Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶23 in the text

23 · 86 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وعلى الحَقِيقَةِ فَما ثَمَّ إِلَّا حَقِيقَةٌ واحِدَةٌ تَقْبَلُ جَميعَ هذِهِ النِّسَبِ والإِضافاتِ التي يُكَنَّى عنها بِالأَسْماءِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ والحَقِيقَةُ تُعْطِي أنْ يَكونَ لِكُلِّ اسْمٍ يَظْهَرُ إِلى ما لا يَتَناهَى حَقِيقَةً يَتَمَيَّزُ بِها عنِ اسْمٍ آخَرَ تِلْكَ الحَقِيقَةُ التي بِها يَتَمَيَّزُ هيَ الاسْمُ عَيْنُهُ لا ما يَقَعُ فيهِ الاشْتِراكُ كما أنَّ الأَعْطِيَاتِ تَتَمَيَّزُ كُلُّ أَعْطِيَةٍ عنْ غَيْرِها بِشَخْصِيَّتِها وإنْ كانَتْ مِنْ أَصْلٍ واحِدٍ فَمَعْلُومٌ أنَّ هذِهِ ما هيَ هذِهِ الأُخْرَى وسَبَبُ ذلكَ تَمَيُّزُ الأَسْماءِ فَما في الحَضْرَةِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ لِاتِّساعِها شَيْءٌ يَتَكَرَّرُ أَصْلًا هذا هوَ الحَقُّ الذي يُعَوَّلُ عَلَيْهِ

But in reality there is only one reality, which receives all these relations and attributions that are alluded to by 'the divine names'. And that reality demands that every name that becomes manifest, without end, have a reality by which it is distinguished from every other name. That reality by which it is distinguished is the name itself, not that in which [the names] share. Just as the gifts are distinguished, each gift from every other, by its own individuality, even if they come from a single root, so it is known that this one is not that other one. And the cause of that is the distinction of the names. So in the divine presence, because of its vastness, there is nothing whatsoever that repeats. This is the truth to be relied upon.

On the whole passage · 1 of 6

Only al-Tilimsānī comments here.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿فما في الحضرة الإلهية لاتساعها شيء يتكرر أصلا. هذا هو الحق الذي يعول عليه. وهذا العلم كان علم شيث، عليه السلام، وروحه هو الممدود لكل من يتكلم في مثل هذا من الأرواح ما عدا روح الخاتم فإنه لا يأتيه المادة إلا من الله لا من روح من الأرواح، بل من روحه تكون تلك المادة لجميع الأرواح، وإن كان لا يعقل ذلك من نفسه في زمان ترکیب جسده العنصري. فهو من حيث حقيقته ورتبته عالم بذلك كله بعينه، من حيث ما هو جاهل به من جهة تركيبه العنصري.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قوله رضي الله عنه

spirits, even though he himself does not perceive that during the time of the composition of his elemental body. So he, in respect of his reality and his rank, knows all of that in itself, even as, in respect of his elemental composition, he is ignorant of it.] His words, God be pleased with him:

al-Qāshānī

﴿وعلى الحقيقة فما ثم إلا حقيقة واحدة تقبل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات التي تكنى عنها بالأسماء الإلهية ، والحقيقة تعطى أن تكون لكل اسم يظهر إلى ما لا يتناهى حقيقة يتميز بها عن اسم آخر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تقتضي أن تكون الأسماء يتميز بعضها عن بعض بخصوصيات لاشتراكها في الذات ، فلو لم يكن لكل اسم يظهر إلى ما لا يتناهى من أسماء الربوبية التي لا يمكن إحصاؤها خصوصية هو بها هو لم يكن التعدد . فحقيقة ذلك الاسم تلك الخصوصية لا ما به الاشتراك كالإرادة والقدرة في الأسماء الذاتية ، والإيجاد والتصوير في الأسماء الإلهية ، والرزق والهبة في الأسماء الربوبية . وهذا معنى قوله رضي الله عنه

— meaning that it requires that the names be distinguished one from another by particularities, since they share in the Essence. For if every name manifesting unto infinity, among the names of Lordship which cannot be enumerated, did not have a particularity by which it is what it is, there would be no multiplicity. So the reality of that name is that particularity, not that in which there is sharing — such as will and power among the Essential Names, bringing-into-existence and giving-form among the Divine Names, and providing and granting among the Names of Lordship. This is the meaning of his saying, may God be pleased with him,

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وعلى الحقيقة فما ثم إلا حقيقة واحدة تقبل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات التي تكنى عنها بالأسماء الإلهية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، وإن كانت الأسماء متكثرة، لكن على الحقيقة ما ثم إلا ذات واحدة تقبل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات التي يعتبر الذات مع كل منها، وتسمى ب

that is, although the names are multiple, in reality there is nothing there but a single Essence (dhāt) that accepts all these relations and ascriptions, the Essence being considered together with each of them, and [each such consideration] is named

Ibn Turka

﴿وعلى الحقيقة ، فما ثمّ إلَّا حقيقة واحدة تقبل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات التي يكنّى عنها بالأسماء الإلهيّة﴾

وهي الحضرة الإلهيّة المنسوبة هي إليها ، فاللَّه هو الجامع وله الإحاطة الاتحاديّة بالكلّ

which is the Divine Presence to which they are attributed; so Allāh is the All-Comprehensive, and His is the unificatory comprehension of the whole

Bālī Zāde

﴿وعلى الحقيقة﴾

أي وكان في التحقيق (فما ثمة) أي فما في مقام الأسماء المتكثرة

i.e., in verified truth (there is not, there) i.e., in the station of the multiple Names

Words 5–7 · 1 of 6

إِلَّا حَقِيقَةٌ واحِدَةٌ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا حقيقة واحدة﴾

وهي الذات الإلهية

which is the Divine Essence

Jāmī

﴿تقبل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات … التي يكني عنها﴾

بل عن الذات الملتبسة بها

rather, [they allude] to the Essence characterized by them.

Bālī Zāde

﴿تقبل جميع هذه النسب والإضافات التي يكنى عنها بالأسماء الإلهية﴾

مع كونها باقية على وحدتها الحقيقية (والحقيقة) الواحدة التي تقبل جميع النسب . وتفسير البعض بقوله أي التحقيق يقتضي أن يكون لكل اسم حقيقة مميزة له خطأ لأنها نكرة معادة معرفة فهي عين الأول

while yet remaining in its true oneness. (And the reality) — the single reality that accepts all the relations. Some have interpreted this to mean that each Name has a reality distinguishing it — this is an error, for the indefinite noun repeated becomes definite [i.e., refers back to the same referent], so it is identical with the first

Jāmī

﴿بالأسماء الإلهية والحقيقة تعطي أن يكون لكل اسم يظهر﴾

من الأسماء الإلهية الذاهبة

of the divine names that proceed forth.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والحقيقة تعطى أن يكون لكل اسم يظهر إلى مالا يتناهى حقيقة يتميز … بها عن اسم آخر، وتلك الحقيقة التي بها يتميز الاسم هي عينه لا ما يقع فيه الاشتراك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، التحقيق يقتضى أن يكون لكل اسم حقيقة متميزة له عن غيره من الأسماء. وليست تلك الحقيقة إلا عين الصفة التي اعتبرت مع الذات و صارت اسما. فالأسماء، من حيث تكثرها، ليست إلا عين النسب والإضافات المسماة بالصفات، إذ الذات مشتركة فيها، فلا فرق بين الأسماء والصفات على ما قرر. وباعتبار أن الاسم عبارة عن المجموع، يحصل الفرق. وعلى التقديرين لا يكون المشترك اسما، فإن "الحيوان" مشترك بين الإنسان وغيره. ولا يقال، إن حقيقة الإنسان هي الحيوان. بل الناطق أو ما يحصل منهما. فإن الناطق وإن كان مفهومه ماله النطق، لكن ذلك الشئ في الخارج هو الحيوان الظاهر بصورة الإنسان، فالناطق في الخارج هو الإنسان

(ʿaynuhu), not that in which sharing occurs] that is, verification (al-taḥqīq) requires that every name have a reality distinguishing it from the other names. That reality is nothing but the very attribute (ṣifa) that was considered together with the Essence and became a name. So the names, in respect of their multiplicity, are nothing but the very relations (nisab) and ascriptions termed attributes, since the Essence is shared among them—hence there is no difference between the names and the attributes on this account. But considered as the name being an expression for the totality [of Essence together with attribute], a difference results. On either reckoning, what is shared (al-mushtarak) cannot be a name; for "animal" is shared between man and others, yet one does not say that the reality of man is "animal," but rather "rational" or what results from the two [together]. For although the concept of "rational" is that to which speech belongs, that thing in the external [world] is the animal manifest in the form of man—so "the rational" in the external [world] is man.

Ibn Turka

﴿والحقيقة تعطي أن يكون لكلّ اسم يظهر - إلى ما لا يتناهي - حقيقة يتميّز بها عن اسم آخر تلك الحقيقة التي بها يتميّز هي الاسم عينه ، لا ما يقع فيه الاشتراك﴾

ضرورة أنّ تعيّن كل عين إنّما هو بالوجوه الامتيازيّة المحصّلة لعينيّته كما أنّ تحقّق الأنواع بالفصول المقوّمة لنوعيّته . فعلم أنّ الأسماء تتميّز بخصوصيّاته

by necessity, since the entification of every entity is only by the distinguishing aspects that constitute its individuality (ʿayniyya), just as the realization of species is by the differentiae that constitute their specificity. Thus it is known that the Names are distinguished by their particularities

Bālī Zāde

﴿تعطي أن يكون لكل اسم مظهر إلى ما لا يتناهی﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي له مظاهر غير متناهية

i.e., it has manifestations without limit

Words 25–28 · 1 of 6

إِلى ما لا يَتَناهَى

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إلى ما لا يتناهى﴾

بحسب خصوصيتها (حقيقة) معقولة متميزة عن الذات في التعقل. (يتميز

according to its specificity — (a reality) intelligible, distinguished from the Essence in conceptualization. (Is distinguished)

Words 29–34 · 1 of 6

حَقِيقَةً يَتَمَيَّزُ بِها عنِ اسْمٍ آخَرَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿حقيقة يتميز بها عن اسم آخر﴾

أي يتميز الاسم بتلك الحقيقة من غيره من الأسماء

i.e., the Name is distinguished by that reality from other Names

Words 32–34 · 1 of 6

عنِ اسْمٍ آخَرَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عن اسم آخر﴾

يشاركه في الذات (وتلك بالحقيقة) المعقولة

which shares with it in the Essence. (And that, in reality)— the intelligible [reality].

al-Qāshānī

﴿وتلك الحقيقة التي بها يتميز هي الاسم عينه لا ما يقع فيه الاشتراك﴾

ثم مثل بالأعطية التي يتميز كل واحد منها عن الآخر بشخصيته التي لا يمكن أن يشاركه فيها عطاء آخر ، مع اشتراك الكل في كونها عطاء. فقال

— then he gave the example of bestowals, each of which is distinguished from the other by its individual identity, which cannot be shared by another bestowal, even though all share in being a bestowal. So he said,

Bālī Zāde

﴿وتلك الحقيقة التي بها يتميز هي﴾

مبتدأ ثان (الاسم) خبره (عينه) بدل من الاسم أي هي عين الاسم إذ حقيقة الشيء عين ذلك الشيء فامتیازه بتعين غير زائد على نفسه أو الاسم مبتدأ ثالث عينه خبر أي الاسم عين هذا الحقيقة ذكر الضمير باعتبار الاسم فاندفع توهم المغايرة من قوله تعطي لكل اسم حقيقة يتميز به

first subject (the Name) its predicate (its very self) in apposition to "the Name," i.e., it is the very self of the Name, since the reality of a thing is identical to that thing; so its distinction is by a determination not additional to itself. Or "the Name" is a third subject and "its very self" its predicate, i.e., the Name is the very self of this reality — the pronoun being mentioned with respect to the Name — thereby dispelling the illusion of difference implied by the statement "gives rise to each Name having a reality by which it is distinguished"

Words 37–39 · 1 of 6

التي بِها يَتَمَيَّزُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿التي بها يتميز﴾

اسم عن آخر بل الذات متلبسة بها

one name from another — rather, the Essence characterized by it.

Jāmī

﴿هي الاسم عينه لا ما يقع فيه الاشتراك﴾

بين جميع الأسماء. يعني الذات المطلقة

among all the names — meaning the absolute Essence.

Words 43–47 · 1 of 6

لا ما يَقَعُ فيهِ الاشْتِراكُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا ما يقع فيه الاشتراك﴾

أي تلك الحقيقة ليست هي عين الحقيقة المشتركة التي هي الذات الإلهية المشتركة بين الأسماء وليس معنى الاشتراك اشتراك الجزئيات في الكلي ولا اشتراك الصور في المرايا في ذوي الصورة ولا اشتراك الأوصان في ذاتك وإنما مسنى الاشتراك توجه الواحد الحقيقي إلى جهة خاصة لكمال خاص بتلك الجهة مع بقاء الحضرة الواحدة على وحدته بحيث لا يمنع كل من التوجه التوجه الآخر فما كانت الأسماء والصفات إلا التوجهات الأولية الذاتية الإيجابية ، وما بعدها كلها توجهات ثانية اسمائية إختبارية فكانت الأسماء كلها مشتركة في دلالتها على الذات ومميزة بحقيقتها المختصة التي هي عينها وهذا لا يعرف إلا بالذوق، ولصعوبة هذا المقام أورد دليلا مشاهدا بالحس تسهيلا للطالبين. فقال

i.e., that reality is not identical with the shared reality which is the Divine Essence shared among the Names. And the meaning of "sharing" here is not the sharing of particulars in a universal, nor the sharing of forms in mirrors among things possessing form, nor the sharing of weight in your essence; rather, the meaning of sharing is the turning of the Real One toward a particular direction for a particular perfection specific to that direction, while the one presence remains in its oneness, such that neither turning prevents the other turning. Thus the Names and Attributes are nothing but the primary, essential, affirmative orientations (tawajjuhāt), while what comes after them are all secondary, name-related, elective orientations. So the Names are all shared in their indication of the Essence, yet distinguished by their specific reality which is their very self — and this is known only by direct tasting (dhawq). And due to the difficulty of this station, he gave a proof observable by the senses, to facilitate matters for seekers, saying:

al-Qāshānī

﴿كما أن الأعطيات يتميز كل أعطية عن غيرها بشخصيتها وإن كانت عن أصل واحد فمعلوم أن هذه ما هي هذه الأخرى وسبب ذلك تميز الأسماء﴾

وكل عطاء خاص يظهر عن اسم خاص ، يعطى الله تعالى ذلك العطاء على يد ذلك الاسم فكل ما يتجدد لا يشارك في شخصيته شيء آخر من الأزل إلى الأبد

Every specific gift becomes manifest from a specific Name; God, Exalted, gives that gift at the hand of that Name, so whatever is renewed, nothing else shares in its individual identity from pre-eternity to post-eternity.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كما أن الأعطيات يتميز كل أعطية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

على وزن "أفعلة". أي، يتميز كل واحد من العطايا

on the pattern "afʿila." That is, each one of the gifts is distinguished

Ibn Turka

﴿كما أنّ الأعطيات تتميّز كلّ اعطية عن غيرها بشخصيّتها ، وإن كانت من أصل واحد ، فمعلوم أنّ هذه … ما هي هذه الأخرى وسبب ذلك تميّز الأسماء﴾

المعطي لها ، ولا شك أنّ النسبة تتمايز بتمايز أحد المنتسبين . فالاعطيات متغايرة

which give them, and there is no doubt that the relation is distinguished by the distinction of one of the two related terms. So the gifts are mutually distinct

Jāmī

﴿كما أن الأعطيات﴾

بضم الهمزة وتشديد الياء جمع أعطية

(with fatḥa on the hamza and doubled yāʾ) — plural of uʿṭiya.

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما أن الأعطيات تتميز كل أعطية﴾

أي كل واحدة منها عن غيرها بشخصيتها وإن كانت العطاي (عن أصل واحد) وهو الذات الإلهية

i.e., each one of them from the others by its particularity, even though the gifts (are from a single source) which is the Divine Essence

Words 51–52 · 1 of 6

تَتَمَيَّزُ كُلُّ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿تتميز كل أعطية عن غيرها بشخصيتها … وإن كانت﴾

تلك الأغنيات متفرعة (عن أصل واحد) هو منبع الخيرات والكمالات وهو الذات الإلهية . (ومعلوم أن هذه) الأعطية

those gifts branch forth (from a single root), which is the source of goods and perfections, namely the Divine Essence. (And it is known that this) gift

Words 54–55 · 1 of 6

عنْ غَيْرِها

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿عن غيرها﴾

ويجوز أن يكون "أعطية" على وزن "أمنية"، والأعطيات، بتشديد الياء وضم الهمزة، جمعها، لذلك قال: (بشخصيتها، و إن كانت العطايا من أصل واحد) منبع الخيرات والكمالات، وهو الذات الإلهية من حيث الاسم "الوهاب" و "المعطى" وأمثال ذلك

It is also possible that "uʿṭiya" follows the pattern of "umniya," and that "aʿṭiyāt," with the yāʾ doubled and the hamza vocalized with ḍamma, is its plural. Hence he said: (by its particularity, even though the gifts derive from a single source)—the wellspring of goods and perfections, namely the Divine Essence in respect of the name "the Bestower" (al-Wahhāb) and "the Giver" (al-Muʿṭī) and the like.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فمعلوم أن هذه ما هي هذه الأخرى، وسبب ذلك تميز الأسماء﴾

شبه امتياز الأسماء بعضها عن بعض ورجوعها إلى حقيقة واحدة، بامتياز مواهبها و رجوعها إلى أصل واحد. ثم بين أن سبب هذا الامتياز في العطايا هو الامتياز الأسمائي، إذ اختلاف المعلولات مستندة إلى اختلاف عللها، وذلك لأن لكل اسم عطاء يختص بمرتبة وقابلية عين هي مظهره. وإذا كان كذلك

is not that other one, and the cause of that is the distinction of the names] He likened the distinction of the names from one another—while they revert to a single reality—to the distinction of their bestowals, which likewise revert to a single source. He then clarified that the cause of this distinction among the gifts is the distinction among the names, since the difference among effects is grounded in the difference among their causes; for each name has a gift proper to a rank and to the preparedness (qābiliyya) of an entity (ʿayn) which is its locus of manifestation. And since that is so,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فمعلوم أن هذه﴾

العطاي (الأخرى بسبب ذلك) أي وما سبب تميز العطاي (إلا تميز الأسماء) وهو استدلال من الأثر وهو تميز العطايا إلى المؤثر وهو تميز الأسماء إذ عند المحققين ما من موجود في الشهادة إلا وهو مصورة ما في الغيب ودليله هذا دليل على تميز العطايا وأما الدليل على تميز الأسماء. فهو قوله

gifts (other ones, by reason of that) i.e., and the cause of the distinction of the gifts (is nothing but the distinction of the Names) — this is an inference from effect, namely the distinction of the gifts, to cause, namely the distinction of the Names. For according to the verifiers, nothing exists in the visible world except that it is a form of what is in the unseen. This proof establishes the distinction of the gifts; as for the proof of the distinction of the Names, it is his statement:

Words 65–67 · 1 of 6

ما هيَ هذِهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ما هي هذه الأعطية … الأخرى وسبب ذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التمييز بين العطايا التي هي معلومات للأسماء

is the distinction among the gifts, which are the known objects (maʿlūmāt) of the names,

Words 71–72 · 1 of 6

تَمَيُّزُ الأَسْماءِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿تميز الأسماء﴾

التي هي علل لتلك العطايا إذ متن نص فصوص الحكم : فما في الحضرة الإلهية لاتساعها شي ء يتكرر أصلا. هذا هو الحق الذي يعول عليه. و هذا العلم كان علم شيث عليه السلام، و روحه هو الممد لكل من يتكلم في مثل هذا من الأرواح ما عدا روح الخاتم فإنه لا يأتيه المادة إلا من الله لا من روح من الأرواح، بل من روحه تكون المادة لجميع الأرواح، و إن كان لا يعقل ذلك من نفسه في زمان تركيب جسده العنصري. فهو من حيث حقيقته و رتبته عالم بذلك كله بعينه، من حيث ما هو جاهل به من جهة تركيبه العنصري. فهو العالم الجاهل، فيقبل الاتصاف بالأضداد كما قبل الأصل الاتصاف شرح الجامي : باختلاف العلل تختلف المعلومات وإن كان بمجرد التعيين والشخص فقط. وإذا كان الأمر كذلك

which are the causes of those gifts, since — Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: for in the Divine Presence, on account of its vastness, nothing whatsoever repeats itself. This is the truth upon which one relies. And this knowledge was the knowledge of Seth, peace be upon him, and his spirit is what supplies every spirit that speaks of the like of this, except the spirit of the Seal, for the material [of this knowledge] comes to him only from God, not from any spirit among the spirits; rather, from his spirit comes the material for all the spirits, even though he does not conceive of this from himself at the time of the composition of his elemental body. For he, in respect of his reality and his rank, is knowing of all of that in very fact, from the respect in which he is ignorant of it in respect of his elemental composition. So he is the knowing-ignorant one (al-ʿālim al-jāhil), and thus admits of being characterized by opposites, just as the Root [i.e., the Essence] admits of being characterized [by opposites]. Commentary of al-Jāmī: with the difference of causes, the known objects differ, even if only by mere determination (taʿyīn) and individuation alone. And since the matter is thus,

al-Qāshānī

﴿فما في الحضرة الإلهية لاتساعها شيء يتكرر أصلا هذا هو الحق الذي يعول عليه﴾

قوله رضي الله عنه

His saying, may God be pleased with him

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فما في الحضرة الإلهية لاتساعها شئ يتكرر أصلا هذا هو الحق الذي نعول عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، نعتمد عليه. وذلك لأن الأسماء غير متناهية، والفائض أيضا من اسم واحد بحسب شخصيته يغاير شخصية ما هو مثله، فإن المثلين أيضا متغائران، فلا تكرار أصلا. لذلك قيل: إن الحق لا يتجلى بصورة مرتين. ولما كان الحق المشهود عنده أن الأعراض والجواهر في كل آن يتبدل، كما سيأتي ولا تكرار، قال

that is, upon which we depend. This is because the names are without end, and moreover the effusion (fayḍ) from a single name, in respect of its particular instantiation (shakhṣiyya), differs from the particular instantiation of its like; for even two like things (al-mathalān) differ from one another—so there is no repetition whatsoever. Hence it was said: the Real never discloses Himself in one form twice. And since the truth witnessed by [the author] is that accidents and substances change at every instant, as will come [below], with no repetition, he said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فما في الحضرة الإلهيّة لاتّساعها شيء يتكرّر أصلا﴾

ضرورة أنّها خزانة الأعطيات الغير المتناهية ، وهذا خلاف ما ذهب إليه أرباب التوحيد الرسمي ، من أنّ العطاء والعلم والفيض كلَّها في تلك الحضرة وحدانيّة الذات ، إنّما يتعدّد ويتكثّر بالأعيان والمظاهر القابلة ، وذلك لما أثبتوا لها من الوحدة المقابلة للكثرة . ولمّا كانت وحدتها عند الشيخ هي الوحدة الإطلاقيّة والأحديّة الجمعيّة الذاتيّة التي لا يشوبها شائبة ثنويّة التقابل أصلا ، فلا بدّ وأن يكون مخزن العطايا الغير المتناهية الغير المتكثّرة ، ، وإلى ذلك الخلاف أشار بقوله

by necessity, since it is the treasury of the unlimited gifts - and this is contrary to what the masters of formal/conventional unification (tawḥīd rasmī) held, namely that giving, knowledge, and effusion are all, in that Presence of the Essence's oneness, made multiple and many only by the receiving entities and loci of manifestation, because of the unity they affirmed for it as opposed to multiplicity. But since, according to the Shaykh, its unity is the absolute unity (al-waḥda al-iṭlāqiyya) and the essential unity of all-comprehensiveness (al-aḥadiyya al-jamʿiyya al-dhātiyya), unmixed with any trace whatsoever of dual opposition, the storehouse of the unlimited, non-multiple gifts must necessarily be [likewise]. And to that disagreement he alluded in his saying

Jāmī

﴿فما في الحضرة الإلهية لاتساعها﴾

وعدم انحصارها في حد معين

and its not being confined to any determinate limit,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فما في الحضرة الإلهية﴾

أي حضرة جمعية الأسماء

i.e., the presence of the totality of the Names

Jāmī

﴿شيء يتكرر﴾

لا من العطايا ولا من الأسماء المقتضية له

— neither among the gifts nor among the names that require it.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لاتساعها شيء يتكرر أصلا﴾

والتكرار إنما يكون بضيق المقام وقال تعالى: "ورحمتي وسعت كل شيء"107 سورة الأعراف. فإذا ثبت تميز كل شيء من الأشياء ثبت تمیز الأسماء (هذا) إشارة إلى كل ما ذكر في العطايا الأسمائية

repetition only occurs due to constriction of the station. God Most High says: "And My mercy encompasses all things" (Q. 7:156). So once the distinction of each thing among things is established, the distinction of the Names is thereby established. (This) refers to all that has been mentioned regarding the gifts pertaining to the Names

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهذا هو الحق الذي نعول عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وذلك لأن الوجود الذي هو ملزوم كمالات الشئ حاصل للموجود في كل آن حصولا جديدا، كما قال تعالى: "بل هم في لبس من خلق جديد". فحصول ما يتبعه على سبيل التجدد على طريق الأولى. و يظهر هذا المعنى لمن تحقق أن المعطى للوجود هو الله فقط، سواء كان بطريق الوجوب الذاتي أو بالإرادة والاختيار والحكمة أو بواسطة أسمائه وصفاته والباقي أسباب ووسائط، وفيضه دائم لا ينقطع. فالمستفيض، سواء كان عقولا ونفوسا مجردة أو أشياء زمانية، يحصل لهم في كل آن وجود مثل الوجود الأول ولا تكرار، وهكذا فيما يتبعه. والله أعلم

This is because existence (al-wujūd), which necessarily entails the perfections of the thing, occurs for the existent anew at every instant, as He, Most High, said: "Nay, but they are in confusion (labs) regarding a new creation." So the occurrence of what follows upon it, by way of renewal, is all the more fitting. This meaning becomes evident to one who has verified that the Giver of existence is God alone—whether by way of essential necessity, or by will, choice, and wisdom, or by means of His names and attributes, the rest being causes and intermediaries—and that His effusion (fayḍ) is perpetual and unceasing. So whatever receives the effusion (al-mustafīḏ)—whether disembodied intellects and souls, or temporal things—receives at every instant an existence like the first existence, with no repetition; and likewise for whatever follows upon it. And God knows best.

Ibn Turka

﴿هذا هو الحق الذي يعول عليه﴾

كما قال في نظمه : كثرة لا تتناهي عدد ..... قد طوتها وحدة الواحد طي

- as he said in his verse: "An unlimited multiplicity of number... the oneness of the One has folded it up in folding"

Jāmī

﴿أصلا هذا﴾

والذي من اتساعها وعدم التكرار فيه

which is [an instance] of its vastness and the absence of repetition in it,

Jāmī

﴿هو الحق الذي يعول﴾

أي يعتمد (عليه) ، ولذلك قيل: إن الحق لا يتجلى بصورة مرتين وفي صورة الإثنين. ويلزم منه القول بالخلق الجديد الذي أكثر الخلائق في لبس منه . كما قال تعالى:( "بل هم في لبس من خلق جديد") آية 15 سورة ق

, i.e., upon which one depends — and it is for this reason that it was said: the Real never discloses Himself in one form twice, nor in a single form to two [recipients]. And it follows from this the doctrine of the New Creation (al-khalq al-jadīd), concerning which most creatures are in confusion, as He, exalted, said: ("Nay, they are in confusion over a new creation") — verse 15 of Sūrat Qāf.

Bālī Zāde

﴿هو الحي الذي يعول عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

عند أهل الحقيقة

upon which reliance is placed] among the people of Reality

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.