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فَغايَةُ أَهْلِ الحُضُورِ الَّذِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ مِثْلَ هذا أنْ يَعْلَمُوهُ في الزَّمانِ الَّذِي يَكُونُونَ فيهِ فإنَّهُمْ لِحُضُورِهِمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ما أَعْطاهُمُ الحَقُّ في ذلكَ الزَّمانِ وأنَّهُمْ ما قَبِلُوهُ إِلَّا بِالاسْتِعْدادِ وهم صِنْفانِ صِنْفٌ يَعْلَمُونَ مِنْ قَبولِهِمِ اسْتِعْدادَهُم وصِنْفٌ يَعْلَمُونَ مِنْ اسْتِعْدادِهِمْ ما يَقْبَلُونَهُ هذا أَتَمُّ ما يَكونُ في مَعْرِفَةِ الاسْتِعْدادِ في هذا الصِّنْفِ ومِنْ هذا الصِّنْفِ مَنْ يَسْأَلُ لا لِلِاسْتِعْجالِ ولا لِلإِمْكانِ وإنَّما يَسْأَلُ امْتِثالًا لِأَمْرِ اللهِ في قَوْلِهِ تعالى ٱدْعُونِىٓ أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ

So the utmost that the folk of presence who do not know the like of this [can attain] is that they know it in the time in which they are, for, by virtue of their presence, they know what the Real has given them in that time, and that they received it only through preparedness. And they are of two kinds: a kind who know their preparedness from their receiving, and a kind who know from their preparedness what they will receive. This is the most complete that there can be in the knowledge of preparedness within this kind. And among this kind is one who asks neither out of haste nor on account of possibility, but asks only in compliance with God's command in His words (exalted is He): "Call upon Me, and I will respond to you" [Q 40:60].

On the whole passage · 2 of 7

al-Qāshānī

﴿فغاية أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا أن يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه ، فإنهم بحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان ، وأنهم ما قبلوه إلا بالاستعداد وهم صنفان : صنف يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم ، وصنف يعلمون من استعدادهم ما يقبلونه ، هذا أتم ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أهل الحضور مع الله هم الذين يرون كل ما يصل إليهم سواء كان على أيدى العباد أو لا على أيديهم من الله ، ولا يرون غير الله في التأثير ولا في الوجود الذين يعلمون مثل هذا أي أن استعدادهم في كل وقت أي شيء يقبل فإنه لا يسعه إلا علم الله المحيط بكل شيء فغاية علمهم في حضورهم أن يعلموا ما أعطاهم الحق في الزمان الحاضر الذين يكونون فيه ، وإنهم ما قبلوه إلا باستعدادهم الفطري العيني . وهؤلاء صنفان : صنف يعلمون من قبولهم العطاء أنهم كانوا يستعدون له وهم كثير. وصنف يعلمون الاستعداد قبل القبول فيعلمون من استعدادهم أنهم أي شيء يقبلون . وهذا أتم معرفة الاستعداد وهم قليل . ولما قسم العطايا إلى ما يكون عن سؤال وإلى ما يكون عن غير سؤال . وقسم القسم الأول إلى ما يكون عن سؤال في أمر معين وإلى ما يكون عن سؤال في غير معين . ثم قسم السائلين بحسب الباعث على السؤال على قسمين . وفرغ من بيان القسمين قال

in this manner, can attain is to know it in the time in which they are; for through their presence they know what the Real has given them in that time, and that they received it only through preparedness. They are of two types: one type knows their preparedness from their reception, and one type knows what they will receive from their preparedness—this being the most complete state attainable in the knowledge of preparedness in this type] The people of presence with God (ahl al-ḥuḍūr) are those who see everything that reaches them—whether at the hands of servants or not—as from God, seeing no other than God as having effect or existence. Those "who do not know [preparedness] in this manner"—that is, do not know at every moment what thing their preparedness will receive, for this could only be encompassed by God's knowledge which encompasses all things—so the utmost of their knowledge in their presence is to know what the Real has given them in the present time in which they are, and that they received it only through their innate, entitative preparedness (istiʿdādihim al-fiṭrī al-ʿaynī). These are of two types: one type knows from their reception of the gift that they had been prepared for it—and these are many; and one type knows the preparedness before the reception, thus knowing from their preparedness what thing they will receive—and this is the most complete knowledge of preparedness, and these are few. Having divided gifts into those occurring in response to a request and those occurring without a request, and having divided the first category into those in response to a request for something specified and those in response to a request for something unspecified, and then having divided those who make requests according to what motivates the request into two types, and having finished explaining these two types, he says

﴿ومن هذا الصنف من يسأل لا للاستعجال ولا للإمكان وإنم يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله في قوله تعالى : " ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ " فهو العبد المحض وليس لهذا الداعي همة متعلقة فيما يسأل فيه من معين أو غير معين ، وإنما همته في امتثال أوامر سيده ، فإذا اقتضى الحال السؤال سأل عبودية وإذا اقتضى التفويض والسكوت سكت ، فقد ابتلى أيوب وغيره وما سألوه رفع ما ابتلاهم الله به ، ثم اقتضى لهم الحال في زمان آخر أن يسألوا رفع ذلك فرفعه الله عنهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ومن القسم الأول الذي عطاؤه عن السؤال صنف ثالث يسأل لا للاستعجال الطبيعي أي للعجلة التي هي مقتضى الطبيعة البشرية وداعية الهوى النفساني . ولا للإمكان أي لأنه يمكن أن يكون المسئول موقوفا على السؤال بأن الله علقه بسؤال بل سأل الله امتثالا لأمره ، فإن العبد مأمور بالسؤال والدعاء. كما قال تعالى

possibility, but rather requests in compliance with God's command in His saying, Most High: "Call upon Me, I will answer you"—this is the pure servant, and this suppliant has no concern attached to what he requests, whether specified or unspecified; rather his concern is compliance with the commands of his Master. So when the situation calls for a request, he requests out of servanthood (ʿubūdiyya), and when it calls for entrusting [the matter to God] (tafwīḍ) and silence, he is silent. Thus Job and others were tested, and they did not ask for the removal of what God had afflicted them with; then, when the situation later called for them to ask for its removal, they asked, and God removed it from them] That is, among the first category—whose gift comes in response to a request—there is a third type who requests neither out of natural impatience, i.e., the haste that is the demand of human nature and the summons of psychic desire, nor out of [regard for] possibility, i.e., because it is possible that what is requested is contingent upon the request, in that God has linked it to a request—rather he asks God in compliance with His command, for the servant is commanded to ask and supplicate, as He, Most High, said

al-Jandī

﴿أن يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه ، فإنّهم بحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان وأنّهم ما قبلوه إلَّا بالاستعداد . وهم صنفان : صنف يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم ، وصنف يعلمون من استعدادهم ما يقبلونه ، هذا أتمّ ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : من السائلين الذين لا علم لهم بالاستعداد إذ كانوا أهل حضور ومراقبة ، فغايتهم إذا بالغوا في المراقبة واستكملوا مراتب الحضور أن يعلموا في كل آن من الزمان أحوالهم وما يعطيهم الحق من الواردات والتجلَّيات والعلوم والأخلاق ، فإذا تجدّد لهم حال ، وتحقّقوا الحقيقة أخلق إلهي أو أمر كونيّ ؟ أو ورد عليهم وارد ، علموا ذلك ، وعلموا مجملا أنّهم ما قبلوها إلَّا بالاستعداد . وأهل الحضور والمراقبة على صنفين أيضا : صنف لم يكشفوا عن عالم المعاني والأعيان الثابتة ، فهم لا يعلمون استعداداتهم على التفصيل ، بل يعلمونها مجملا من أحوالهم ووارداتهم ، وصنف اقترن بحضورهم ومراقبتهم الكشف عن عوالم الغيب والحضرات العالية ، فعلموا أعيانهم الثابتة في العلم الأزلي الإلهي القائم بذات الحق ، فعلموا استعداداتهم من خصوصياتهم وقابلياتهم الأصلية الأزلية على وجه الإجمال ، ثم بتعيّن الحال يعلمون اقتران ألسنة استعداداتهم بالحضور والسؤال في الحال ، فيقع ما يسألون في الحال أو بعد تأخّر ، والصنف الثاني أكشف من الأوّل . قال رضي الله عنه

The servant said: among the petitioners who have no knowledge of preparedness, being possessors of presence and watchfulness (murāqaba), the utmost they can attain — if they exert themselves fully in watchfulness and perfect the degrees of presence — is that they come to know, at every instant of time, their states and what the Real grants them of incoming [graces] (wāridāt), self-disclosures, forms of knowledge, and character traits. So when a new state arises in them, and they verify the reality — is it a divine character trait or a cosmic matter? — or some incoming [grace] comes upon them, they know it, and they know in a general way that they received it only by virtue of preparedness. The possessors of presence and watchfulness are likewise of two kinds: a kind who have not been unveiled to the world of meanings (maʿānī) and the fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita), so they do not know their preparednesses in detail, but know them only in a general way through their states and incoming [graces]; and a kind whose presence and watchfulness are conjoined with unveiling of the unseen worlds and the higher Presences, so that they come to know their fixed entities as they subsist in the eternal divine knowledge, which subsists through the Essence of the Real — thus they come to know their preparednesses from their original, eternal particularities and receptivities in a general way; then, with the determination (taʿayyun) of the [present] state, they come to know the conjunction of the tongues of their preparednesses with presence and asking in the present moment, so that what they ask for occurs in the present moment or after a delay. This second kind possesses more unveiling than the first. He said, may God be pleased with him:

﴿من يسأل لا للاستعجال ولا للإمكان ، وإنّما يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله في قوله " ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُم" ، فهو العبد المحض . وليس لهذا الداعي همّة متعلَّقة فيما يسأل فيه من معيّن أو غير معيّن ، وإنّما همّته في امتثال أوامر سيّده ، فإذا اقتضى الحال السؤال ، سأل عبودية ، وإذا اقتضى التفويض والسكوت ، سكت . فقد ابتلي أيّوب عليه السّلام وغيره وما سألوا رفع ما ابتلاهم الله به ، ثم اقتضى لهم الحال في زمان آخر أن يسألوا رفع ذلك ، فرفعه الله عنهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : هؤلاء عبيد الله الصدّيقون لا يسألون إذا سألوا معيّنا أو غيره استعجالا طبيعيا ، ولا احتياطا رغبة فيما رغبوا به أعني أهل الاحتياط أن يعطيهم الله ذلك لعلمهم بأن لا ينال ذلك إلَّا بالسؤال . بل سؤالهم امتثال لأمر الله إيّاهم في قوله : "ادْعُونِي " ، حتى أنّ همّتهم غير متعلَّقة بالاستجابة إلَّا إذا كان مراد الله إجابتهم والسؤال . لكنّهم يدعون الله لمّا أمرهم أن يدعوه لا غير ، فإن أجاب يلقوه بالشكر وبما يجب أن يتلقّوه به ، وإن لم يجبهم علموا أنّ المراد هو الدعاء . فإن حصلت الإجابة ، علموا بالحال استعدادهم ، وإن لم يجابوا علموا تأخّر لسان الاستعداد إلى وقت آخر ، فأخّروا السؤال إلى ذلك الوقت وقدمّوه كذلك لوقته في الحال الحاضر. وإن كان القسم الثاني من أهل الاستعداد والعلم به والعلم بالحال من استعداده قد يسأل الله مع علمه باستعداده لما هو أهل له في كل حال امتثالا مع علمه بوقوع المسؤول واقتران الاستعداد الحالي للسؤال . ولكن لا يقصد الإجابة ، ولا يعلَّق همّته بالوقوع ، بل همّته امتثال أوامر الله ونواهيه ، فهو العبد المحض وهذا الصنف أكمل ممّن تقدّمه ، فافهم . وإذا اقتضى الحال السؤال ، وأحسّ أنّ المراد الإلهي هو الدعاء والسؤال ، دعا وسأل عبودية ورقّا وامتثالا ، وإن عرف من استعداده الحالي أنّ الابتلاء تمحيص وتكميل ورضوان من الله ، صبر وفوّض إلى الله وسكت عالما بأنّ الله لا يبقى عليه حكم حضرة القهر والجلال دائما . بل لا بدّ من اضمحلال آثار القهر العرضي في اللطف والرحمة الذاتيين من قوله : « سبقت رحمتي غضبي » فيمن يغضب عليه ، ولا سيّما في حق من سبقت رحمة الله به أزلا بكمال القيام في حقّه ، مثل أيّوب عليه السّلام صبر ولم يسأل رفع الضير عنه ابتداء ، لعلمه بالحال والاستعداد الحالي. وكذلك كلّ محنة وابتلاء يبتلي به الله عباده ليس من باب القهر المحض فإنّها رحمة خاصّة ونعمة في صورة محنة ونقمة ، لا يرغب فيها إلَّا العلماء بمراد الله وعلمه والمطَّلعون على سرّ القدر . فإذا علموا وصول أوان انفصال الضرّاء والبأساء ، وحصول زمان اتّصال الرخاء والسرّاء ، دعووا الله تعالى ، فرفع عنهم الضرّ ، وبدّل لهم باليسر العسر . تبرّيا عن توهّم المقاومة والمقاواة للقهر الإلهي في عدم السؤال والمداواة ، فكانوا في حالتي السؤال وعدم السؤال عباد الله الأدباء الناظرين إلى أمر الله وحكمه بموجب إرادته وعلمه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : " والتعجيل بالمسؤول فيه والإبطاء للقدر المعيّن له عند الله ، فإذا وافق السؤال الوقت أسرع بالإجابة ، وإذا تأخّر الوقت إمّا في الدنيا وإمّا في الآخرة ، تأخّرت الإجابة أي المسؤول فيه ، لا الإجابة التي هي لبّيك من الله . فافهم هذا » . قال العبد : اعلم : أنّ كل سؤال يسأله العبد من الله فلا بدّ وأن يجيبه فيه لا محالة وقد أوجب على نفسه الإجابة بقوله : “ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ “ وأنّه لا أوفى من الله بعهده ووعده ، فإذا دعاه العبد ، أجابه في الحال بلبّيك ، وذلك في مقابلة ما يلبّى العبد إذا دعاه . ولكنّ الله تعالى إذا علم من العبد تأخّر ظهور الاستعداد الحالي عن حصول المسؤول ، بادره الله في الحال بما يعينه على كمال القابلية والاستعداد ، وبعده لقبول تجلَّي الإجابة في عين المسؤول وذلك لعدم موافقة الاستعداد وقت السؤال . فإذا جاء الوقت المقدّر لحصول عين المسؤول ، ووافقه السؤال ، أجيب في الحال ، فالإجابة إذن من أوّل وقت السؤال أيّ سؤال كان ، ومن أيّ سائل كان واجبة الوقوع من الله ، ولكن ظهور حكمها عند السائل بقدر استعداده وقابليّته ، وأوان ظهور حكم الإجابة إنّما هو في إعداده وإمداده تكميل استعداده لظهور المسؤول المأمول . وإذا علم الله من العبد كمال الاستعداد في السؤال بلسانه الحالي والذاتي والاستعدادي قبل سؤاله بلسانه الشخصي ، بعثه على السؤال ، وأجابه في الحال ، فمن لم يعثر على هذا السرّ ظنّ أنّ سؤال بعض العبيد لا تتأخّر عنه الإجابة والبعض غير مجاب. وليس الأمر كما ظنّ ، بل كان دعاء كلّ داع يدعو الله في شيء فإنّه مجاب ، ولكنّ الأمر كما أمر الله تعالى " وَما كانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِآيَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ الله " 38 سورة الرعد . وهو الكمال الثاني والقابلية والاستعداد ، " فَإِذا جاءَ أَمْرُ الله قُضِيَ بِالْحَقِّ وَخَسِرَ هُنالِكَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ " 78 سورة غافر. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : « وأمّا القسم الثاني وهو قولنا : « ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال » فالذي لا يكون عن سؤال فإنّما أريد بالسؤال التلفّظ به ، فإنّه في نفس الأمر لا بدّ من سؤال إمّا باللفظ أو بالحال أو بالاستعداد ، كما أنّه لا يصحّ حمد مطلق قطَّ إلَّا في اللفظ ، وأمّا في المعنى فلا بدّ أن يقيّده الحال ، فالذي يبعثك على حمد الله هو المقيّد لك باسم فعل أو باسم تنزيه . والاستعداد من العبد لا يشعر به صاحبه ، ويشعر بالحال لأنّه يعلم الباعث وهو الحال " . يريد : أنّ عطاء الله لمّا كان فيضا ذاتيا دائميا لا انقطاع له ، ولكن حصوله لأحد ووصوله بالحال من يد أحد إذ وغير ذلك إنّما هو بسؤال لسان الاستعداد . أو بلسان الحال وإن لم يسأل يعني لفظا لأنّ السؤال بلسان الاستعداد. والحال والمرتبة والذات غير دائم الوقوع ، ولهذا تتأخّر الإجابة ، فإذا وافق لسان القول لسان الاستعداد ، سرعت الإجابة ، ولذلك تحصل الأعطيات والمسؤولات بلا سؤال لفظي ، فيظنّ أنّه ليس عن سؤال أصلا ، وليس ذلك كذلك ، فتذكَّر . فالسؤال الذاتي هو أنّ الذوات في ذاتياتها سائلة من الله ، وقابلة منه قيامها بذاته وبقاؤها منه . وأمّا سؤالات ألسنة الاستعدادات فكالذي تتكامل أهليّته وقابليّته لحصول أمر من الله وفيض ، فإنّ ذلك لا يتأخّر أصلا . وسؤال المرتبة كالنبوّة تسأل من الله بما به وفيه قيامها وقوامها من النبيّ الذي بوجوده دوامها . وأمّا سؤال لسان الحال فكالجائع يطلب بجوعه الشبع والعطشان يطلب بعطشه الريّ . وكما أنّ الحمد المطلق غير واقع لتقييد حال الحامد ووصفه ومقامه له حال الحمد وإن أطلق لفظا ، فكذلك العطاء بلا سؤال غير واقع ، فإن لم يكن سؤال لفظي ، ووقعت الإجابة ، ووصلت الصلات والهبات ، وشملت الرحمة والبركة ، فاعلم أنّ الألسنة المذكورة هي التي استدعتها واقتضتها . ولكنّ الاستعداد لا يشعر به صاحبه ، لغموضه ، ويشعر بالحال ، لكون الحال باعثا له على الطلب والسؤال ، فيعلم أنّ لسان حاله هو الباعث له على السؤال باللسان ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه : " والاستعداد أخفى سؤال " . يعني رضي الله عنه : لهذا لا يشعر به صاحبه ، لخفائه وكونه موقوفا على علم القدر المعلوم لأهل الكشف من العلم الإلهي القائم بالحق ، وهو أصعب العلوم وأعزّها منالا ، وأعلاها مثالا ، وأنفعها مآلا ، وأرفعها مقاما وحالا . قال رضي الله عنه

possibility, but asks only in compliance with God's command in His saying, "Call upon Me and I will respond to you" (Q 40:60) — he is the pure servant (al-ʿabd al-maḥḍ). This suppliant has no concern (himma) attached to what he asks for, whether specified or unspecified; rather his concern lies in complying with the commands of his Master. So if the state (ḥāl) calls for asking, he asks out of servanthood (ʿubūdiyya), and if it calls for entrusting [affairs to God] (tafwīḍ) and silence, he is silent. Thus Job (Ayyūb), peace be upon him, and others were tried, and they did not ask for the removal of that with which God had tried them; then, at another time, the state called for them to ask for its removal, and God removed it from them.] The servant [i.e., the commentator] said: These are God's veracious servants (al-ṣiddīqūn), who, when they ask — whether for something specified or unspecified — do not ask out of natural impatience, nor out of caution (iḥtiyāṭ), desiring that which the people of caution desire, [namely] that God grant them that, out of their knowledge that it is not attained except by asking. Rather, their asking is compliance with God's command to them in His saying "Call upon Me," such that their concern is not attached to the response (istijāba) except insofar as it is God's will that they be answered and that the asking [occur]. But they call upon God because He commanded them to call upon Him and nothing else; so if He answers, they receive it with gratitude and with what is due in receiving it, and if He does not answer them, they know that what was intended was [merely] the supplication [itself]. If the answer is obtained, they know thereby their preparedness (istiʿdād); and if they are not answered, they know that the tongue of preparedness is deferred to another time, so they defer the asking to that time, just as they advance it, likewise, to its [proper] time in the present state. As for the second category — those possessing preparedness and knowledge of it, and knowledge of the state proceeding from their preparedness — one of them may ask God, even while knowing his preparedness for what he is worthy of in every state, out of compliance [with the command], while knowing that what is asked will occur and that the present preparedness coincides with the asking. But he does not intend the response, nor does he attach his concern to its occurrence; rather his concern is compliance with God's commands and prohibitions — he is the pure servant, and this class is more perfect than the one preceding it, so understand. When the state calls for asking, and he senses that the divine intent is [for him] to supplicate and ask, he supplicates and asks out of servanthood, bondsmanship, and compliance; and if he knows from his present preparedness that the trial is a purification, a perfecting, and a [sign of] divine good pleasure, he is patient, entrusts [the matter] to God, and is silent, knowing that God will not maintain over him the ruling of the presence of Severity and Majesty forever. Rather, the traces of accidental severity must inevitably dissolve into essential gentleness and mercy, according to His saying, "My mercy precedes My wrath" — concerning one with whom He is wroth — and especially concerning one whose divine mercy preceded him in pre-eternity through the perfection of [God's] upholding him in his regard, such as Job, peace be upon him, who was patient and did not ask at first for the removal of harm from him, due to his knowledge of the state and the present preparedness. Likewise, every affliction and trial with which God tries His servants is not [purely] of the category of sheer severity (qahr), for it is a special mercy and a favor in the form of a trial and an affliction, which none desire except those who know God's intent and His knowledge, and those apprised of the secret of the divine decree (qadar). So when they know that the time for the separation of hardship and distress has arrived, and the time for the arrival of ease and comfort has come, they call upon God, and He removes the hardship from them and exchanges ease for their difficulty — [doing so] in order to disavow any supposed resistance or opposition to the divine severity, whether in [choosing] not to ask, or in seeking remedy. Thus, in both the state of asking and the state of not asking, they are God's well-disciplined servants, looking to God's command and His ruling in accordance with His will and knowledge. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "The hastening of what is asked for, and the delaying [thereof], are according to the determinate measure (qadar) appointed for it with God. So if the asking coincides with the [appointed] time, the response comes swiftly; and if the time is delayed — whether in this world or in the hereafter — the response, that is, what is asked for, is delayed, not the response which is [God's own] 'At Your service' (labbayka). So understand this." The servant said: Know that every request a servant asks of God, He must inevitably answer without fail, for He has made the response obligatory upon Himself by His saying, "Call upon Me and I will respond," and none is more faithful to His covenant and promise than God. So when the servant calls upon Him, He answers him at once with 'At Your service,' corresponding to what the servant receives when he calls upon Him. But when God knows of the servant that the appearance of his present preparedness is delayed relative to the occurrence of what is asked for, God hastens at once to provide him with what assists him toward the perfection of receptivity and preparedness, and thereafter toward receiving the self-disclosure (tajallī) of the response in the very entity (ʿayn) of what is asked for — this being due to the non-correspondence of preparedness with the time of asking. So when the time appointed for the occurrence of the very entity of what is asked for arrives, and the asking coincides with it, the response comes at once. The response, then, from the very first moment of asking — whatever the asking may be, and from whatever asker — is inevitably due from God; but the appearance of its ruling with the asker is according to the measure of his preparedness and receptivity, and the time of the appearance of the ruling of the response lies precisely in his [divine] preparation and provisioning (imdād) for the perfecting of his preparedness for the appearance of the hoped-for object of the request. And when God knows from the servant the perfection of preparedness in asking — through his tongue of state, his essential tongue, and his tongue of preparedness — prior to his asking with his personal tongue, He prompts him to ask, and answers him at once. So whoever has not hit upon this secret supposes that the asking of some servants is not delayed in its response, while [that of] others goes unanswered. But the matter is not as he supposes; rather, the supplication of every supplicant who calls upon God for something is indeed answered, but the matter is as God, exalted, has commanded: "It is not for a messenger to bring a sign except by God's permission" (Q 13:38) — and this pertains to the second perfection, namely receptivity and preparedness — "And when the command of God comes, it will be decided in truth, and the falsifiers will be lost there" (Q 40:78). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "As for the second category, namely our statement, 'and among them is what does not proceed from asking' — what does not proceed from asking [in this sense] means only that asking [there] refers to verbal utterance; for in the reality of the matter there must inevitably be an asking, whether by utterance, by state, or by preparedness — just as no absolute praise is ever sound except in utterance, whereas in meaning it must be qualified by the state; for what prompts you to praise God is that which specifies for you [the praise] by a name of action or a name of incomparability (tanzīh). As for preparedness on the part of the servant, its possessor is not aware of it, but he is aware of the state, because he knows the prompter, which is the state." He means: since God's giving, being an essential, perpetual effusion (fayḍ) with no interruption, its occurrence for someone, and its arrival by way of state from the hand of one [recipient] or another, is only by the asking of the tongue of preparedness, or by the tongue of state, even if there is no [verbal] asking — that is, in utterance — because the asking by the tongue of preparedness, and by state, rank, and essence, does not occur perpetually; hence the response is delayed. So when the tongue of speech coincides with the tongue of preparedness, the response comes swiftly. This is why gifts and requested things are obtained without verbal asking, leading one to suppose that this is not [really] a matter of asking at all — but it is not so; remember this. Thus essential asking (al-suʾāl al-dhātī) is that the essences (dhawāt), in their essential realities, are asking of God, receiving from Him their subsistence through His Essence and their continuance from Him. As for the asking of the tongues of preparedness, it is like that of one whose fitness and receptivity become complete for the occurrence of some matter and effusion from God — this is never delayed at all. And the asking of rank (martaba) is like prophethood, which asks of God that by which and in which its subsistence and support consist, from the prophet through whose existence its continuance is maintained. As for the asking of the tongue of state, it is like the hungry one who seeks satiety through his hunger, and the thirsty one who seeks quenching through his thirst. And just as absolute praise does not [truly] occur, being restricted by the state of the one praising, his description, and his station having a state of praise proper to it — even if uttered absolutely in wording — so too, giving without asking does not [truly] occur. So if there is no verbal asking, yet the response occurs, and gifts and grants arrive, and mercy and blessing encompass [one], know that it is these aforementioned tongues that summoned and required it. But preparedness, its possessor is not aware of it, due to its obscurity, whereas he is aware of the state, because the state is what prompts him to seek and ask; thus he knows that his tongue of state is what prompted him to ask with [his verbal] tongue. So understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said: "And preparedness is the most hidden of askings." He means, may God be pleased with him: for this reason its possessor is not aware of it, due to its hiddenness and its being contingent upon knowledge of the known decree (qadar), [a knowledge] belonging to the people of unveiling (kashf), from the divine knowledge subsisting through the Real — and it is the most difficult of the sciences, the most precious in attainment, the loftiest in exemplar, the most beneficial in outcome, and the most elevated in station and state. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿فغاية أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا﴾

أي لا يعلمون بعلم الله وباستعداد السائل للمسئول

that is, they do not know [what is in] God's knowledge nor the petitioner's preparedness for the thing requested

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فغاية أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا﴾

أي، في كل وقت معين. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, at each specific moment. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Tilimsānī

﴿فغاية أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا أن يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه، فإنهم لحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق تعالى في ذلك الزمان وأنهم ما قبلوه إلا بالاستعداد.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: يعني بالاستعداد، التهيؤ للأمر ومن جملة الأمور السؤال، فلو لا أن السائل مستعد للسؤال ما سأل. لكن من الناس من يعلم الاستعدادات ويعلم ما يقتضيه ومنهم من لا يعلم ذلك وهم الأكثرون. فأما الذين يعلمون مقتضیات الاستعدادات تماما فهم الذين قطعو السفر الثاني. وذلك هو تفصيل التوحيد، وأكملهم معرفة في ذلك قطب الأقطاب وهو الذي شهد الشهود الذاتي المحيط وهذا الشخص هو الخليفة في الأرض عند الله تعالى سواء عرف أو لم يعرف لأنه لا يعرف حقيقة أصلا، إذ لا يعرفه إلا من هو مثله فيجمعهم المرتبة، فيكونان واحدا في المرتبة وإن كانا إثنين في العدد بل لو كانوا آلافا. وأما من دون هذا المقام، فلا يعرفون من الاستعدادات إلا بقدر قرب مراتبهم من هذ الكامل وهذا الكامل هو الذي يصلح أن يكون رسولا فيما كان من الزمان قبل مبعث رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم. وأما من بعده، فهم المشايخ الذين وردت الآية بالإخبار عنهم في قوله تعالى: "قل هذه سبيلي أدعوا إلى الله على بصيرة أنا ومن اتبعني " (يوسف: 108). وهم الكمل أو من كان تابعا بالتقليد بخلاف الكامل، إذ هو من يلقي السمع وهو شهيد. وأما الذين لا يعلمون الاستعدادات، فلا يصلح لهم أن يكون مشایخ يرشدون طالبي الحق تعالی. وأما طالبوا ثواب الله تعالى، فيجوز أن يكون المرشد لهم من لا يعرف الاستعدادات لكن يجب أن يكون عالما بالشرع الشريف أعني ما يخص العبادات إذ هي المهم. وقوله

I say: he means by preparedness (al-istiʿdād) readiness for a matter, and among the matters is asking; for had the asker not been prepared for asking, he would not have asked. But among people there is one who knows the preparednesses and knows what they require, and among them is one who does not know that, and these are the majority. As for those who know fully what the preparednesses require, they are those who have completed the second journey (al-safar al-thānī). That is the detailed unfolding of tawḥīd, and the most complete of them in that knowledge is the Pole of Poles (quṭb al-aqṭāb), who is the one who has witnessed the encompassing essential witnessing (al-shuhūd al-dhātī al-muḥīṭ). This person is the vicegerent (khalīfa) on earth in God's sight, whether he be recognized or not recognized, for in truth no one recognizes him at all, since none can know him save one who is like him, in which case rank joins them together, so that the two become one in rank though two in number—indeed even were they thousands. As for those beneath this station, they know of the preparednesses only in proportion to the nearness of their ranks to this Perfect One (al-kāmil); and this Perfect One is the one fit to be a messenger, in the era before the mission of the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace. As for those after him, they are the shaykhs concerning whom the verse has informed, in His saying, Most High: "Say: This is my way; I call to God upon clear insight, I and whoever follows me" (Yūsuf: 108). They are the complete ones (al-kummal), or one who is a follower by imitation, as distinct from the Perfect One, since he is one who lends his ear while he is a witness. As for those who do not know the preparednesses, it is not fitting that they be shaykhs guiding the seekers of the Real Most High. But as for those who seek the reward of God Most High, it is permissible that their guide be one who does not know the preparednesses, provided he is knowledgeable of the noble Law, meaning what pertains to acts of worship, since that is what matters. And his saying]

Jāmī

﴿فغاية أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا﴾

أي مثل العلم الذي يحصل للكمل الندر. بما في علم الله وبما يعطيه الاستعداد في جميع الأزمنة والأوقات على أن يكون مفعولا مطلقا. ومثل ما في علم الله وما يعطيه الاستعداد فيكون مفعولا به ويكون لفظ المثل مقحمة

of the people of presence (ḥuḍūr) who do not know the like of this] i.e., the like of the knowledge that occurs to the perfect ones (al-kummal), rarely, of what is in God's knowledge and of what the preparedness gives in all times and moments — [taking this] as an absolute object (mafʿūl muṭlaq). And [it may also be understood as] the like of what is in God's knowledge and what the preparedness gives, in which case it would be a direct object (mafʿūl bihi), and the word "the like" (mithl) would be an interpolation.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فغاية أهل الحضور﴾

في نهاية علمهم في الاستعداد

at the height of their knowledge concerning preparedness

Ibn Turka

﴿الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا﴾

قبل ورود وقته - فإن من أهل الحضور من يعلم ذلك على غاية موضه -

before the arrival of its appointed time - for among the people of presence there is one who knows this at the very extremity of its occurrence -

Bālī Zāde

﴿الذين لا يعلمون … مثل هذا﴾

أي في كل فرد وكان عطاؤهم من سؤال وإنما فيدنا به فإن أهل الحضور الذي كان عطاؤهم لا عن سؤال. يذكر أحوالهم و مراتبهم في القسم الثاني

i.e., in each individual instance; and their gift used to come in response to a request. We have benefited from this that the people of presence, whose gift comes not in response to a request, will have their states and ranks mentioned in the second category

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أن يعلمون في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه، فإنهم لحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان﴾

أي، غاية أهل الحضور والمراقبة الذين لا يعلمون استعدادهم في كل زمان من الأزمنة، أن يعلموااستعدادهم في زمان حضورهم بما أعطاهم الحق من الأحوال. (وأنهم ما قبلوهإلا بالاستعداد). أي، ويعلمون أنهم ما قبلوا ذلك إلا بالاستعداد الجزئي فيذلك الزمان

that is, the utmost of the people of presence and watchfulness (murāqaba), who do not know their preparedness in every one of the times, is that they know their preparedness in the time of their presence through what the Real has granted them of states. (And that they did not receive it except through preparedness). That is, and they know that they did not receive that except through the particular preparedness in that time

al-Tilimsānī

﴿أنه يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: يعني حالة وصول العطاء إليهم يعلمون أنهم كانوا مستعدين لذلك العطاء. قوله رضي الله عنه

I say: he means that at the moment the gift reaches them, they know that they had been prepared for that gift. His saying, may God be pleased with him]

Ibn Turka

﴿أن يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه ، فإنهم لحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان وأنهم ما قبلوه الا بالاستعداد﴾

لأن موطن الاستعداد و موقف القابلية أقدس من أن يكون هناك لحجاب البعد حكم ، أو القهرمان الغيبة نفاذ أمر

for the locus of preparedness and the station of receptivity are too sanctified for the veil of distance to have any ruling there, or for the chamberlain of absence to have any authority

Jāmī

﴿أن يعلموه في الزمان الذي يكون فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ويرد عليهم فيه ما يعطيهم الحق (فإنهم الحضورهم) مع ما يرد في كل زمان و مراقبتهم ذلك الزمان

and what the Real (al-Ḥaqq) bestows upon them therein comes to them (for they are present in it) along with what comes in every time, and their watchfulness over that time.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أن يعلموه﴾

أي استعدادهم

i.e., their preparedness

Words 11–15 · 1 of 7

في الزَّمانِ الَّذِي يَكُونُونَ فيهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في الزمان الذي يكونون فيه﴾

ويعلمون أيضا في ذلك الزمان قبول استعدادهم

and they also know, at that time, the acceptance of their preparedness

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإنهم لحضورهم يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان﴾

الذي يكونون فيه (وإنهم) لحضورهم يعلمون

in which they are (and they know), by virtue of their presence,

Jāmī

﴿یعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في ذلك الزمان﴾

الذين هم فيه (و) يعلمون أيضا

in which they are (and) they also know

Jāmī

﴿أنهم ما قبلوه إلا بالاستعداد﴾

لما أعطاهم (وهم)، أي أهل الحضور الذين يعلمون ما أعطاهم الحق في الزمان الذي يكون فيه

for what He gave them (and they), i.e., the people of presence who know what the Real gives them in the time in which they are,

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما قبلوه﴾

أي لم يقبلوا ذلك الأمر الواصل إليهم

i.e., they accepted that matter which reached them not otherwise

Words 28–29 · 1 of 7

إِلَّا بِالاسْتِعْدادِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا بالاستعداد﴾

الجزئي الخاص بذلك الزمان (وهم) أي أهل الحضور الذين وصفناهم بقولنا أن يعلموه

the particular preparedness specific to that time (and they) i.e., the people of presence whom we described by our saying 'that they know it'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهم صنفان: صنف يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم﴾

وهم كالمستدلينمن الأثر على المؤثر إلى الأثر

and they are like those who infer, from the effect, the effecting cause—then [proceed] to the effect

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وهم صنفان صنف يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم، وصنف يعلمون من استعدادهم ما يقبلونه هذا أتم ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف.﴾

ومن هذا الصنف من يسأل لا للاستعجال ولا للإمكان، وإنما يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله في قوله تعالى: "ادعوني أستجب لکم" (غافر: 60) . فهو العبد المحض، وليس لهذا الداعی همة متعلقة فيما سأل فيه من معين أو غير معين، وإنما همته في امتثال أوامر سیده. فإذا اقتضى الحال السؤال سأل سؤال عبودية وإذا اقتضى التفويض والسكوت سكت فقد ابتلى أيوب، عليه السلام، وغيره وما سألوا رفع ما ابتلاهم الله تعالى به، ثم اقتضى لهم الحال في زمان آخر أن يسألوا رفع ذلك، فسألوا فرفعه الله تعالی عنهم. والتعجيل بالمسئول فيه والابطاء للقدر المعين له عند الله. وإذا وافق السؤال الوقت أسرع بالإجابة، وإذا تأخر الوقت إما في الدنيا وإما في الآخرة، تأخرت الإجابة أي المسئول فيه لا الإجابة التي هي لبيك من الله تعالى فافهم هذا ." قلت: يعني أن قوما يستدلون بالأثر على المؤثر وقوما بالعکس. قوله رضي الله عنه: "فهو العبد المحض." قلت: يعني أن السؤال عبادة لكن على أهل الحجاب وأما أهل الشهود، فلا يسئلون أصلا . وقد ورد في بعض المناجاة: «یا عبد طلبك مني وأنت لا تراني عبادة، وطلبك مني وأنت ترانی استهزاء» وما بعد هذا فهو مفهوم إلى قوله وأما القسم الثاني. قوله رضي الله عنه: " وأما القسم الثاني وهو قولنا: ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال فالذي لا يكون عن سؤال، فإنما أريد بالسؤال التلفظ به، فإنه في نفس الأمر لا بد من سؤال إما باللفظ أو بالحال أو بالاستعداد. كما أنه لا يصح حمد مطلق قط إلا في اللفظ، وأما في المعنى فلا بد أن يقيده الحال. فالذي يبعثك على حمد الله هو المقيد لك باسم فعل أو باسم تنزيه." قلت: يعني أن السؤال إن كان باللفظ فظاهر وإن لم يكن باللفظ، فبالحال وذلك لأن الإنسان بل الأشياء كلها لا بد من افتقارها إلى أمر ما، فحالها ذلك يستدعي باستعداده ويسأل وهو أقوى من لسان المقال وكذلك الاستعداد هو سؤال وهو أقوى في الإجابة من سؤال الحال، فإن الحال إذا سأل ولا يكون هناك استعداد للإجابة فلا تحصل إجابة أصلا. قوله: ( كما أنه لا يصح حمد، إلى قوله: باسم تنزيه.) قلت: المراد بالحمد هنا هو حمد الله تعالى فإن المخلوق إذا أصبته محمودا فحمدته، فالمقتضي لحمده هو حال المحمود وأما حمدنا الله تعالى، فإنا متی أطلقنا لفظتي الحمد لله، فلا بد أن يكون عندنا مقتضى ذلك الحمد ويكون أمرا مقيدا. فإن من أكل مثلا فشبع، فقال الحمد لله، فإنما أراد الحمد الذي هو بمعنی الشكر، فالحمد مقيد بمعنی الشكر. إذا كان الشكر إنما يكون في مقابلة إحسان، وأيضا فما حمد الله إلا من حضرة الاسم الرازق، فإنه هو الذي رزقه ذلك الطعام وإذا كان حمده له من مرتبة الاسم الرازق يستحيل أن يكون ذلك الحمد بعينه من حضرة الاسم المانع. وأما من لقي مثلا مخوفا فنجا منه، فقال: الحمد لله، فإنما حمده تعالى من مرتبة اسم الواقي، تبارك وتعالى، لا من حضرة الاسم المنتقم. وكذلك كل حمد يصدر من العبد لربه، تبارك وتعالى، فلا بد وأن يكون مقيدا في نفس الأمر وإن أطلق اللفظ به ولم يقيده، فإن الحال قد قيده. وأما قوله: باسم فعل، فمثل الرازق والمعطي والمنعم وبالجملة كل مصدر يمكن أن يشتق منه فعل ، فاسم الفاعل المشتق من ذلك المصدر " هو عنده اسم فعل وأما قوله: اسم تنزيه ، فمثل ما إذا هداه الله تعالى إلى معرفة أن الله تعالی لا يتصف بصفات خلقه فقال وهو فرح بتلك الهداية: "الحمد لله الذي هدانا لهذا وما كنا لنهتدي" (الأعراف: 43). فإنما أشار بالحمد إلى اسمه السبوح القدوس، إذ کلاهما من أسماء التنزيه وكان الاسم الهادي موصلا لحضرة التنزيه وله نصيب من هذا الحمد أيضا. و قوله

And among this type is one who asks neither out of impatience nor because of [mere] possibility, but rather asks in compliance with God's command in His saying, Most High: "Call upon Me, I will answer you" (Ghāfir: 60). He is the pure servant (al-ʿabd al-maḥḍ), and this supplicant has no aspiration (himma) attached to what he has asked for, whether specified or unspecified; rather his aspiration is in complying with the commands of his Master. So when the state (ḥāl) requires asking, he asks with the asking of servanthood; and when it requires submission (tafwīḍ) and silence, he keeps silent. Ayyūb (Job), peace be upon him, and others were tried, and they did not ask for the removal of what God, Most High, had tried them with. Then the state required of them, at another time, that they ask for its removal, so they asked, and God, Most High, removed it from them. The hastening of what is asked for, and the delaying, are according to the specific measure (qadar) determined for it with God. When the asking coincides with [its appointed] time, the response comes quickly; and when the time is delayed, whether in this world or in the Hereafter, the response—that is, what is asked for—is delayed, not the response which is [God's] "at Your service" (labbayka) from God, Most High. Understand this. I say: He means that some people infer the Effector (muʾaththir) from the effect (athar), while others do the opposite. His saying, may God be pleased with him: "He is the pure servant." I say: He means that asking is worship (ʿibāda), but [only] for the people of the veil (ahl al-ḥijāb); as for the people of witnessing (ahl al-shuhūd), they do not ask at all. It has been reported in some [divine] intimate discourses (munājāt): "O servant, your seeking from Me while you do not see Me is worship, and your seeking from Me while you do see Me is mockery." What follows this is understood, up to his saying "As for the second division." His saying, may God be pleased with him: "As for the second division, which is our statement: 'and among them is what does not occur through asking'—as for that which does not occur through asking, what is meant by 'asking' [there] is verbal utterance of it. For in reality there must be an asking, whether by utterance, by state (ḥāl), or by preparedness (istiʿdād). Just as unqualified praise (ḥamd) is never valid except in utterance—for in meaning it must be qualified by the state. That which prompts you to praise God is what qualifies [that praise] for you by a name of action (ism fiʿl) or a name of incomparability (ism tanzīh)." I say: He means that if asking is by utterance, it is manifest (ẓāhir); and if it is not by utterance, then it is by state. This is because man—rather, all things—must be in need of something, so that state of theirs calls out through its preparedness and asks, and this is stronger than the tongue of speech. Likewise preparedness is [itself] an asking, and it is stronger in [obtaining] response than the asking of state. For if the state asks but there is no preparedness for the response, then no response occurs at all. His saying: ("Just as praise is never valid..." unto his saying: "by a name of incomparability.") I say: What is meant here by praise (ḥamd) is the praise of God, Most High. For when a created being does something praiseworthy to you and you praise him, that which necessitates your praising him is the state of the one praised. As for our praising God, Most High: whenever we utter the words "Praise be to God" (al-ḥamdu lillāh), there must be, on our part, something that necessitates that praise, and it must be a qualified matter. For example, one who eats and is satisfied, and says "Praise be to God," intends thereby the praise that is in the meaning of thanks (shukr); so the praise is qualified by the meaning of thanks, since thanks occurs only in response to a benefaction (iḥsān). Moreover, he has praised God only from the presence of the name "the Provider" (al-Rāziq), for it is He who provided him with that food; and since his praise of Him is from the level of the name "the Provider," it is impossible that that very same praise be from the presence of the name "the Withholder" (al-Māniʿ). And as for one who, for example, encounters something fearsome and is delivered from it and says "Praise be to God," he praises Him, Most Blessed and Most High, only from the level of the name "the Protector" (al-Wāqī), not from the presence of the name "the Avenger" (al-Muntaqim). Likewise, every praise that issues from the servant to his Lord, Most Blessed and Most High, must in reality be qualified, even if the utterance of it is unqualified and he does not [explicitly] qualify it—for the state has [already] qualified it. As for his saying "by a name of action," this is like "the Provider" (al-Rāziq), "the Giver" (al-Muʿṭī), "the Beneficent" (al-Munʿim), and in general every verbal noun (maṣdar) from which a verb can be derived—the active-participle name derived from that verbal noun is, in his view, a "name of action." As for his saying "a name of incomparability" (ism tanzīh), this is like when God, Most High, guides someone to the knowledge that God, Most High, is not characterized by the attributes of His creation, and he says, rejoicing in that guidance: "Praise be to God who guided us to this; we would not have been guided had God not guided us" (al-Aʿrāf: 43). For by this praise he alludes to His name "the All-Glorified" (al-Subbūḥ), "the All-Holy" (al-Quddūs), since both are among the names of incomparability (tanzīh); and the name "the Guide" (al-Hādī) was the conduit to the presence of incomparability, and it too has a share in this praise. And his saying...

Ibn Turka

﴿وهم صنفان﴾

أي الواقفون من السائلين الحاضرين

that is, those among the present requesters who have attained this station

Jāmī

﴿صنفان صنف يعلمون من قبولهم﴾

لما أعطاهم (استعدادهم) له فإنهم إذا وقفوا على ما أعطاهم الحق رجعوا إلى أنفسهم فوجدوا فيها استعداده الخاص و عرفوه حق المعرفة لأنهم يعلمون %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : استعدادهم ما يقبلونه. هذا أتم ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف. و من هذا الصنف من يسأل لا للاستعجال و لا للإمكان، وإنما يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله في قوله تعالى: «ادعوني أستجب لكم». فهو العبد المحض، و ليس لهذا الداعي همة متعلقة فيما سأل فيه من معين أو غير معين، و إنما همته في امتثال أوامر سيده. فإذا اقتضى الحال السؤال سأل عبودية و إذا اقتضى التفويض و السكوت سكت فقد ابتلي أيوب عليه السلام و غيره و ما سألوا رفع ما ابتلاهم الله تعالى به، ثم اقتضى لهم الحال في زمان آخر أن يسألوا رفع ذلك فرفعه الله عنهم. و التعجيل بالمسئول فيه شرح الجامي : أن لهم أستعداد ما لذلك. فإن أهل الحضور وغيرهم في هذا العلم سواء

what He gave them, (their preparedness) for it — for when they have grasped what the Real gave them, they return to themselves and find within themselves His specific preparedness and know it with true knowledge, for they know — [Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam continues:] their preparedness [determines] what they accept. This is the most complete that knowledge of preparedness can be in this type. And among this type is one who asks not out of impatience nor because of mere possibility, but rather asks in compliance with God's command in His saying, Most High: "Call upon Me, I will answer you." This one is the pure servant, and this suppliant has no concern attached to what he asks for, whether specified or unspecified; rather his concern is [wholly] in compliance with the commands of his Master. So when the situation calls for asking, he asks out of servanthood (ʿubūdiyya), and when it calls for entrusting [the matter to God] and silence, he remains silent. Job (peace be upon him) and others were tried, and they did not ask for the removal of what God had tried them with; then, at another time, the situation called for them to ask for its removal, so God removed it from them. And the hastening of the thing asked for — [Jāmī's commentary]: this means that they have a preparedness for that. For the people of presence and others are equal in this knowledge.

Bālī Zāde

﴿صنفان صنف يعلمون من قبولهم﴾

ذلك الأمر (استعدادهم) أي قابلية ذواتهم واستحقاق أو هم بذاك الأمر

of that matter (their preparedness) i.e., the receptivity of their essences and their entitlement thereto

Ibn Turka

﴿صنف يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم ، و صنف يعلمون من استعدادهم مايقبلونه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن الاستعداد معدن نفائس العلوم والمعارف وسائر ما يستخرج من القوة إلى الفعل

for preparedness is the mine of the precious things of sciences and gnoses and all else that is brought forth from potency into act

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وصنف يعلمون من استعدادهم ما يقبلونه﴾

كالمستدلين من المؤثر

like those who infer from the effecting cause

Jāmī

﴿وصنف يعلمون من معرفة خصوص استعدادهم ما يقبلون﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

العطايا فإنهم إذا علموا حصول كمال استعدادهم الخاص لأمر ما حصل نهم يحصل من ذلك الأمر والتيقن بوجوده. (هذا)، أي كون العلم بالاستعداد سابقا على العلم بما يقبلون

of the gifts — for when they know the attainment of the completeness of their specific preparedness for some matter, they attain from that matter [knowledge] and certainty of its existence. (This), i.e., the fact that knowledge of the preparedness precedes knowledge of what they accept,

Bālī Zāde

﴿وصنف يعلمون من استعدادهم ما﴾

أي الذي (يقبلونه وهذا) أي الصنف الذين يعلمون من استعدادهم ما يقبلونه

i.e., that which (they will accept; and this) i.e., the type who know from their preparedness what they will accept

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهذا أتم ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف﴾

لأنهم طلع بعينه الثابتة وبأحوالها في كل زمان، بل بأعيان غيره أيضا وأحوالهم (في كتاب مرقوم يشهده المقربون). وهذا الكامل هو الذي يقدر على تكميل غيره من المريدين والطالبين. (ومن هذا الصنف من يسأل لا للاستعجال ولا للإمكان، و إنما يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله في قوله تعالى

because they have gained insight by means of their fixed entity (ʿayn thābita) and its states at each moment, indeed by the entities of others as well and their states, 'in a written book witnessed by those brought near.' And this perfect one is the one who is able to perfect others among the aspirants and seekers. (And among this type is one who asks neither out of haste nor out of possibility, but rather asks in compliance with God's command in His saying, exalted

Ibn Turka

﴿هذا أتم ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف﴾

يعني صنف السائلين الحاضرين ، لأنه قادر على استعلام ما يؤول إليه كل استعداد وما ينتهي إليه مال كماله . العبد المحض من السائلين

that is, the type of present requesters, for he is capable of learning to what end each preparedness will come, and to what its ultimate perfection will lead. The purely devoted servant among the requesters

Jāmī

﴿أتم ما يكون﴾

أي أكمل ما يكون

i.e., the most perfect it can be

Bālī Zāde

﴿أتم ما يكون في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف﴾

أي من الصنف الذين يعلمون من قبولهم استعدادهم ففي بمعنی من

i.e., of the type who know their preparedness from their acceptance — 'fī' here being in the sense of 'min' (from)

Jāmī

﴿في معرفة الاستعداد في هذا الصنف﴾

أي أهل الحضور الذين لا يعلمون مثل هذا فإنه بمنزلة الاستدلال من المؤثر الى الأثر أو بمنزلة الاستدلال من الأثر إلى المؤثر

i.e., the people of presence who do not know the like of this — for it is in the position of inferring from the effect-producer (al-muʾaththir) to the effect (al-athar), or in the position of inferring from the effect to the effect-producer.

al-Jandī

﴿ومن هذا الصنف﴾

أي الذين لا يعلمون حال السؤال استعدادهم ولا علم الحق فيهم

that is, those who, at the moment of asking, know neither their own preparedness nor the Real's knowledge concerning them

Ibn Turka

﴿ومن هذا الصنف﴾

أي السائلين الحاضرين

that is, the present requesters

Jāmī

﴿ومن هذا الصنف﴾

أي أهل الحضور المذكورين أو من الصنف الثاني منهم.وهو من يعلم من استعداده القبول. فإن الصنف الأول لا سؤال له, فإن بعد العلم بقبوله المسؤول لا معقولية للسؤال

i.e., the aforementioned people of presence, or from the second of the two types among them, which is the one who knows, from his preparedness, the acceptance. For the first type has no asking at all, since after knowledge of one's acceptance of what is asked for, asking has no intelligibility.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومن هذا الصنف﴾

أي ومن الصنف الثاني من يسأل لا للاستعجال ولا للإمكان وإنما بسال امتثالا لأمر الله . في قوله

i.e., from the second type is he who asks not out of impetuosity nor out of the consideration of possibility, but asks purely in compliance with God's command, in His saying,

Ibn Turka

﴿من يسأل لا للاستعجال ولا للإمكان ، وإنما يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله في قوله: " أدعوني أستجب لكم" فهو العبد المحض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الذي لايشوب صرافة عبودته بنسبة اختيار ، ولا إرادة مطلوب أو طلب مراد. كما قيل : سقط اختياري مذ فني بحبكم .... عني ، فلا أرجو ولا أتطلب ليس المحب حقيقة من يشتهي .... أو يشتكي ، أو يرتجي ، أو يرهب

whose sheer servanthood is unmixed with any relation of choosing, nor any will for an object sought, nor any seeking of an object willed. As it was said: 'My choice fell away, since I perished in your love... from me, so I neither hope nor seek.' 'The lover is not, in truth, one who desires... or complains, or hopes, or fears.'

Jāmī

﴿من يسأل لا للاستعجال﴾

الطبيعي . فإنه لا حكم للطبيعة على أهل الحضور

natural [impatience] — for nature has no authority over the people of presence.

Words 60–61 · 1 of 7

ولا لِلإِمْكانِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولا للإمكان﴾

لأنه على يقين في حصول السؤال في الزمان الذي هو فيه وإنما يسأل امتثالا لأمر الله . في قوله تعالى: "أدعوني أستجب لكم "

for he is certain of the occurrence of the asking in the time in which he is; rather he asks in compliance with God's command, in His saying, Most High: "Call upon Me, I will answer you."

Words 67–68 · 1 of 7

في قَوْلِهِ

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿في قوله:﴾

من حيث ما هو " بمعنى " ليس " و خبره مرفوع، على لغة تميم وفيه نظر. لأنه يريد إثبات الضدين، لا نفى أحدهما. بل هي موصولة، أو بمعنى الشئ. لذلك بين بقوله

be in the sense of 'laysa' (is not), with its predicate in the nominative, according to the dialect of Tamīm—though there is difficulty in this, because he intends to affirm the two opposites, not to negate one of them. Rather it is a relative particle (mawṣūla), or in the sense of 'thing' (shayʾ). That is why he clarified it by saying

al-Qāshānī

﴿ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ﴾

فغرض هذا العبد من السؤال ليس إلا العبادة لا المسئول ولا الإجابة . فلا يتمنى الإجابة فهو عبد محض ، إذ ليست همته في دعائه متعلقة بشيء معين يطلبه أو غير معين بل امتثال أوامر سيده ، والباقي ظاهر . إلى قوله

So this servant's purpose in requesting is nothing but worship (ʿibāda)—not the thing requested, nor the response. He does not even long for the response, for he is a pure servant, since his concern in his supplication is not attached to anything specified that he seeks, nor to anything unspecified, but rather to compliance with the commands of his Master. The rest is clear. Up to his saying

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أدعوني أستجب لكم﴾

ولأنه تعالى يجب أن يسأل منه، كما قيل: الله يغضب إن تركت سؤاله وسليل آدم حين يسأله يغضب ولما لم يكن همته متعلقة فيما سأل، فكأنه ليس من السائلين في الحقيقة. لذلك قال: (صنفان). وأورد الصنف الثالث بعد الفراغ من ذكر صنفين آخرين، كما يأتي بيانه

and because He, the Exalted, must be asked, as it has been said: "God becomes angry if He is not asked, while the son of Adam, when asked, becomes angry." And since his aspiration was not attached to what he asked, he is, so to speak, not really among the askers. For this reason he said: "two kinds." And he introduces the third kind after finishing the mention of the other two, as will be explained

﴿أدعوني أستجب لكم﴾

فهو العبد المحض أي، هو العبد التام في العبودية الممتثل لأوامره كلها من غير شوب من الحظوظ،لأنه بحضوره دائما يعرف استعداده وما يفيض من الحق من التجليات بحسب استعداده عليه، فيكون سؤاله لفظا امتثالا لأمره تعالى كما مر. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for he is the pure servant] that is, he is the complete one in servitude, compliant with all of His commands without any admixture of personal shares (ḥuẓūẓ), because through his constant presence he knows his preparedness and what effuses from the Real of self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) according to his preparedness for it; so his asking is, verbally, compliance with His command, exalted, as passed before. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿ادعوني أستجب لكم﴾

فهو

so he is

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.