥakīm [the Wise], who looks to what is most fitting for the moment; or at the hands of al-Wahhāb [the Bestower], who gives — for with al-Wahhāb there is, with the gift, no obligation placed upon the recipient of a return, whether of thanks or of work; or at the hands of al-Jabbār [the Compeller], who looks to the situation and what it merits; or at the hands of al-Ghaffār [the Forgiving], who looks to the locus (maḥall) and its condition — so if it is in a state that deserves punishment, He conceals it from that [punishment]; or if it is in a state that does not deserve punishment, He shields it from [entering] a state that would deserve punishment; and [the recipient] is thereupon named "preserved" (maʿṣūm), "one cared for," "protected," and other such [names] of this kind.' His words, God be pleased with him: 'And the Giver is God, in respect of His being the Treasurer of what is with Him in His treasuries; He brings it forth only in a known measure, at the hands of a name particular to that matter. Thus, "He gave everything its creation" (Q. Ṭā Hā 20:50), at the hands of the name al-ʿAdl [the Just] and its kindred names. And the names of God, though they are without end — for they are known by what proceeds from them, and what proceeds from them is without end — nevertheless revert to finite roots, which are the mother-names (ummahāt al-asmāʾ) or the presences of the names (ḥaḍarāt al-asmāʾ).' And his words: 'In reality, there is nothing but a single reality that receives all these relations (nisab) and ascriptions (iḍāfāt) which are designated by the divine names.' I say: This statement is clear, and its upshot is that all grants are mercy. Whatever among them is not accompanied by hardship belongs to the reality of the name al-Raḥmān without the mediation of another name; and whatever is accompanied by an admixture of something unsuited to nature occurs through the mediation of a divine name appropriate to it. Here there is wide scope for one who wishes to explain some examples of these grants, in ascribing each of them to the name at whose hand and through whose mediation it occurs. So all grants are mercy, even if mingled with some pains; and that admixture is as the Shaykh, God be pleased with him, exemplified: that the drinking of medicine is a mercy even though its taking is distasteful to nature. And the rule for knowing the ranks of examples of what has been mentioned is that one should regard that single grant, for instance, and ascribe it to the most fitting of the names for it — as one ascribes deliverance from the disliked thing you used to fear, for example, to the name al-Wāqī [the Protector]. And one ascribes deliverance from the hardship of a journey in which you lost the way, and then attained guidance to it, to the name al-Hādī [the Guide]. And one ascribes what you find of intense fear before a compelling authority (jabbār) in whose presence you stood, who then met you with gentleness, to the name al-Laṭīf [the Subtle, Gentle]. This is not something difficult for you; reflect upon its meaning, for it is easy. The Shaykh, God be pleased with him, has further clarified this in what I shall now cite of his words, namely his saying, God be pleased with him: 'And the reality (ḥaqīqa) requires that every name, manifesting without end, have a reality by which it is distinguished from another name; that reality by which it is distinguished is the name itself, not that in which there is commonality. Just as gifts (aʿṭiyāt) are each distinguished from another by its individuality (shakhṣiyya), even though they proceed from a single root — for it is known that this gift is not that other one — and the cause of that is the distinctness of the names.' His words, God be pleased with him:

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم﴾

وإلى ذلك يحمل ما سأل في قوله تعالى : " رَبَّنا آتِنا في الدُّنْيا حَسَنَةً وَفي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً " ، فإنّ المراد ب « حسنة الآخرة » هو ختم الولاية ، كما أنّ حسنة الدنيا هو ختم النبوّة . سيادة خاتم الرسل صلَّى الله عليه وآله وشفاعته ثمّ إنّ أمر الصورة وظهور أحكامها إنّما يتحقّق أو يمكن عند نفوذ حكم سلطان الجمعيّة في متفرقات الموادّ المتخالفة والأسماء المتقابلة ، وكشف كل منها عن أفعالها الضارّة وأحكامها المنتقمة ، ولذلك وصف خاتم الرسل بقوله

and upon that is to be construed what he asked for in His saying, Most High: "Our Lord, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter" (Rabbanā ātinā fī al-dunyā ḥasanatan wa fī al-ākhirati ḥasana), for what is meant by "the good of the Hereafter" is the Sealing of Sainthood, just as the good of this world is the Sealing of Prophethood. The Headship (siyāda) of the Seal of Messengers, God bless him and his family and give him peace, and his intercession. Then the matter of the form and the manifestation of its properties is only realized or made possible when the ruling of the sultan of comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya) takes effect over the scattered, divergent materials and the opposing names, and each of them is unveiled from its harmful acts and vengeful rulings. For that reason the Seal of Messengers was described by his saying

Jāmī

﴿حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل صلى الله عليه وسلم مقدم الجماعة﴾

ومظهر من مظاهر ولايته الخاصية أو المطلقة، لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم حين كان ظاهرا بالشريعة في مقام الرسالة لم تظهر ولايته بالأحدية الذاتية الجامعة الأسماء كلها ليوفي الاسم الهادي حقه. فبقيت هذه الحسنة أعني ولاية باطنه حتى تظهر في مظهر الخاتم للولاية الوارث منه ظاهر النبوة و باطن الولاية فإن للروح المحمدي مظاهر في العالم بصورة الأنبياء والأولياء ذكر الشيخ رضي الله عنه في آخر الباب الرابع عشر من الفتوحات أن للروح المحمدي مظاهر في العالم وأكمل مظاهره في قطب الزمان وفي الأفراد وفي ختم الولاية المحمدية وختم الولاية العامة الذي هو عیسى علیه السلام

and a locus of manifestation among the loci of manifestation of his special or absolute sainthood. For he (God bless him and grant him peace), when he was manifest with the Law in the station of messengership, his sainthood by the essential, comprehensive Oneness embracing all the Names did not become manifest, so as to give the Name al-Hādī its due. So this excellence — I mean the sainthood of his inward aspect — remained until it should appear in the locus of manifestation of the Seal of Sainthood, the inheritor from him: outwardly prophecy, inwardly sainthood. For the Muḥammadan Spirit has loci of manifestation in the world in the form of the prophets and saints. The Shaykh — God be pleased with him — mentioned at the end of the fourteenth chapter of al-Futūḥāt that the Muḥammadan Spirit has loci of manifestation in the world, and the most perfect of his loci of manifestation are in the Pole of the Age (quṭb al-zamān), in the Singular Ones (al-afrād), in the Seal of Muḥammadan Sainthood, and in the Seal of General Sainthood, who is Jesus, peace be upon him

Words 29–33 · 1 of 7

مِنْ حَسَناتِ خاتَمِ الرُّسُلِ مُحَمَّدٍ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿من حسنات خاتم الرسل محمد﴾

عليه السلام أي من مراتبه العالية، فكانت ختمیته ومشكاتيته من ختم الرسل لأن العلم الذي يأخذ عن الله تعالى في السر ويعطى ختم الرسل لا يأخذ إلا بولاية منشعبة من ولاية ختم الرسل . وفي التحقيق يأخذ عن الله بسببه ويعطى إليه بسببه فكان تقدمه في هذا الوجه تقدم الجزء على الكل فلا فضل على ختم الرسل بأي وجه كان كما قلنا لك من قبل

— peace be upon him — i.e., among his exalted ranks. So his [the Seal of the saints'] sealhood and niche-relation derive from the Seal of the messengers, for the knowledge which he takes from God, Exalted, in secret, and which is given [also] to the Seal of the messengers, he takes only through a sainthood branching from the sainthood of the Seal of the messengers. In verified truth, he takes from God by his [the Prophet's] mediation, and it is given to him by his mediation; so his precedence in this respect is the precedence of the part over the whole, and there is no superiority over the Seal of the messengers in any respect whatsoever, as we have told you before.

Ibn Turka

﴿مقدّم الجماعة وسيّد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة﴾

فإنّ في قدمه مرابط نظام متفرقات أعيان العالم وأشتات الأسماع ، وبيده مقاليد خزائن كمالها ، بمحافظتها عن الانقهار تحت أحكام مقابلاتها ومعانداتها وهو المعبّر عنه بالشفاعة ، إذ الشفاعة لغة هي الانضمام إلى الآخر ناصرا له وسائلا عنه وأكثر ما يستعمل في انضمام من هو أعلى مرتبة إلى من هو أدنى ، ويمكن أن يستشعر من الشفاعة هذه معاني أخر ينبّه إليها إن شاء الله تعالى في غير هذا المجال . ولمّا كان سيادته ليست على إطلاقها قيّد ذلك

for in his precedence lie the tethering-points of the order of the scattered entities (aʿyān) of the world and the divergent names, and in his hand are the keys of the treasuries of its perfection, through his safeguarding them from being overwhelmed under the rulings of their opposites and adversaries—and this is what is expressed as intercession (shafāʿa), since intercession linguistically is the joining with another, aiding him and interceding on his behalf, and it is used most often for the joining of one who is higher in rank to one who is lower. And it is possible to perceive other meanings from this intercession, which will be pointed out, God willing, elsewhere. And since his headship is not absolute in scope, that was qualified by

Bālī Zāde

﴿مقدم الجماعة﴾

أي جماعة الأنبياء والأولياء كله

i.e., the entire assembly of the prophets and saints

al-Qāshānī

﴿وسيد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة فعين حالا خاصا ما عمم﴾

أي قيد سيادته بفتح باب الشفاعة لأن الله تعالى ما أعطى هذه الخاصية أحدا دونه . ( وفي هذه الحال الخاص ) أي بهذه الخاصية

That is, he restricted his mastery to the opening of the gate of intercession, because God, Exalted is He, did not give this special quality to anyone other than him. (And in this particular state) that is, by this special quality—

Jāmī

﴿وسيد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة﴾

في سيادته ثم بين حقيقة شفاعته عليه السلام بقوله (فعین) محمد عليه السلام (بشفاعته) العامة حالا خاصا . وهو فتح باب الشفاعة فإنه لا يشاركه فيها أحد كما ورد في الخبر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هو أول من يفتح باب الشفاعة فيشفع في الخلق ثم الأنبياء ثم الأولياء ثم المؤمنين وآخر من يشفع. هو أرحم الراحمين . "عن أبي هريرة قال قال رسول الله : أنا سيد ولد آدم يوم القيامة وأول من ينشق عنه القبر وأول شافع وأول مشفع." رواه الإمام مسلم فى صحيحة

in his mastery. Then he clarified the reality of his intercession, peace be upon him, by his statement (so he specified) Muḥammad, peace be upon him, (by his) general (intercession) a particular state — namely, the opening of the gate of intercession, for none shares with him in it, as reported in the ḥadīth that the Messenger of God (God bless him and grant him peace) is the first to open the gate of intercession, interceding for creation, then the prophets, then the saints, then the believers, and the last to intercede is the Most Merciful of the merciful. 'On the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: the Messenger of God said: I am the master of the children of Adam on the Day of Resurrection, the first for whom the grave splits open, the first intercessor, and the first whose intercession is accepted.' Related by Imām Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ

Bālī Zāde

﴿وسيد ولد آدم في فتح باب الشفاعة﴾

يوم القيامة. (فعین) محمد عليه السلام وهو تقدمه على جميع أولاد آدم باعتبار وجوده الشخصي

on the Day of Resurrection. (So it was specified for) Muḥammad, peace be upon him — namely, his precedence over all the children of Adam by consideration of his individual existence

al-Jandī

﴿فعيّن حالا خاصّا ما عمّم . وفي هذا الحال الخاصّ تقدّم على الأسماء الإلهية ، فإنّ الرحمن ما شفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلَّا بعد شفاعة الشافعين ، ففاز محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاصّ فمن فهم المراتب والمقامات ، لم يعسر عليه قبول مثل هذا الكلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد أيّده الله به : لمّا كانت الشفاعة في إنقاذ أهل البلاء والجهد أوّلا للمرتبة الأحدية الجمعية الكمالية بفتح باب الرحمة في الإيجاد ، فشفعت الحقيقة المحمدية الجمعية الأحدية حقائق القوابل الأفراد بالتجلَّي الرحماني . فقرن بها الوجود ، فشفعت بأحدية جمعها وفردانيّتها بين القابل والتجلَّي ، فأنقذت الحقائق من ظلمة العدم ، فيظهر سرّ ذلك آخرا بشفاعته صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم لأهل المحشر . فيشفع أوّلا للشفعاء من الأسماء الإلهية والأنبياء ، حتّى يشفّعوا ، فيشفعوا في عوالمهم وأممهم ومتعلَّقات خواطرهم وهممهم ، فله في هذا المقام الخاصّ سيادة على الكلّ . بإنقاذ مظاهرهم عن الذلّ ، وذلك سلطنة أسماء القهر والجلال ، ك « القاهر » و « المنتقم » و « المعذّب » ، إذا ظهرت في الدنيا والآخرة ، بطنت سلطنة أسماء اللطف والجمال . فلم يظهر لها حكم إلى أن تنقضي سلطنة أسماء العذاب ، وحينئذ أظهرت الحقيقة المحمدية الإنعامية الكلَّية من خزائنها الأحدية الجمعية حقائق اللطف والجنان ، والعفو والإحسان ، فشفعت بأحدية جمعها فردية الرحيم الرحمن ، فزهرت يفاع بقاع الجنان ، أزهار رياض الفردوس بالحور والقصور والولدان. وأظهرت سرّ قوله : « سبقت رحمتي غضبي » ففاضت الرحمة وغاضت النقمة " وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَقِيلَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّه ِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ" . قال رضي الله عنه : « وأمّا المنح الأسمائية فاعلم : أنّ منح الله تعالى خلقه رحمة منه بهم ، وهي كلَّها من الأسماء . فإمّا رحمة خالصة كالطَّيب من الرزق اللذيذ في الدنيا ، الخالص يوم القيامة ، ويعطي ذلك ، الاسم الرحمن فهو عطاء رحماني ، وإمّا رحمة ممتزجة كشرب الدواء الكرية الذي بعقب شربه الراحة ، وهو عطاء إلهي ، فإنّ العطاء الإلهي لا يمكن إطلاق عطائه منه من غير أن يكون على يدي سادن من سدنة الأسماء ، فتارة يعطي الله العبد على يدي الرحمن ، فيخلص العطاء من الشوب الذي لا يلائم الطبع في الوقت أولا ينيل الغرض وما أشبه ذلك وتارة يعطي الله على يدي « الواسع » فيعمّ ، أو على يدي « الحكيم » فينظر في الأصلح في الوقت ، أو على يدي « الواهب » فيعطي لينعم ، لا ليكون مع الواهب تكليف المعطى له بعوض على ذلك من شكر أو عمل ، أو على يدي " الجبّار " فينظر في الموطن وما يستحقّه أو على يدي « الغفّار » فينظر في المحلّ وما هو عليه ، فإن كان على حال يستحقّ العقوبة فيستره عنها ، أو على حال لا يستحقّ العقوبة فيستره عن حال يستحقّ العقوبة فيسمّى معصوما ومعتنى به ومحفوظا وغير ذلك ممّا شاكل هذا النوع وأشباه ذلك " قال العبد أيّده الله به : « له » تمليك الرقبة ، والمنحة : تمليك الانتفاع دون الرقبة ، كمن يعطى الناقة لتحلب أو لتركب ، أو الأرض لتزرع ، والأغلب فيها المدّة المعيّنة ثم الاسترداد ، وهي لا تكون إلَّا من حضرات الأسماء ، وهي رحمات متخصّصة بحسب خصوص الحضرات ، ومتخصّصة بموجب الاستعدادات . ثم العطايا والمنح إن كانت من حضرة أحدية الجمع الإلهية ، فهي ذاتية أي من ذات اللاهوت ، ولا يتمكَّن إطلاق عطاياها من حيث هي هي من غير أن يكون التجلَّي الإلهي الأحدى الجملي الذاتي من خصوص حضرة من حضرات الأسماء . فإن كان التجلَّي من حضرة الرحمن ، خلصت عطايا الله من الشوب والكدر ، وعمّت الدنيا والآخرة والظاهر والباطن ، وإن كان من حضرة الواسع ، عمّ ظاهر المعطى له وباطنه وروحه وطبيعته وغير ذلك ، وتمّت نعمته سابغة في عافية ورفاهية ، وكذلك تكون عطايا الله ممتزجة منصبغة بحكم الحضرة المتجلَّي منها ، فإنّ الحكيم ينظر في الأصلح والأنسب. كما قد فصّل الشيخ رضي الله عنه خصوصيات الحضرات ، فلا حاجة إلى سنديّة الاسم " الله " و "الرحمن" . و « المعصوم » و « المحفوظ » هو العبد الذي يحول « العاصم » و « الغفّار » و « الحافظ » و « الواقي » بينه وبين ما لا يرضاه من الذنوب . و « المعتنى به » أعمّ من المحفوظ والمعصوم ، فقد يكون المعتنى به من لا تضرّه الذنوب ، ويقلَّب المحبّة الإلهية ، والاعتناء الربّاني غيّر سيّئاته حسنات ، ثم المعصوم يختصّ في العرف الشرعي بالأنبياء ، والمحفوظ بالأولياء . قال رضي الله عنه : « والمعطي هو الله من حيث ما هو خازن لما عنده في خزائنه ». أي من حيث إنّ ذلك الاسم خازن لما عنده من خزائن الاسم الله " فما يخرجه إلَّا بقدر معلوم " أي بقدر ما تستدعي قابلية المعطى له ويستأهل من خزائنة ، فما يخرج إليه إلَّا بقدر ذلك المعلوم . " على يدي اسم خاصّ بذلك الأمر . ف

The servant—may God assist him—said: Since intercession for the rescue of the people of tribulation and hardship belongs first to the Single Comprehensive Perfective Rank (al-martaba al-aḥadiyya al-jamʿiyya al-kamāliyya) through the opening of the gate of mercy in origination, the Muḥammadan Comprehensive Single Reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-Muḥammadiyya al-jamʿiyya al-aḥadiyya) interceded for the realities of the individual receptacles through the Merciful self-disclosure (al-tajallī al-raḥmānī). Existence was coupled with it, so it interceded, by the singleness of its comprehensiveness and its individuality, between the receptacle and the self-disclosure, and rescued the realities from the darkness of nonexistence. The secret of this will appear afterward in his intercession, may God bless him and grant him peace, for the people of the Gathering. He will first intercede with the intercessors among the divine Names and the prophets, so that they may be granted permission to intercede, and then they will intercede for their worlds and their communities and the objects of their thoughts and concerns. So in this particular station he has mastery over all, by rescuing their loci of manifestation from abasement. That is the dominion of the Names of severity and majesty—such as 'the Vanquisher' (al-Qāhir), 'the Avenger' (al-Muntaqim), and 'the Tormentor' (al-Muʿadhdhib)—when they appear in this world and the next; while the dominion of the Names of gentleness and beauty remains hidden, having no manifest rule until the dominion of the Names of torment has run its course. Then the all-encompassing beneficent Muḥammadan Reality will bring forth from its single comprehensive treasuries the realities of gentleness and gardens, pardon and beneficence. So it will intercede, by the singleness of its comprehensiveness, for the individuality of al-Raḥīm and al-Raḥmān, and the elevated tracts of the Gardens will bloom with the blossoms of the meadows of Paradise—with the houris, the palaces, and the youths. And the secret of His saying, 'My mercy precedes My wrath,' will become manifest, so mercy will overflow and vengeance will recede: 'And judgment will be rendered between them in truth, and it will be said: Praise belongs to God, Lord of the worlds.' He, may God be pleased with him, said: 'As for the nominal grants (al-minaḥ al-asmāʾiyya), know that God's grants to His creatures are a mercy from Him toward them, and they are all from the Names. Either it is a pure mercy, like the good, delicious sustenance in this world—pure on the Day of Resurrection—which is bestowed by the Name al-Raḥmān, so it is a Merciful giving (ʿaṭāʾ raḥmānī); or it is a mixed mercy, like the drinking of a bitter medicine after which comes relief, and this is a Divine giving (ʿaṭāʾ ilāhī). For the Divine giving cannot be dispensed except at the hands of a custodian from among the custodians of the Names. Sometimes God gives the servant at the hands of al-Raḥmān, so the giving is purified of any admixture unsuited to the nature at the time, or of failing to attain the intended purpose, and the like; and sometimes God gives at the hands of al-Wāsiʿ (the All-Encompassing), so it becomes general; or at the hands of al-Ḥakīm (the Wise), so He considers what is most fitting at the time; or at the hands of al-Wāhib (the Bestower), so He gives in order to bestow favor, without the Bestower imposing on the recipient any obligation of gratitude or deed in return; or at the hands of al-Jabbār (the Compeller), so He considers the situation and what it merits; or at the hands of al-Ghaffār (the Forgiver), so He considers the locus and its condition—if it is in a state that merits punishment, He conceals it therefrom, or if it is in a state that does not merit punishment, He shields it from a state that would merit punishment—so it is called 'protected' (maʿṣūm), 'cared for' (muʿtanan bih), 'preserved' (maḥfūẓ), and other similar designations of this kind.' The servant—may God assist him—said: 'His' (lahu) denotes ownership of the very substance, while 'grant' (minḥa) denotes ownership of the usufruct without the substance—like one who is given a she-camel to milk or ride, or land to cultivate—and predominantly this is for a specified period, after which it is reclaimed. This occurs only from the presences of the Names, and these are mercies specified according to the particularity of the presences, and specified according to the requirements of the preparednesses (istiʿdādāt). Then, as for the givings and grants: if they proceed from the Presence of the Divine Single Comprehensiveness (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ al-ilāhiyya), they are Essential—that is, from the Essence of the Godhead (dhāt al-lāhūt)—and it is not possible for their giving to be dispensed as such except through a Single Comprehensive Essential Divine self-disclosure proceeding from a particular presence among the presences of the Names. If the self-disclosure is from the Presence of al-Raḥmān, God's givings become purified of admixture and turbidity, and encompass this world and the next, the manifest and the nonmanifest. If it is from the Presence of al-Wāsiʿ, it encompasses the manifest and nonmanifest of the recipient, his spirit and his nature and so forth, and his blessing is complete and overflowing in well-being and ease. Likewise, God's givings become mixed and colored according to the ruling of the presence from which the self-disclosure proceeds, for al-Ḥakīm considers what is most fitting and suitable—just as the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, has detailed the particularities of the presences, so there is no need for the mediating function of the Name 'Allāh' and 'al-Raḥmān' [to be further explained here]. As for 'the protected' (al-maʿṣūm) and 'the preserved' (al-maḥfūẓ)—these are the servant whom al-ʿĀṣim (the Protector), al-Ghaffār, al-Ḥāfiẓ, and al-Wāqī (the Guardian) shield from what He does not approve of among sins. 'The cared for' (al-muʿtanā bih) is more general than 'the preserved' and 'the protected,' for the one cared for may be someone whom sins do not harm, and the Divine love and Lordly care transform his evil deeds into good deeds. Then 'the protected' is specifically applied, in juristic usage, to the prophets, while 'the preserved' applies to the saints.' He, may God be pleased with him, said: 'And the Giver is God insofar as He is the treasurer of what is with Him in His treasuries'—that is, insofar as that Name is the treasurer of what is with Him from the treasuries of the Name 'Allāh'—'so He brings it forth only in a known measure' (that is, in the measure that the receptivity of the recipient calls for and merits from His treasuries; so it is brought forth to him only according to that known measure) 'at the hands of a Name specific to that matter. So—'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فعين حالا خاصا، ما عمم﴾

أي، عين أن سيادته، عليه السلام، وكونه مقدما على الجماعة، من حيث تعينه الشخصي في حال الشفاعة يوم القيامة. و

That is, he specified that his mastership, upon him peace, and his being foremost over the assembly, is in respect of his individual determination (taʿayyun) in the state of intercession on the Day of Resurrection.

Ibn Turka

﴿فعيّن حالا خاصّا﴾

وهو فتح باب الشفاعة

namely, the opening of the gate of intercession

Bālī Zāde

﴿حالا خاصا … ما عمم﴾

إذ التعميم لا يكون إلا بحقيقة الكلية فلا يلزم منه تقدمه في جميع الأمور

since generalization occurs only through the reality of universality; so it does not follow from this that he has precedence in all matters

Words 50–51 · 3 of 7

ما عَمَّمَ

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ما عمم﴾

ليلزم تقدمه، صلى الله عليه وسلم، في جميع الأمور والأحوال الجزئية والكلية، لذلك قال: "أنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم"

so that it would not necessarily follow that his precedence, God's blessings and peace be upon him, applies in all matters and states, whether particular or universal. Hence he said: "You know better the affairs of your worldly life."

Ibn Turka

﴿ما عمّم ، وفي هذا الحال الخاصّ تقدّم على … الأسماء الإلهيّة﴾

على ما ورد في الحديث إنّ رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم هو أوّل من يفتح باب الشفاعة فيشفع في الخلق ، ثمّ الأنبياء ، ثمّ الأولياء ، ثمّ المؤمنون ، وآخر من يشفع هو أرحم الراحمين ، فإنّ محمّدا هو أوّل من فتح باب الشفاعة في إتمام نظام صور الخلق ، بانضمامه إليهم ، ووضع أحكامها الكماليّة لهم كما سبق ثمّ الأنبياء على اختلاف طبقاتهم في إحاطة أحكامهم لتلك الصور ، ثمّ الأولياء الوارثين لهم ، ثمّ المؤمنين المجتهدين لتلك الأحكام الارتباطيّة والمقلَّدين من الحكَّام والقضاة . ولا يخفى أنّ هذه الشفاعة مختصّة بمكلفي بني آدم من العالمين ، وما بقي من ذلك يكون تحت شفاعة أرحم الراحمين ، فالمنهمكون في فيافي الكفر وظلمات الضلالة أمر شفاعتهم قد اختصّ بالرحمن

according to what is related in the hadith that the Messenger of God, God bless him and give him peace, is the first to open the gate of intercession, interceding for creation, then the prophets, then the saints, then the believers, and the last to intercede is the Most Merciful of the merciful (arḥam al-rāḥimīn). For Muḥammad is the first who opened the gate of intercession in completing the order of the forms of creation, by his joining with them and establishing the perfecting rulings for them, as preceded; then the prophets, according to the differing levels of their rulings' comprehensiveness over those forms; then the saints who inherit from them; then the striving believers regarding those relational rulings, and those who are followed among the rulers and judges. It is not hidden that this intercession is specific to the morally responsible ones among the children of Adam, among all the worlds; and what remains beyond that falls under the intercession of the Most Merciful of the merciful. So those immersed in the wastelands of unbelief and the darknesses of error—the matter of their intercession is specific to the All-Merciful (al-Raḥmān)

Jāmī

﴿ما عمم﴾

في سيادته بأن تكون له السيادة في الأحوال كلها

his mastery, such that mastery would belong to him in all states

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وفي هذا الحال الخاص﴾

أي حال الشفاعة

i.e., the state of intercession

Jāmī

﴿وفي هذا الحال الخاص﴾

يعني الشفاعة

meaning intercession

Bālī Zāde

﴿وفي هذا الحال الخاص تقدم على الأسماء الإلهية فإن الرحمن ما شفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلا بعد شفاعة الشافعين ففاز محمد عليه السلام بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاص﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو معظم الأمور مع أنه لا يلزم منه فضل محمد على الرحمن لأن فوزه بهذه السيادة لا يكون إلا من الرحمن . وإنما يلزم ذلك أن لو كان ذلك الحال حاصلا له من غير احتياج إلى الرحمن وهو ممتنع

intercessors; so Muḥammad, peace be upon him, attained mastery in this particular station] which is the greatest of matters — though it does not follow from this that Muḥammad is superior to al-Raḥmān, since his attainment of this mastery comes only from al-Raḥmān. That would only follow if this state were attained by him without need of al-Raḥmān, and that is impossible.

al-Qāshānī

﴿تقدم على الأسماء الإلهية﴾

التي يشارك فيها سائر الأنبياء والأولياء . ثم علل تقدمه على الكل بهذه الخاصية بقوله

in which the rest of the prophets and saints share. Then he explained the reason for his precedence over all by this special quality, by his saying—

al-Qayṣarī

﴿تقدم على الأسماء الإلهية، فإن الرحمن ما شفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلا بعد شفاعة الشافعين، ففاز محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم، بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاص﴾

وهو مقام الشفاعة

the intercessors — so Muḥammad, God's blessings and peace be upon him, attained mastership in this particular station] which is the station of intercession.

Jāmī

﴿تقدم على الأسماء الإلهية﴾

أيضا كما تقدم على مظاهرها

as well, just as he takes precedence over their loci of manifestation

Words 58–59 · 1 of 7

الأَسْماءِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿الأسماء الإلهية﴾

al-Qayṣarī · line 5194English translation pending

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإن الرحمن ما يشفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلا بعد شفاعة الشافعين﴾

لأنه عليه الصلاة والسلام رحمة للعالمين ولو كانت رحمته رحيمية فقط لكانت مختصة بالمؤمنين كما وصفه بقوله " بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ " ولما شملت الكل . كما قال: " وما أَرْسَلْناكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِلْعالَمِينَ " كان مظهر اسمه الرحمن واسم الرحمن شامل لجميع الأسماء لا فرق بينه وبين الله كما قال تعالى : " قُلِ ادْعُوا الله أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمنَ أَيًّا ما تَدْعُوا فَلَه الأَسْماءُ الْحُسْنى " إلا أن اسم الله قد يطلق على الذات الأحدية لا باعتبار الأسماء كقوله " الله أَحَدٌ " وهو لا ينافي كونه مع جميع الأسماء . وإذا كان شاملا لا يتصف به إلا بعد الانصاف بجميعها ، فلا يشفع عند المنتقم إلا بعد شفاعة الأسماء الأخر . فإن المنتقم القهار إذا كان انتقامه يسكن بالرؤف الرحيم لا يحتاج إلى شفاعة الرحمن ، أما إذا كان قهرا بليغا تاما لا يقبل صاحبه شفاعة سائر الأسماء شفع الرحمن الذي يسع رحمته جميع الأسماء حتى القهار والمنتقم . فلو لم تكن الرحمة الرحمانية بالإيجاد لم يوجد القهر والغضب والانتقام ، فظهرت سلطنة الرحمن على الكل . فينجو بشفاعته آخرا أهل الجهد والبلاء من الذل والعذاب كما نجى الجميع أولا بجوده وإحسانه من ظلمة العدم . ولهذا قال :" ادخرت شفاعتى لأهل الكبائر من أمتى " فافهم . وشاهد سيادته للكل

intercessors] because he, upon him be prayer and peace, is a mercy to all the worlds; and if his mercy were only the mercy of the Merciful (raḥīmiyya) it would be restricted to the believers, as He described him by His saying "Compassionate and merciful to the believers," and it would not encompass all. But since He said, "And We sent you not except as a mercy to all the worlds," he was the locus of manifestation of His name the All-Merciful (al-Raḥmān), and the name al-Raḥmān is all-encompassing of all the [other] names — there is no difference between it and [the name] Allah, as He, Exalted, said: "Say: Call upon Allah or call upon al-Raḥmān; whichever you call upon, to Him belong the most beautiful names." Except that the name Allah may sometimes be applied to the Unitary Essence (al-dhāt al-aḥadiyya) without regard to the [other] names, as in His saying "Allah is One," which does not negate its being together with all the [other] names. And since it is all-encompassing, one cannot be qualified by it except after being qualified by all of them; so it [al-Raḥmān] does not intercede with the Avenger except after the intercession of the other names. For the Avenging, Overpowering [name], if its vengeance is quieted by the Compassionate, the Merciful, has no need of the intercession of al-Raḥmān; but when the overpowering is thoroughgoing and complete, such that its possessor accepts no intercession from the rest of the names, then al-Raḥmān intercedes, whose mercy encompasses all the names, even the Overpowering and the Avenger. For had the mercy of al-Raḥmān not been at the [level of] bringing-into-existence, overpowering, wrath, and vengeance would not have come into existence; thus the sovereignty of al-Raḥmān is manifest over all. So by his intercession, the people of striving and tribulation are ultimately delivered from abasement and punishment, just as all were first delivered by his generosity and beneficence from the darkness of nonexistence. This is why he said: "I have reserved my intercession for the people of grave sins among my community." So understand. And witness his [Muḥammad's] mastery (siyāda) over all.

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّ الرحمن ما شفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلَّا بعد شفاعة الشافعين﴾

وهذا مبتن على ما مهّد عندهم من أنّ طلب الأعيان وسؤالهم مقدم على وجود الأسماء وظهور أحكامها

and this is founded upon what was established among them, that the seeking and asking of the entities (aʿyān) precedes the existence of the names and the manifestation of their rulings

Jāmī

﴿فإن الرحمن ما شفع عند المنتقم في أهل البلاء إلا بعد شفاعة الشافعين﴾

الذين تم تظهر شفاعتهم إلا بعد شفاعة خاتم الرسل إياهم ليشفعوا

whose intercession does not become manifest except after the intercession of the Seal of the Messengers on their behalf, that they might intercede

al-Qāshānī

﴿ففاز محمد صلى الله عليه وسلَّم بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاص ، فمن فهم المراتب والمقامات لم يعسر عليه مثل هذا الكلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في هذا المقام الخاص الذي فاز به عليه الصلاة والسلام . قوله

in this special station which he, upon him be prayer and peace, attained. His saying,

Ibn Turka

﴿ففاز محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم بالسيادة في هذا المقام الخاصّ﴾

- لاستيعاب شفاعة عموم الخلائق ، وإن كانوا مخالفين لأحكام نبوّته التشريعيّة - بقوله: " شفاعتي لأهل الكبائر من امّتي " ، وذلك لتقدّمه في المراتب الوجوديّة . ثمّ إنّ اختصاص سيادته صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم بالمقام المذكور ، الساري حكمه في سائر المراتب الوجوديّة والمقامات الشهوديّة لا يخلّ بكماله الأتمّ ، وإليه أشار بقوله

through comprehending the intercession for creation in general, even though they may be opposed to the rulings of his legislative prophethood—by his saying, "My intercession is for the people of grave sins among my community," and that is due to his precedence in the existential ranks. Then, the specificity of his headship, God bless him and give him peace, to the aforementioned station—whose ruling extends through the rest of the existential ranks and the witnessing stations—does not detract from his most complete perfection, and to this he alluded by his saying

Jāmī

﴿ففاز محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بالسيادة﴾

على الأسماء ومظاهرها

over the Names and their loci of manifestation

Words 80–83 · 1 of 7

في هذا المَقامِ الخاصِّ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في هذا المقام الخاص﴾

يعني مقام الشفاعة

meaning the station of intercession

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.