Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶2 in the text

2 · 85 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

والسَّائِلُونَ صِنْفانِ صِنْفٌ بَعَثَهُ على السُّؤالِ الاسْتِعْجالُ الطَّبِيعِيُّ فإنَّ الإنسانَ خُلِقَ عَجُولًا والصِّنْفُ الآخَرُ بَعَثَهُ على السُّؤالِ لَمَّا عَلِمَ أنَّ ثَمَّ أُمُورًا عندَ اللهِ قدْ سَبَقَ العِلْمُ بأنَّها لا تُنالُ إلَّا بَعْدَ سُؤَالٍ فَنَقُولُ فَلَعَلَّ ما نَسْأَلُهُ سُبْحانَهُ يَكونُ مِنْ هذا القَبِيلِ فَسُؤالُهُ احْتِياطٌ لِما هوَ الأَمْرُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الإمْكانِ وهوَ لا يَعْلَمُ ما في عِلْمِ اللهِ ولا ما يُعْطِيهِ اسْتِعْدادُهُ في القَبولِ لأنَّهُ مِنْ أَغْمَضِ المَعْلُوماتِ الوُقوفُ في كُلِّ زَمانٍ فَرْدٍ على اسْتِعْدادِ الشَّخْصِ في ذلكَ الزَّمانِ ولَوْلا ما أَعْطاهُ الاسْتِعْدادُ السُّؤالَ ما سَأَلَ

Those who ask are of two kinds. One kind is prompted to ask by natural haste, for the human being was created hasty [allusion to Q 17:11 and Q 21:37]. The other kind is prompted to ask because he knows that there are matters with God about which [His] knowledge has already determined that they are not attained except after a request. So we say: perhaps what we ask of Him, glory be to Him, is of this sort. His asking is therefore a precaution in view of how the matter stands, namely as possible. He does not know what is in God's knowledge, nor what his preparedness gives [him] in receiving. For among the most obscure of known things is to discern, in each single moment, the preparedness of the individual in that moment. And were it not that preparedness had given him the asking, he would not have asked.

On the whole passage · 3 of 7

al-Qāshānī

﴿والسائلون صنفان : صنف بعثه على السؤال الاستعجال الطبيعي فإن الإنسان خلق عجولا ، والصنف الآخر : بعثه على السؤال لما علم أن ثم أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال ، فيقول فلعل ما نسأله سبحانه يكون من هذا القبيل فسؤاله احتياط لما هو الأمر عليه من الإمكان ، فهو لا يعلم ما في علم الله ولا ما يعطيه استعداد في القبول﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

علمه فاعل بعثه الثاني لدلالة لما علم عليه أي بعثه على السؤال علمه بأن ثم أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال . وفي الكلام تقديم وتأخير كان التقدير والصنف الآخر لما علم أن ثم أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال بعثه علمه على السؤال . والباقي ظاهر

knowledge cannot be attained except after a request. So he says: perhaps what we are asking of Him, glory be to Him, is of this sort—so his request is a precaution regarding what the matter is capable of (imkān), for he does not know what is in God's knowledge nor what his preparedness (istiʿdād) for reception grants him] His knowledge (ʿilmuhu) is the agent of "drove him" (baʿathahu) the second time, as indicated by "having known" preceding it—that is, what drove him to request was his knowledge that there are matters with God foreordained in [divine] knowledge not to be attained except after a request. There is inversion in the wording; the sense would be: "the other type, having known that there are matters with God foreordained in [divine] knowledge not to be attained except after a request—his knowledge drove him to the request." The rest is clear

al-Jandī

﴿والسائلون صنفان : صنف بعثه على السؤال الاستعجال الطبيعي ، فإنّ الإنسان خلق عجولا . والصنف الآخر بعثه على السؤال لما علم أنّ ثمّ أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم بأنّها لا تنال إلَّا بعد السؤال ، فيقول : فلعلّ ما يسأله يكون من هذا القبيل فسؤاله احتياط لما هو الأمر عليه من الإمكان ، وهو لا يعلم ما في علم الله ، ولا ما يعطيه استعداده في القبول ،لأنّه من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : السائلون للعطايا الإلهية سواء كانت ذاتية أو أسمائية ، أو كانوا معيّنين لسؤالاتهم أو غير معيّنين كما ذكر الأمثلة إمّا أن يكونوا غير عالمين بما في علم الله وتقديره من وقوع المسؤول وعدم وقوعه ، وبما هم مستعدّون له في كل زمان فرد من الأزمنة وفي كل آن من الآنات ، أو عالمين بذلك وبما يعطيه استعدادهم . فغير العالمين إمّا أن يكون الباعث لهم على الطلب والسؤال الاستعجال الطبيعيّ أو الاستعداد الحاليّ أو الاحتياط ، مع مجمل العلم بأنّ من الأعطيات الإلهية ما سبق علم الله وقدره أن لا ينال إلَّا بالدعاء إمّا بالنسبة إلى هذا السائل أو بالنسبة إليها في كل سائل . فإن كان الاستعجال الطبيعيّ ، فهو إمّا أن يوافقه الاستعداد الحالي أو لم يوافق ذلك ، فإن وافق ، فلا بدّ من وقوع المسؤول ،وإن لم يوافق ،فقد لا يقع في الحال. وإن كان الباعث الاستعداد الحاليّ والحال الاستعدادي ، فإنّ المسؤول يقع وينال ، سواء تلفّظ بالسؤال أو لا ، فإنّ السنّة الاستعدادات في السؤال لا تتأخّر عنها الإجابة . وإن كان الباعث على الطلب والتلفّظ بالسؤال هو العلم بأنّ من المسؤولات والمطالب ما لا يدرك ولا يعطى إلَّا بعد السؤال ، فهو يسأل ويطلب احتياطا ، فقد يقع عين المسؤول إن كان الاستعداد تامّا ، وإن لم يوافق السؤال الاستعداد . فيلبّي الله له في حال السؤال ، وتتأخّر الإجابة في عين المسؤول ، فإنّ التقدير عدم علم السائل بما في التقدير والاستعداد ، لكنّ الإمكان باق ، فيمكن بالنظر إلى السائل ومبلغ علمه أن يقع ، ويمكن أن لا يقع . وباقتران الاستعداد للسؤال لا يبقى تأخّر ولا إمكان ، بل يجب وقوع عين المسؤول . والوقوف في كل آن من الزمان على استعداد الشخص لا يكون إلَّا للكمّل والندّر من الأفراد فليس لكلّ أحد إدراك استعداده في كل آن ، حتى يسأل ما يستعدّ له في الحال ، فيقع . وقد يكون على حال مستعدّ في زعمه لأمور فيسألها ولا يعلم حقيقة ، بل على وجه الإمكان ، فقد يقع وقد لا يقع ، كما ذكرنا ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

knowledge cannot be attained except after asking, so he says: "Perhaps what I am asking for is of this sort," his asking being a precaution regarding what the matter [in reality] is, given its possibility — for he does not know what is in God's knowledge, nor what his preparedness (istiʿdād) will yield in reception, since among the most obscure of knowable things is ascertaining, at every single moment, a person's preparedness at that moment] The servant said: those who ask for divine gifts, whether essential or nominal, whether specified in their requests or unspecified — as the examples mentioned — are either unaware of what is in God's knowledge and decree regarding the occurrence or non-occurrence of the thing requested, and of what they are prepared for at every single moment among moments and at every instant among instants; or they are aware of that and of what their preparedness yields. As for those who are unaware, what prompts them to petition and ask is either natural impatience, or present preparedness, or precaution — together with a general awareness that among the divine gifts are some which God's knowledge and decree have foreordained will not be attained except through supplication, whether with respect to this particular petitioner or with respect to it in every petitioner. If it is natural impatience [that prompts them], then either it coincides with present preparedness or it does not; if it coincides, the thing requested must necessarily occur; if it does not coincide, it may not occur in the present moment. If what prompts them is present preparedness and the preparedness-state, then the thing requested occurs and is attained, whether or not it is verbally uttered as a request — for it is the established norm (sunna) that the response to preparednesses in asking is not delayed. And if what prompts the petition and the verbal utterance of the request is knowledge that among the things requested and sought are some which are not perceived or granted except after asking, then he asks and seeks as a precaution; the very thing requested may then occur if the preparedness is complete, or the request may not coincide with the preparedness — in which case God responds to him at the moment of asking, but the response is delayed in respect of the actual thing requested, for it is foreordained that the petitioner does not know what is in the decree and the preparedness, yet the possibility remains: so with respect to the petitioner and the extent of his knowledge, it is possible that it occurs, and possible that it does not occur. But once preparedness is conjoined with the asking, there remains no delay and no [mere] possibility — rather, the occurrence of the very thing requested becomes necessary. Ascertaining, at every instant of time, a person's preparedness belongs only to the perfect and the rare among individuals; not everyone can perceive his own preparedness at every instant, so as to ask for what he is prepared for in that moment, and have it occur. He may be, in his own estimation, prepared for certain matters and ask for them without truly knowing [his preparedness], but merely on the basis of possibility — so it may occur and it may not occur, as we have mentioned. Understand this. He said, may God be pleased with him:

al-Tilimsānī

﴿والسائلون صنفان صنف بعثه على السؤال الاستعجال الطبيعي فإن الإنسان خلق عجولا. والصنف الأخر بعثه على السؤال لما علم أن ثم أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد السؤال، فيقول: فلعل ما نسأله سبحانه يكون من هذا القبيل، فسؤاله احتياط لما هو الأمر عليه من الإمكان، وهو لا يعلم ما في علم الله ولا ما يعطيه استعداده.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: هذا كله ظاهر من تمثيل الشيخ، رضي الله عنه. قوله: (ولا ما يعطيه استعداده في القبول لأنه من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان. ولولا ما أعطاه الاستعداد السؤال ما سأل. و قوله رضي الله عنه

I say: all of this is evident from the Shaykh's illustration, may God be pleased with him. His saying: ("nor what his preparedness will grant him" in terms of acceptance) is because it is among the most obscure of knowable things to ascertain, at every single moment, the preparedness of the person at that moment. And were it not for what the preparedness grants by way of asking, he would not have asked. And his saying, may God be pleased with him]

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والسائلون صنفان﴾

أي، السائلون بلسان القال مع صرف الهمة إلى المسؤول عنه صنفان. وإنما قلت: (مع صرف الهمة إلى المسؤول عنه) لأن السائلالذي سئل امتثالا لأمر الله، لا طلبا لشئ من الكمالات لعلمه بحصول ما هومستعد له في كل حين، سائل بلسان القال أيضا، لكن إتيانا بحكم

i.e., those who ask with the tongue of speech, while directing their aspiration (himma) toward what is asked for, are of two kinds. I said "while directing their aspiration toward what is asked for" because the one who asks merely in compliance with God's command, not seeking any of the perfections, since he knows that what he is prepared for will occur at every moment — such a one is also an asker with the tongue of speech, but only in fulfillment of the ruling of

Ibn Turka

﴿صنفان : صنف بعثه على السؤال الاستعجال الطبيعي، فإن الإنسان ځلق عجولا﴾

وذلك لأن من شأن الطبيعة وطين قابليتها اللازب أن يلتصق بما يستشعر فيه كماله عاجلا. المبين

This is because it is the nature of the tenacious clay of his receptivity to cling to whatever it senses will bring it swift perfection. The manifest

Jāmī

﴿صنفان صنف بعثه على السؤال الاستعجال الطبيعي فإن الإنسان خلق عجولا﴾

فهو إما أن يوافقه الاستعداد الحالي فيقع، وإما أن لا برافقه فلا يتع

- either his present preparedness (al-istiʿdād al-ḥālī) accords with it, in which case it occurs, or it does not accord with it, in which case it does not occur

Bālī Zāde

﴿صنفان صنف بعثه على السؤال﴾

أي سبب طلبه العطایا قبل حلول أوانه

i.e., the cause of his seeking the gifts before the time of its arrival

al-Qayṣarī

﴿صنف بعثه على السؤال الاستعجال الطبيعي، فإن الإنسان خلق عجولا﴾

أي، يسأل ويطلب الكمال قبل حلول أو انه. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., he asks and seeks the perfection before its time or moment has come. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 7–10 · 1 of 7

الاسْتِعْجالُ الطَّبِيعِيُّ فإنَّ الإنسانَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿الاستعجال الطبيعي … فإن الإنسان خلق عجولا﴾

وهو داخل تحت حكومة طبعه ومحجوب بأمر طبيعية وليس على علم بشيء على ما هو عليه

and he falls under the governance of his nature and is veiled by natural matters, and he has no knowledge of things as they truly are

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والصنف الآخر بعثه على السؤال لما علم أن ثمة أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم … بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فيقول، فلعل ما نسأله سبحانه يكون من هذا القبيل. فسؤاله احتياط لما هو الأمر عليه من الإمكان ) أي، بعثه على السؤال علمه بأن حصول بعض المطالب مشروط بالسؤال والدعاء وإن كان البعض الآخر غير مشروط به، فيقول يمكن أن يكونالمطلوب من قبيل المشروط بالدعاء فيحتاط ويسأل. وإنما أضمر فاعل (بعثه) لأن قوله

, that are attained only after asking] So he says: perhaps what we ask of Him, glory be to Him, is of this sort. His asking is thus a precaution given the possibility inherent in the matter as it stands — that is, what drove him to ask was his knowledge that the attainment of certain objects sought is conditioned upon asking and supplication, even though other objects are not so conditioned; so he says: it is possible that what is sought is of the kind conditioned upon supplication, and so he takes precaution and asks. And the agent of "drove him" is left implicit because his statement

Ibn Turka

﴿والصنف الآخر بعثه على السؤال لما علم أن تم أمورا عند الله قد سبق العلم بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وفي الكلام تقديم وتأخير ، أي

There is a transposition in the wording, that is:

Jāmī

﴿والصنف الآخر بعثه على السؤال … لما علم﴾

بتشديد اللام وحينئذ يكون قوله : بعثه جوابا له بحسب المعنى في حكم المتأخر عنه فيصح إضمار الفاعل فيه وإرجاعه إلى العلم المفهوم من علم. ويكون تقدير الكلام: والصنف الآخر لما علم أن ثمة عند الله أمورة كذا بعثه علمه على سؤال، فلما مع جوابه خبر المبتدأ . وقيل : يحتمل أن يكون بكسر اللام على أنه للتعليل، أي بعثه علمه على السؤال لم علم (أن ثمة أمورا) وفيه إضمار قبل الذكر. قوله

with the lām doubled, in which case his statement 'impelled him' is, in terms of meaning, the apodosis (jawāb) that follows it, so it is valid to leave the agent implicit therein and refer it back to the knowledge (al-ʿilm) understood from 'he knew.' The construction would then be: 'and the other kind, when he knew that there are with God such-and-such matters, his knowledge impelled him to the request' - so lammā together with its apodosis is the predicate of the subject. And it has been said: it is possible that it be with a kasra on the lām [li-mā], functioning causally, meaning: his knowledge impelled him to the request because he knew (that there are matters), there being here an implicit reference (iḍmār) prior to its explicit mention. His statement

Bālī Zāde

﴿والصنف الآخر … بعثه على السؤال … لما علم﴾

وهو مع جوابه خبر المبتدأ (أن ثمة) أي في مقام العطاء (امورا) عطايا حاصلة

this, together with its predicate, is the predicate of the subject (that there are) i.e., in the station of gift-giving, (matters) — gifts that occur

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لما علم﴾

يدل عليه. (وبعثه) جواب (لما) تقديره: والصنف الآخر لما علم أن ثمة أمورا عند الله قد سبقالعلم بأنها لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال، بعثه علمه عليه، أي، بعثه على السؤال علمه. فالشرط مع الجزاء خبر المبتدأ. ويجوز أن يقال: لما علم، بكسر اللام على أنهللتعليل. أي، والصنف الآخر بعثه على السؤال علمه لكونه علم أن ثمة أموراعند الله لا تنال إلا بالسؤال. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

indicates it. (And it roused him) is the answer to (when), its meaning being: and the other type, when he knew that there are matters with God which have already been decreed in knowledge such that they are not attained except after asking, his knowledge roused him, that is, his knowledge roused him to ask. So the conditional clause together with its apodosis is the predicate of the subject. It may also be said: 'lammā ʿalima' with the lām vowelled with kasra, functioning as a causal particle. That is, the other type—his knowledge roused him to ask because he knew that there are matters with God not attained except by asking. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿لما علم أن ثم أمورا ، بعثه علمه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهذا الصنف أعلى السائلين المحجوبين مرتبة ، حيث أن الباعث لسؤاله هو العلم ، فلذلك تراه مترقيا من العلم إلى القول. حيث قال

This type is the highest in rank among the veiled requesters, since the impeller to his asking is knowledge; therefore you see him ascending from knowledge to speech, as he said:

Words 23–25 · 2 of 7

عندَ اللهِ قدْ

Jāmī

﴿عند الله﴾

بدل من ثمة ، أي لما علم أن عند الله أمورة

is a substitute (badal) for 'there' (thamma), i.e., when he knew that with God there are matters

Bālī Zāde

﴿عند الله … قد سبق العلم﴾

أي علم الله تعالى

i.e., God's knowledge, Exalted is He

Words 25–27 · 1 of 7

قدْ سَبَقَ العِلْمُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿قد سبق العلم﴾

الإلهي بأنها، أي تلك الأمور

i.e., the divine knowledge, that they, i.e., those matters

Jāmī

﴿لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال﴾

فولی: (فيقول) هذا الصنف

So he: (says) - this kind

Bālī Zāde

﴿بانها لا تنال﴾

أي لا ينال العبد إليه

that is, the servant cannot attain to it

Words 31–33 · 1 of 7

إلَّا بَعْدَ سُؤَالٍ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا بعد سؤال﴾

العبد من الله تعالى (فيقول) أي فيتفكر في قلبه

the servant asking of God, Exalted is He (so he says) that is, so he reflects within his heart

Ibn Turka

﴿فيقول : « فلعل ما نسأله سبحانه يكون من هذا القبيل » ، فسؤاله احتياط لما هو الأمر عليه من الإمكان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إمكان أن يكون مطلوبه مما علق بالسؤال ، وإن لم يعلم ذلك يقينا ، فإن ذلك موقوف على الاطلاع بما في علم الله

that is, the possibility that his object of request is among what is contingent upon asking, even though he does not know this with certainty, for that depends on being apprised of what is in God's knowledge

Jāmī

﴿فلعل ما نسأله﴾

على غير المنصوب. إما للموصول وإما للحق ويدل عليه إردافه بقوله (سبحانه) في كثير من النسخ. وضمير الموصوف محذوف أو ما مصدرية

with [the pronoun] not in the accusative case; it refers either to the relative pronoun (al-mawṣūl) or to the Real (al-Ḥaqq), and this is indicated by its being followed, in many manuscripts, by his saying (glory be to Him). And the pronoun of the qualified (al-mawṣūf) is elided, or mā is a verbal-noun particle (māṣdariyya)

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلعل ما نسأله سبحانه يكون من هذا القبيل﴾

فبعثه هذا العلم على سؤاله فأضمر فاعل بعثه وهو العلم لدلالة المقام عليه (فسؤاله) هذ

so this knowledge occasions his asking — the agent of 'occasions' being suppressed, namely 'knowledge,' the context indicating it — (so his asking) this

Words 39–42 · 1 of 7

يَكونُ مِنْ هذا القَبِيلِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿يكون من هذا القبيل﴾

أي من قبيل ما لا ينال إلا بعد السؤال

i.e., of the sort of that which is not attained except after the request

Jāmī

﴿فسؤاله احتياط لما هو﴾

ضمير مبهم يفسره قوله: (الأمر)، أي المسؤول . وضمير (عليه) للموصول و

an ambiguous pronoun explained by his statement (the matter), i.e., the object of request; and the pronoun (upon it) refers to the relative pronoun (al-mawṣūl), and

Bālī Zāde

﴿احتياط لما هو الأمر عليه من الإمكان﴾

لئلا يفوت الأمر وهو العطاء لفوات شرطه وهو السؤال. (وهو) أي هذا السائل وإن كان يعلم هذا لكن

lest the matter — namely the gift — be missed through the failure of its condition, namely the asking. (And he), i.e., this petitioner, even though he knows this, yet

Words 49–50 · 1 of 7

مِنَ الإمْكانِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿من الإمكان﴾

بيان للموصول، أي سؤاله احتیاط الإمكان أن يكون المسؤول مما لا ينال إلا بعد سؤال. (وهو) من علم إجمالا أن عند الله %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : يعطيه استعداده في القبول، لأنه من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان. و لو لا ما أعطاه الاستعداد السؤال ما سأل. فغاية أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا أن يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه، فإنهم لحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان و أنهم ما قبلوه إلا بالاستعداد. و هم صنفان: صنف يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم، و صنف يعلمون من شرح الجامي : أمورا لا تنال إلا بعد سؤال

an explanation (bayān) of the relative pronoun, i.e., his request is a precaution against the possibility that the object of request be among that which is not attained except after a request. (And he is one) who knows summarily that with God ... %~% Matn of the text of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: his preparedness gives him in the reception, for it is among the most obscure of knowables to ascertain, in every single instant, the preparedness of the individual in that instant. And were it not for what preparedness had granted him, he would not have asked. So the most that the people of presence (ahl al-ḥuḍūr), who do not know the like of this, [attain] is to know it in the time in which they find themselves; for by virtue of their presence they know what the Real has given them in that time, and that they received it only through preparedness. And they are of two kinds: one kind knows their preparedness from their reception, and one kind knows... Jāmī's commentary: matters that are not attained except after a request

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو لا يعلم ما في علم الله ولا ما يعطيه استعداده في القبول﴾

أي، لا يعلمما عين له في علم الله من الكمال، ولا يعلم ما يعطيه استعداده الجزئي في كلوقت، ولا ما هو قابل له فيه

that is, he does not know what perfection has been assigned to him in God's knowledge, nor does he know what his particular preparedness grants him at each moment, nor what he is receptive to therein

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو لا يعلم ما في علم الله ولا ما يعطيه استعداده في القبول﴾

إذ لو علم ذلك لعلم ما في علم الله أيضا ، لأنه تابع له . ولا يبعد الاطلاع على خصوصيات كل استعداد بما يناسبه من الأمور إجمالا للمفترسين ، كالوقوف على قابلية واحد للطب ، والآخر للفقه ، والآخر للحساب وغير ذلك من الصنائع والحرف، إنما الكلام في تفاصيل خصوصیات تلك الاستعدادات بحسب الأزمنة والأوقات ، ومايصلح له في كل حين منه

for if he knew that, he would also know what is in God's knowledge, since the latter follows upon it. It is not improbable, however, that there be an apprisal, in a general way for the discerning, of the particulars of each preparedness insofar as it suits it - such as knowing that one person is disposed toward medicine, another toward jurisprudence, another toward arithmetic, and other crafts and trades. Rather, the discussion concerns the detailed particulars of these preparednesses according to times and occasions, and what suits it in each moment

Jāmī

﴿لا يعلم﴾

تفصيلا (ما) عين

in detail (what) is specified

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا يعلم ما في علم الله﴾

تعالى ولكن لعل أن ما يسأله من قبيل ما عين له في علم الله

Exalted is He; but perhaps what he asks for is of the kind that has been specifically determined for him in God's knowledge

Words 55–57 · 1 of 7

في عِلْمِ اللهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في علم الله﴾

له من تلك الأمور المسؤولة ومن أوقات حصولها (ولا) بعلم أيضا

for him, of those requested matters, and of the times of their occurrence, (nor) does he likewise know

Jāmī

﴿ما يعطيه﴾

ويقتضيه من المسؤولات

and what it necessitates, of the objects requested

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا ما يعطيه استعداده في القبول﴾

أي لا يعلم قبول استعداده ولكن يساله لعله يقبل (لأنه) أي الشان

i.e., he does not know the acceptance of his preparedness, but he asks in the hope that it will be accepted (because it is), i.e., the matter

Words 61–63 · 1 of 7

اسْتِعْدادُهُ في القَبولِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿استعداده في القبول﴾

أي في قبول تلك الأمور، أي لا يعلم مقتضی استعداده في قبولها بأنه، أي أمر من الأمور يقتضي وفي أي زمان يقتضي (لأنه) هذا بحسب الظاهر تعليل للدعوى الثانية . لكنه لما كان العلم بما يعطيه الاستعداد و هو من جملة ما في علم الله متعذرة يلزم منه تعذير العلم بما في علم الله

i.e., in receiving those matters, i.e., he does not know what his preparedness necessitates in receiving them - namely, which matter among the matters it necessitates, and at what time it necessitates it. (For it) - this, on the apparent [reading], is a causal explanation (taʿlīl) of the second claim. But since knowledge of what preparedness grants - which is among the totality of what is in God's knowledge - is impossible, it follows necessarily that knowledge of what is in God's knowledge [likewise] is impossible

al-Qāshānī

﴿لأنه من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان﴾

أي قد يقف الإنسان على استعداده لقبول شيء على الإجمال كما يقف أنه مستعد لقبول علم الفقه أو الطب وأمثال ذلك . وأما وقوفه على استعداده لكل جزئى زمانى كوقوفه على أن الله يرزقه اليوم كذا وغدا كذا فلا سبيل له لقوله تعالى : " وما تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ ما ذا تَكْسِبُ غَداً " اللهم إلا أن يطلعه الله على بعضها . قوله: ( ولو لا ما أعطاه على الاستعداد السؤال ما سأل ) إشارة إلى أن كل ما يجرى على العبد في كل ساعة فهو باستعداد منه يقتضي ذلك الشيء له في ذلك الوقت . حتى أن السؤال أيضا إنما يكون باستعداد منه اقتضى ذلك السؤال في ذلك الوقت وإلا لما أمكنه أن يسأله

that is, a person may know his preparedness for receiving something in a general sense, as he knows he is prepared to receive knowledge of jurisprudence or medicine and the like. But as for his knowing his preparedness for every temporal particular—such as knowing that God will provide him such-and-such today and such-and-such tomorrow—there is no way to this, per His saying, Most High: "No soul knows what it will earn tomorrow," unless God should apprise him of some of it. His words: "(and had it not been for what preparedness grants him, he would not have requested)" indicate that everything that occurs to the servant in every hour occurs through a preparedness in him that requires that thing for him at that time—so much so that the request itself only occurs through a preparedness in him that requires that request at that time; otherwise he could not have made the request

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لأنه من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد … على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان﴾

أي، لأن الشأن أن الوقوف على ما يعطيه استعداد الشخص في كل زمان معين من أغمض المعلومات، إذ الاطلاع عليه موقوف على الاطلاع بما في علم الله تعالى، أو كتبه التي هي نسخ علمه: كالعقل الأول الذي هو (اللوح المحفوظ) والنفس الكلية التي هي (الكتاب المبين) والنفس المنطبعة التي هي (كتاب المحو والإثبات) وإلا لا يمكن أن يقف عليه. كما قال تعالى: "وما تدرى نفس ما ذا تكسب غدا "

that is, for the matter is that ascertaining what a person's preparedness grants him at each specific moment is among the most obscure of knowable things, since gaining insight into it depends upon insight into what is in God the Exalted's knowledge, or His books which are copies of His knowledge: such as the First Intellect, which is the Preserved Tablet (al-lawḥ al-maḥfūẓ), the Universal Soul, which is the Clear Book (al-kitāb al-mubīn), and the Impressed Soul, which is the Book of Effacement and Confirmation (kitāb al-maḥw wa'l-ithbāt); otherwise it is not possible for him to ascertain it. As He, exalted, said: 'And no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow'

Ibn Turka

﴿لأنه من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان﴾

كما للسائل إذا كان من أهل الحضور ، فإنه يعرف مقتضى حاله ( و) أنه

just as the one requesting, if he is among the people of presence (ḥuḍūr), knows what his state requires (and) that

Jāmī

﴿من أغمض المعلومات﴾

أي من أغمض العلم بالمعلومات، ومن العلم بأغمض المعلومات

i.e., among the most obscure of the knowledge of the knowables, and among the knowledge of the most obscure of the knowables

Bālī Zāde

﴿من أغمض المعلومات الوقوف في كل زمان فرد … على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان﴾

فإن ذلك أي العلم بما في علم الله تعالى والوقوف على الاستعداد في كل زمان لا يكون إلا للكمل. فقوله : لأنه تعليل لهم (و) هو وإن كان لا يعلم هذا لكنه يعلم في ذلك الزمان أنه

for this — namely, knowledge of what is in God's knowledge, Exalted is He, and ascertaining the preparedness in each moment — belongs only to the perfect ones (al-kummal). So his saying 'because it is' gives the reason for them. (And) he, even though he does not know this, yet he knows, at that time, that

al-Tilimsānī

﴿في كل زمان فرد﴾

إشارة إلى تنقل الاستعدادات في الزيادة والنقص الواقع في الأزمنة فإن لم يميز الانتقال المذكور فما يتهيأ له أن يعرف الاستعدادات تماما. وقوله

is an allusion to the shifting of preparednesses by way of increase and decrease occurring across moments, for if one does not discern the aforementioned shifting, it will not be possible for him to know the preparednesses fully. And his saying]

Jāmī

﴿الوقوف في كل زمان فرد … على استعداد الشخص في ذلك الزمان الفرد﴾

أي في كل زمان فرد بأن يكون واقفا في كل زمان على ما تحرى عليه في جميع الأزمنة. وذلك لا يتيسر للسائل احتياطا وإلا لم يكن الأمر مبهما عنده بل هو من خواص الكمل الندر من أهل الله ، وذلك السائل المحتاط وإن كان لا يعلم ما في علم الله ولا ما يعطيه استعداده إنما يسأل الإعطاء لإعطاء استعداده السؤال

i.e., in every single instant, by being cognizant in every instant of what is verified of him in all the instants. And this is not made easy for the petitioner who asks as a precaution - otherwise the matter would not be ambiguous to him - rather, it is among the special properties of the rare perfect ones (al-kummal al-nudur) among the people of God (ahl Allāh). And that cautious petitioner, even though he does not know what is in God's knowledge nor what his preparedness grants him, only asks for the giving because his preparedness gives rise to the asking

al-Jandī

﴿ولولا ما أعطاه الاستعداد السؤال ما سأل﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه إلى أنّ السؤال يدلّ على مطلق استعداد للسائل كامن فيه هو الباعث ، فلو اقترن الحال بالاستعداد ، لظهر ، وعدم الاقتران يوجب التأخّر إلى وقت الاقتران . قال رضي الله عنه

He indicates, may God be pleased with him, that the request points to an absolute preparedness latent within the petitioner which is the [real] cause [of the request]; for were the [present] state conjoined with the preparedness, it would manifest [outwardly]; and the absence of such conjunction necessitates a delay until the time of conjunction. He said, may God be pleased with him:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولو لا ما أعطاه الاستعداد السؤال، ما سأل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، وإن كان يعلم إجمالا أنه لو لا طلب استعداده السؤال، ما سأل

that is, even though he knows in summary fashion that were it not for the demand of his preparedness for asking, he would not have asked

Ibn Turka

﴿لولا ما أعطاه الاستعداد السؤال ما سأل ، فغاية أهل الحضور﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

- يعني القاطعين منازل فيافي العلل وبيداء الأسباب ، القادمين من مسالك أهل البعد وأقاصي المقامات

- meaning those who have traversed the stations across the wastelands of causes and the desert of secondary causes, arriving from the paths of the people of distance and the farthest stations -

Jāmī

﴿ولولا ما أعطاه الاستعداد للسؤال ما سأل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولكن لم يكن له علم بذلك الاستعداد قبل السؤال كسائر المسؤولات. فحكم السؤال معه حكم سائر المسؤولات ما في قوله ما أعطاه مصدرية ، أي لولا ما أعطاه الاستعداد السؤال ما سأل

But he had no knowledge of that preparedness prior to the asking, like all other things asked for. So the ruling regarding the asking is with him the same as the ruling regarding all other things asked for. What is meant by his saying "what it gave him" is a maṣdar (verbal noun) construction, i.e., had it not been for the fact that the preparedness gave him the asking, he would not have asked.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لولا ما أعطاه الاستعداد للسؤال ما سأل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولكن لا يعلم ما أعطاه الحق في الزمان الذي يكون فيه ولا يعلم في ذلك الزمان ما يقبل استعداده لعدم حضوره . فبهذا القدر من العلم بالاستعداد يكون من أهل الحضور والمراقبة حتى خلص عن قيد سؤال الاحتياط وهو من أهل الطلب لأن همته متعلقة في حصول مطلوبه لا في امتثال أوامر سيده. فليس له نصيب في معرفة الاستعداد الأعلى الإجمال

but he does not know what the Real has granted him in the time in which he is, nor does he know, in that time, what his preparedness accepts, due to his lack of presence (ḥuḍūr). By this measure of knowledge of preparedness he becomes one of the people of presence and watchfulness (murāqaba), such that he is freed from the constraint of the precautionary asking — yet he remains among the people of seeking (ṭalab), since his aspiration (himma) is attached to the attainment of his sought object, not to compliance with the commands of his Master. So he has no share in the knowledge of the higher preparedness, save in summary fashion

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.