Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

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27 · 83 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فمِنْ شَجَرَةِ نَفْسِهِ جَنى ثَمَرَةَ عِلْمِهِ كالصُّورَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ مِنْهُ في مُقابَلَةِ الجِسْمِ الصَّقِيلِ ليسَ غَيْرَهُ إلَّا أَنَّ المَحَلَّ أوِ الحَضْرَةَ التي رَأَى فيها صُورَةَ نَفْسِهِ تُلْقِي إِلَيْهِ بِتَقَلُّبٍ مِنْ وَجْهٍ بِحَقِيقَةِ تِلْكَ الحَضْرَةِ كما يَظْهَرُ الكَبِيرُ في المِرْآةِ الصَّغِيرَةِ صَغِيرًا أوِ المُسْتَطِيلَةُ مُسْتَطِيلًا وَالمُتَحَرِّكَةُ مُتَحَرِّكًا وقدْ تُعْطِيهِ ٱنْتِكَاسُ صُورَتِهِ مِنْ حَضْرَةٍ خاصَّةٍ وقدْ تُعْطِيهِ عَيْنَ ما يَظْهَرُ مِنْها فَيُقَابِلُ اليَمِينُ مِنْها اليَمِينَ مِنَ الرَّائِي وقدْ يُقابِلُ اليَمِينُ اليَسارَ وهوَ الغالِبُ في المَرايا بِمَنْزِلَةِ العادَةِ في العُمُومِ وبِخَرْقِ العادَةِ يُقابِلُ اليَمِينُ اليَمِينَ ويَظْهَرُ الانْتِكاسُ

So from the tree of his own self he gathered the fruit of his knowledge, like the form that appears from him when facing a polished body: it is not other than him. However, the locus, or the presence, in which he saw the form of himself casts [it] to him with a certain alteration in one respect, according to the reality of that presence. Thus the large appears small in a small mirror, elongated in an elongated [mirror], and moving in a moving [one]. From a particular presence it may give him his form inverted. Or it may give him the very self of what appears from it, so that its right [side] faces the right of the viewer. Or the right may face the left, and this is what predominates in mirrors, holding the place of the customary course in general. By the breaking of custom, the right faces the right and the inversion becomes manifest.

On the whole passage · 2 of 6

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وقد تعطيه انتكاس صورته من حضرة خاصة، وقد تعطيه عين ما ظهر منها، فتقابل اليمين منها اليمين من الرائي، وقد يقابل اليمين اليسار وهو الغالب في المرائي بمنزلة العادة في العموم وبخرق العادة يقابل اليمين اليمين ويظهر الانتكاس، وهذا كله من أعطيات حقيقة الحضرة المتجلى فيها التي أنزلناها منزلة المرايا. فمن عرف استعداده عرف قبوله.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: الشكل الظاهر في المرآة شبهها الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، بالنور الحق تعالى الذي يرى فيه المشاهد نفسه والذي ذكره في هذا المعنى ههنا ظاهر. لكني أقول : في المرأة كلاما. فمن فهمه فلا بد أن يعظمني ويصفني بالإدراك التام ومن لم يفهمه فهو عندي معذور لأن أهل الفهم كلهم عجزوا عن ادراکه. فمن ذلك ما يراه الناظر في المرآة فإن الشكل الذي يبدو في المرآة من أعجب الأشياء عند من لا يعرف الحقيقة والذي أقوله فيها. إن العجب هو كون الإنسان لا يرى وجهه في كل شيء لأن الوحدانية قائمة بكل الأشياء لكن المرآة لما تشابهت أجزاؤها أشبهت النور الوحداني بالصقال الذي فيها، فظهر ما قابلها بها لا فيه. ومن أسرار رؤية الشكل في المرآة أن الإنسان المقابل لها يظن أن يمينه يقابل شمال الشكل وشماله يقابل يمين الشكل وليس كذلك . بل اليمين يقابل اليمين والشمال يقابل الشمال لأنك لما أقبلت بوجهك على المرآة انبعث منك نور وجودي ما كان يظهر لعين الرائي حتى انعكس في الصيقل من المرآة ولم يتفرق أجزاؤه كما تفرقت فيما ليس بصیقل وكأنه تكاثف تكاثفا ما ووجه الشكل ما كان مقابلا لوجهك بل ظهره هو المقابل لوجهك. لأنك لما قابلته كنت متوجها إلى القبلة مثلا أو غيرها، فيكون الشكل مستقبلا للقبلة أيضا فما رأيت منه إلا قفاه لكن اتفق أنه ليس قفا لأنه وجه كله. فلما نظرت إليه من الجهة التي هي قفاه ولم يكن إلا وجها، فما رأیت إلا وجها وبصرك وقع على ذلك الوجه الذي هو مستقبل للقبلة وأنت أيضا مستقبلها . ولا يمكن إلا هذا لأنك ما قابلته بالقفا، فيكون للشكل قفا فهو وجه كله من حيث ما رأيته، فكلاكما متوجه إلى جهة واحدة. فالذي يقابل يمينك هو يمنه والذي يقابل شمالك هو شماله لأن نظرك إليه هو من ورائه . وأما رؤية الانسان الواقف إلى جانب غدير الماء منكوسا فهو واجب لأن الواقف لا في سطح الماء بجملته فظهر ما كان قريبا لسطح وجه الماء وهو رجلاه تلي سطح الماء في القرب ثم تباعد ما فوق رجليه ويقدر بعده تباعد شكله في الماء واستمرت هذه المقابلة إلى الرأس. فكان الرأس أبعد من بقية الجسد إلى سطح وجه الماء، فلا جرم ظهر الشكل رأسه بعید من وجه سطح الماء ولو لم يظهر منكوسا لما طابق الشكل صاحبه في البعد والقرب من سطح الماء. فلا المرآة كذبت ولا الماء كذب وكذلك غصون الشجر في نظرك إليها في الماء وكذلك الكواكب لما كانت بعيدة من سطح وجه الماء ظهرت في الماء بعيدة. وأما أصل مسئلتنا وهو رؤية العبد نفسه في مرآة وجود الحق فمن عرف وحدانية الوجود، عرف أن نفس رؤيته نفسه، هو عين رؤيته ربه، تبارك وتعالى. ولو رأى الرائي نفسه من حيث ما يغاير الرأي المرئي لما رأى شيئا لأن الوجود واحد وليس مع الوجود غيره والاعتبار الذهني الذي وقع به الاختلاف عند المقايسة الذهنية ما كثر الواحد. ولو فرضنا مثلا أن العالم يذوب مثلا كما يذوب الشمع لقام جوهر النور وحده ولم يشهد أنه فارقه بما ليس بوجود أو نقص الجوهر الوجودي الانعدام الصور التي كذب الحس في اعتقاده أنها كانت موجودة بل هو مع الصور واحد كما هو بدونها واحد ومن لم يشهد هذا، فما أدرك وحدانية النور الذي انتفخت فيه صور العالم. وقولنا: انتفخت فيه صور العالم أو وجدت أو انعدمت إنما أحوجنا إليه ضرورة العبارة وما ثم إلا الوجود وأما تعيناته واعتباراتها، فما كانت موجودة حتى تقول إنها تنعدم ومن لم يغب بالفناء عن رؤية الأغيار، فما يري نور الأنوار. فنعود إلى تحقيق أمر الأشكال الظاهرة في المرآة، فنقول: أما رؤية الشكل في السيف طويلا فله سبب وذلك أن النور الذي انبعث من المقابل للمرآة ما انعكس منه إلا في متطاول فصار متطاولا. كما إذا سبکت الذهب الذائب من البوتقة في متطاول صار سبيكة طويلة وإن سكبته في مستدير صار مستديرا، لأن النور الصادر من المقابل للمرآة ما استصحب شكل المقابل معه بل صدر نورا بسيطا لا شكل له، فقبل التشكل بصورة الوعاء . ولما كان ما سبك من البوتقة ذهبا وحده كانت سبيكة ذهبا لا سبيكة فضة مثلا، فظهر حقيقة المقابل إن كان إنسانا فإنسان ، وإن كان غيره فغيره. وعرض له من الوعاء الذي انتقل إليه من البوتقة شكل لا يغير حقيقة المسكوب ولا يخل بما يقتضيه حقيقة الوعاء وقول رضي الله عنه: قد يقابل اليمين اليسار يعني في ظن الرأي لا في حقيقة الأمر بل الأمر كما قاله أولا والعادة في العموم غلط، والتحقيق هو الأول . و قوله الشيخ رضي الله عنه

I say: The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, likened the form appearing in the mirror to the true Light (al-nūr al-ḥaqq), exalted is He, in which the beholder sees himself; and what he mentioned in this regard here is clear. But I say concerning the mirror something further. Whoever understands it must surely exalt me and describe me as possessing complete comprehension, and whoever does not understand it is excused in my view, for all the people of understanding have been incapable of grasping it. Among this is what the observer sees in the mirror: the form that appears in the mirror is among the most astonishing of things to one who does not know the reality; and this is what I say concerning it. The astonishing thing is that man does not see his face in everything, since Oneness (al-waḥdāniyya) subsists in all things; but the mirror, since its parts resemble one another, resembles the unitary Light through the polish within it, so that whatever faces it appears by means of it, not within it. Among the secrets of seeing the form in the mirror is that the person facing it supposes that his right corresponds to the left of the form and his left to the right of the form, but it is not so; rather, the right corresponds to the right and the left corresponds to the left. For when you turn your face toward the mirror, an existential light is emitted from you which would not appear to the eye of the viewer until it is reflected in the polished surface of the mirror; and its parts do not disperse as they would disperse in what is not polished, but rather it condenses in a certain condensation. And the face of the form was not facing your face; rather, its back was what faced your face. For when you faced it, you were oriented toward the qibla, for example, or elsewhere; so the form would likewise be facing the qibla, and you would see of it only its nape — except that it happens not to be a nape, since it is entirely face. So when you looked at it from the side that is its nape, and it was nothing but a face, you saw nothing but a face, and your sight fell upon that face which faces the qibla, while you too face it. Nothing else is possible, for you did not face it with your nape, so that the form would have a nape; rather it is entirely face insofar as you see it, so both of you are oriented toward one and the same direction. So that which corresponds to your right is its right, and that which corresponds to your left is its left, because your looking at it is from behind it. As for the seeing of a person standing at the side of a pool of water as inverted, this is necessary, because the one standing is not reflected on the surface of the water in his entirety; so what was nearest to the surface of the water's face appeared first — namely his feet, which are nearest to the surface of the water in proximity — then what is above his feet grows more distant, its distance in the water being proportional to his actual distance, and this correspondence continues up to the head. So the head is farther from the surface of the water's face than the rest of the body; hence necessarily the form's head appeared distant from the face of the water's surface. And had it not appeared inverted, the form would not have matched its owner in distance and proximity from the surface of the water. So neither the mirror lied nor the water lied. Likewise the branches of a tree, when you look at them in the water; and likewise the stars, since they are distant from the surface of the water's face, they appear distant in the water. As for the root of our question, namely the servant's seeing himself in the mirror of the existence of the Real, whoever knows the oneness of existence (waḥdāniyyat al-wujūd) knows that his very seeing of himself is identical with his seeing of his Lord, blessed and exalted is He. Were the viewer to see himself in a respect that differs from the viewed, he would see nothing, for existence is one and there is nothing besides existence; and the mental consideration by which difference occurred in mental comparison does not multiply the One. And if we supposed, for instance, that the world melted as wax melts, the substance of the Light alone would subsist, and one would not witness that it had been separated from by what is not existence, nor that the existential substance had been diminished by the non-existence of the forms which the senses mistakenly believed to have been existent. Rather, it is one together with the forms just as it is one without them. And whoever does not witness this has not grasped the oneness of the Light in which the forms of the world have swelled up. Our statement that 'the forms of the world have swelled up in it,' or 'came into existence,' or 'passed out of existence,' is something the necessity of expression compelled us to; for there is nothing but Existence, and as for its entifications (taʿayyunāt) and considerations, they were never existent such that one could say they pass out of existence. And whoever has not become absent through annihilation (fanāʾ) from the sight of otherness does not see the Light of lights. Let us return to the verification of the matter of the forms appearing in the mirror. We say: as for the appearance of the form elongated in the sword, this has a cause: the light emitted from that which faces the mirror is reflected only in an elongated surface, and so it becomes elongated — just as when you cast molten gold from the crucible into an elongated mold, it becomes an elongated ingot, and if you pour it into a round mold, it becomes round — for the light issuing from that which faces the mirror does not carry with it the shape of the one facing it, but issues as a simple light having no shape, and so it accepts being shaped by the form of the vessel. And since what was cast from the crucible was gold alone, the ingot was an ingot of gold, not, for instance, an ingot of silver; so the reality of what faces the mirror appears — if it is a human being, then a human being, and if something else, then something else. And there accrues to it, from the vessel into which it passed from the crucible, a shape which does not alter the reality of what was poured, nor does it impair what the reality of the vessel requires. As for his saying, may God be pleased with him, 'the right sometimes corresponds to the left' — he means this in the supposition of the viewer, not in the reality of the matter; rather, the matter is as he stated it first, and the general custom is an error, while the verified truth (taḥqīq) is the first statement. And his saying, the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him:

Jāmī

﴿كما يظهر الكبير في المرآة الصغيرة صغيرا أو المستطيلة مستطيلا، و المتحركة متحركا. و قد تعطيه انتكاس صورته من حضرة خاصة، و قد تعطيه عين ما يظهر منها فتقابل اليمين منها اليمين من الرائي، و قد يقابل اليمين اليسار و هو الغالب في المرايا بمنزلة العادة في العموم: و بخرق العادة يقابل اليمين اليمين و يظهر الانتكاس.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

شرح الجامي : باللام التعليلية ، أي لاقتضاء حقيقتها ذلك الانقلاب

Jāmī's commentary: The lām is causal (li-l-taʿlīl), i.e., because the reality of it [the presence] necessitates that transformation.

﴿و هذا كله من أعطيات حقيقة الحضرة المتجلى فيها التي أنزلناها منزلة المرايا. فمن عرف استعداده عرف قبوله، وما كل من عرف قبوله يعرف استعداده إلا بعد القبول، و إن كان يعرفه مجملا. إلا أن بعض أهل النظر من أصحاب العقول الضعيفة يرون أن الله، لما ثبت عندهم أنه فعال لما يشاء، جوزوا على الله تعالى ما يناقض الحكمة و ما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه. و لهذا عدل بعض النظار إلى نفي الإمكان و إثبات الوجوب بالذات و بالغير.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

شرح الجامي : كانت صحيحة مليحة في نفسها لكن لا تلائم المقام فإن الكلام في اختلافات صور صاحب الكشف بحسب الحضرات المتجلي فيها لا في اختلافات تجليات الحق سبحانه بحسبها. (وهذا) الذي ذكرناه (كله) من تنوعات اختلافات الصور المفيضة على صاحب الكشف المفهومة مما سبق من ضرب المثال. (من أعطيات الحضرة المنجلي فيها التي أنزلناها منزلة المرايا) ، فكما أن الظاهر في المرايا ينقلب بحسبها وكذلك انقلاب صور صاحب التجلي بحسب الحضرة المتجلي فيها لصاحب الكشف

Jāmī's commentary: This was sound and fine in itself, but it does not suit the context, for the discourse concerns the differences among the forms of the possessor of unveiling according to the presences in which the self-disclosure occurs, not the differences among the self-disclosures of the Real, glory be to Him, according to them. (And this) which we have mentioned, (all of it), of the varieties of the differing forms that flow upon the possessor of unveiling, understood from the preceding examples given, (is among the gifts of the presence in which the self-disclosure occurs, which we have set in the rank of mirrors) — for just as what appears in mirrors transforms according to them, likewise the transformation of the forms of the one who receives the self-disclosure, according to the presence in which the self-disclosure occurs for the possessor of unveiling—

al-Qāshānī

﴿فمن شجرة نفسه جنى ثمرة غرسه ، كالصورة الظاهرة منه في مقابلة الجسم الصقيل ليس غيره ، إلا أن المحل أو الحضرة التي رأى فيها صورة نفسه ، تلقى إليه بتقلب من وجه لحقيقة تلك الحضرة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ليس ذلك المرئي غيره وإلا لكان فيه قبل مقابلته ، إلا أن الحضرة التي رأى فيها صورته ملقية إليه تنصبغ صورته بصبغها . أي بصبغ الحضرة المتجلى فيها وشكلها وخصوصياته

that is: that which is seen is none other than himself, for otherwise it would have already been in him prior to his facing it; except that the presence in which he saw his own form, as it conveys it to him, dyes his form with its own dye — that is, with the dye of the presence in which the self-disclosure occurs, and its shape and its particular characteristics.

Ibn Turka

﴿فمن شجرة نفسه﴾

المنغرسة في أرض استعداده بید ما له من القوة العالمة العاملة الساقية لها من مشربه المعلوم له من مقسم : "قد علم كل أناس مشربهم ". ( جني ثمرة غرسه ) وفي بعض النسخ : « ثمرة علمه » ، لكن الأول أقرب إلى مساق العبارة وترشيح الاستعارة -. وفي تخصيصه هذه العطايا أولا عند نفيها بالزمان ، وثانيا عند إثباتها بالمكان لطيفة لايخفى على الفطن. سبب الاختلاف في الكشف : ثم إنه لما كان مأنوس طباع الجمهور في الصورة المذكورة غير ما ذهب إليه بناء على أن الصورة المشاهدة قد تختلف المشاهد واحد في أوقاته وحالاته. فلو كانت من نفسه ما تغيرت الصورة لعدم تغيرها أراد أن يبينه في مثال يكشف عن تلك الاختلافات ، ويطابق الصورة المذكورة كل التطابق . فإن نسبة هذا المكاشف إلى ما اقتطف من غرس نفسه من حيث أنه ليس لأحد في تحصيل ذلك الأمر وتصويره مدخل غيره بعينه

which is planted in the earth of his preparedness (istiʿdād), by means of the knowing, working power he possesses, which waters it from that drinking-place known to him, from the division: "Every people has known its drinking-place already known to it." (the plucking of the fruit of his planting) — in some copies: "the fruit of his knowledge" — but the first is closer to the flow of the expression and the elaboration of the metaphor. In his specifying these gifts first, when negating them, by time, and second, when affirming them, by place, there is a subtlety not hidden from the perceptive. The cause of divergence in unveiling: Then, since the familiar disposition of the generality regarding the form mentioned differs from what he [the author] holds — on the basis that the witnessed form may vary while the witness is one in his times and states — for if it were from his own self the form would not change, since it [the self] does not change, he wished to clarify this with an example that would disclose those variations and correspond fully to the form mentioned. For the relation of this unveiler to what he has gathered from the planting of his own self — inasmuch as no one else has any part in obtaining that matter and giving it form — is [as follows]

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كالصورة الظاهرة منه في مقابلة الجسم الصقيل ليس غيره إلا أن المحل، أو الحضرة التي رأى فيها صورة نفسه، يلقى إليه بتقلب من وجه لحقيقة تلك الحضرة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، ليس ذلك المرائي غير الرائي، كما أن الصورة الظاهرة في المرآة ليست غيره، إلا أن الحضرة التي رأى فيها صورة نفسه تلقى إلى الرائي صورته متقلبا من وجه، لذلك يظهر الخير المحسن على أحسن الصور والشرير الظالم على أقبحها، كصورة الكلب والسباع، وذلك لما يقتضيه حقيقة تلك الحضرة. فإن الخيال يظهر الأعيان كما هي، أو على صور صفات غالبة عليها لاغير، فيحتاج إلى التعبير. فالباء في قوله: "بتقلب" بمعنى "مع". و "اللام" في "لحقيقة تلك الحضرة" للتعليل. أي، لأجل اقتضاء تلك الحضرة ذلك التقلب

That is, that which is seen is not other than the seer, just as the form appearing in the mirror is not other than him; except that the presence in which he saw the form of himself conveys to the seer his form transformed in aspect. For this reason the good and beneficent appears in the most beautiful of forms, and the wicked and unjust appears in the ugliest of them, such as the form of a dog or beasts of prey — this being due to what the reality of that presence requires. For the imagination (khayāl) displays entities as they are, or in forms of attributes predominant over them — nothing else — and thus requires interpretation (taʿbīr). The "bāʾ" in his statement "with a transformation" is in the sense of "maʿa" (with), and the "lām" in "according to the reality of that presence" is for causation, meaning: because the reality of that presence requires that transformation.

Ibn Turka

﴿كالصورة الظاهرة منه في مقابلة الجسم الصقيل ، ليس غيره﴾

بالذات ، كما لايخفى

in essence, as is not hidden

Jāmī

﴿كالصورة الظاهرة منه﴾

أي من صاحب الكشف في الجسم الصقيل حاز کونه

— i.e., from the possessor of unveiling — in the polished body, insofar as it has attained its being—

Bālī Zāde

﴿كالصورة الظاهرة﴾

أي مثال الصورة الملقية إلى صاحب الكشف في العينية هو الصورة الظاهرة

that is, the likeness of the form cast to the possessor of unveiling, in respect of its being his very self, is the outward [visible] form,

Jāmī

﴿في مقابلة … الجسم الصقيل ليس﴾

أي المرئي من الصورة في الجسم الصقيل

not — i.e., what is seen of the form in the polished body—

Bālī Zāde

﴿منه في مقابلة الجسم المقبل ليس غیره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي كما أن هذه الصورة ليست غيره بل عينه كذلك هذه الصورة المعنوية ليس غیره (إلا) استثناء عن قوله فتلك الصورة عينه لا غيره لبيان وجه المغايرة

that is, just as this [visible] form is not other than him but is his very self, so likewise this meaning-form (al-ṣūra al-maʿnawiyya) is not other than him. (except) an exception from his saying "that form is his very self, not other than him," to explain the aspect of difference,

Ibn Turka

﴿ليس غيره﴾

في حال من تلك الأحوال ؛ ( فيعلم ولا يعلم ، ويدري ولا يدري ، ويشهد ولا يشهد ) . سبب تسمية شيث : قال رضي الله عنه

in any of those states; (so he knows and does not know, and he is aware and is not aware, and he witnesses and does not witness). The reason for Seth's naming: he, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿غيره إلا أن المحل أو الحضرة التي رأى فيها صورة نفسه تلقى إليه﴾

أي ملقية إليه ما لم تكن عنده.. فقوله : تلقى إليه مفعول ثاني للرؤية (ينقلب)صيغة مضارع من الانقلاب. هكذا كانت مقيدة في النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ رضي الله عنه وهو خبر أن يعني أن الحضرة التي ترى فيها صورته تنقلب الصورة المرئية فيها وتتحول

— i.e., conveying to him what he did not [already] possess. His statement 'conveys to him' is the second object of [the verb] 'seeing.' 'Yanqalibu' is a present-tense form derived from inqilāb (transformation). Thus it was vocalized/fixed in the copy read before the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, and it is the predicate of 'anna,' meaning that the presence in which his form is seen — the form seen within it transforms and changes—

Ibn Turka

﴿إلا أن المحل﴾

يعني الجسم الصقيل

— meaning the polished body

Bālī Zāde

﴿إن المحل أو الحضرة﴾

وهي حضرة الخيال

namely the Presence of Imagination,

Words 19–20 · 1 of 6

أوِ الحَضْرَةَ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿أو الحضرة﴾

يعني المواطن الأسمائية المتجلى فيه

— meaning the nominal loci (mawāṭin) in which the self-disclosure (tajallī) occurs

Ibn Turka

﴿التي رأى فيها صورة نفسه تلقي إليه﴾

تلك الصورة (ينقلب من وجه حقيقة تلك الحضرة) والخصوصية الامتيازية التي لمحل . وذلك لأن المحل المشاهد فيه إذا كان له الوجوه الامتيازية بينه وبين المشاهد ، وغلب عليه ذلك ، لابد وأن يرى صورته في ذلك المحل أو الحضرة المتجلى فيها ، منقلبة من تلك الوجوه ، جوهريا كان ذلك الامتياز أو عرضيا ، وجوديا أو عدميا

that form (is transformed from an aspect of the reality of that presence) and by the distinguishing specificity belonging to the locus. This is because the witnessed locus, if it has distinguishing aspects between it and the witness, and these predominate over it, then he must necessarily see his form in that locus, or the presence in which the self-disclosure occurs, transformed by virtue of those aspects — whether that distinction be substantial or accidental, existential or privative

Bālī Zāde

﴿التي رأى فيها صورة نفسه تلقى إليه﴾

أي تلقي تلك الحضرة تلك الصورة إلى الرائي (تتقلب من وجه) وذلك التقلب (لحقيقة تلك الحضرة) أي لأجل اقتضاء حقيقة تلك الحضرة . وذلك لا ينافي عينيتها بحسب الحقيقة فشبه أيضا هذه المعاني المثالية بالظاهر للإيضاح وتطبيق الظاهر بالباطن حتى يعلم منه أن العلم الظاهر وهو علم الشريعة وعلم الباطن وهو علم الحقيقة شيء واحد وحقيقة واحدة لا مغايرة بينهما. إلا بتقلب من وجه الحقيقة المحل وهي قلوب المؤمنين لتفاوت درجات عقولهم فكلم الناس على قدر عقولهم فالمغايرة حاصلة لمرآة قلوبهم. فقال

that is, that Presence casts that form to the one who sees it (transforms in aspect) and that transformation (is due to the reality of that Presence), that is, on account of what the reality of that Presence requires; and that does not negate its being identical [with him] in reality. So he likened these imaginal meanings also to the outward [form], for clarification, and to make the outward correspond to the inward, so that it be known thereby that the outward knowledge—which is the knowledge of the Law—and the inward knowledge—which is the knowledge of Reality—are one thing and one reality, with no difference between them, save for a transformation in aspect [arising] from the reality of the locus, namely the hearts of the believers, on account of the disparity in the degrees of their intellects. For he spoke to people according to the measure of their intellects; so the difference occurs on account of [the diversity of] the mirrors of their hearts. He said:

Words 31–33 · 1 of 6

بِحَقِيقَةِ تِلْكَ الحَضْرَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿بحقيقة تلك الحضرة﴾

%~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : قال رضي الله عنه

%~% Text of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: He (may God be pleased with him) said

al-Qāshānī

﴿كما يظهر الكبير في المرآة الصغيرة صغيرا والمستطيلة مستطيلا والمتحركة متحركا ، وقد تعطيه انتكاس صورته من حضرة خاصة﴾

أي كما أن المحل المنظور فيه يؤثر في صورة الرائي . فقد يرى الرائي صورته في المرآة الكبيرة كبيرة ، وفي الصغيرة صغيرة ، وفي المستطيلة كالسيف مثلا طويلة . وفي المتحركة كالماء الجاري متحركة ، وفي الموضوع تحته كالماء منكسة ، فكذلك الحضرات التي يرى صاحب الكشف صورته فيها تؤثر في صورته وتقلبه إلى صورة تقتضيها الحضرة وحالها ، فإن رأى في الحضرة المثالية شخصا يقول له أنا الله . أو يعلم الرائي أنه الله فهو عينه في عالم المثال ، وصدق في قوله أنا الله باعتبار الحقيقة ، لأنه هو الحق ، لكن لا على صورته بل على صورة الرائي في محل الخيال . فهو الحق الذي يتجلى في صورة عينه ، رأى نفسه فيما يعطيه المحل المنظور فيه كالمرئى صورة عينه منصبغة بصبغ الخيال الذي رآها فيه وصورته صورة الحق المتجلى بصورة عينه

That is, just as the locus in which one is seen affects the form of the seer. For the seer may see his form in the large mirror as large, and in the small one as small, and in the elongated one — like a sword, for example — as elongated. And in the moving one, like flowing water, as moving, and in the one placed beneath as inverted. So likewise the presences in which the possessor of unveiling sees his form affect his form and transform it into a form required by the presence and its state. If he sees in the imaginal presence a person who says to him "I am God," or the seer knows that he is God, then that is his own entity (ʿayn) in the World of Imagination, and he spoke truly in saying "I am God" with respect to reality, because it is indeed the Real — but not in His own form, rather in the form of the seer in the locus of imagination. So it is the Real disclosing Himself in the form of his entity; he saw himself in what the locus of viewing imparted to him, just as the seen form of his entity is colored with the coloring of the imagination in which he saw it, and his form is the form of the Real self-disclosed in the form of his entity.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كما يظهر الكبير في المرآة الصغيرة صغيرا. ويظهر عين المستطيل في المستطيلة مستطيلا والمتحركة متحركا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، ويظهر غير المتحرك في المرآة المتحركة متحركا، كالماء حال كونه متحركا، فإنه يظهر ما هو ساكن عنده متحركا

, and the moving appears moving"] That is, and the non-moving appears moving in the moving mirror, like water when it is in motion — for it displays what is still, in relation to itself, as moving.

Ibn Turka

﴿كما يظهر الكبير في المرآة الصغيرة صغيرا ، والمستطيلة مستطيلا ، والمتحركة متحركا﴾

فعلم أن المواطن والحضرات الأسمائية التي يتحقق بها العبد ، و يساك فيها نحو مواقف القرب ، لها تأثير في مشاهداته و مكاشفاته من الصور اللائحة له في تلك المواطن التي هي بمنزلة المرايا . وذلك إنما يختلف بحسب علو الاستعداد وقربه لفضاء الإطلاق وانقهار أحكام المتقابلات فيه ، وانحطاطه في مضائق القيد ومهاوي البعد ، واستيلاء قهرمان تلك الأحكام عليه . فمن العباد من حاذي بوجه استعداده العلي مواطن تعطيه الصورة على ما هي عليه ، أو على قرب منه ، بأن تعطيه الصورة على ما عليه ، ولكن منتكسة في وضعها ، بأن جعل عاليها سافلها ، وخربها عن وضع قبولها ، كما للملامية" على ما قيل: وخلع عذارى فيك فرضي وإن أبى .... اقترابي قومي ؛ والخلاعة سنتي ومنهم من حاذی بوجه استعداده المنحط نحو مواطن إنما تعطيه الصورة منصبغة بتلك الأحكام الانحطاطية والوجوه التقابلية . وأشار إلى القسمين الأولين بقوله: ( وقد يعطيه انتكاس صورة من حضرة خاصة ، وقد يعطيه عين ما تظهر منها ، فيقابل اليمين اليمين من الرائي ) وإلى الثالث بقوله

— thus it is known that the nominal loci and presences by which the servant becomes realized, and in which he is made to walk toward the stations of nearness, have an effect upon his witnessings and unveilings, in the forms that appear to him in those loci which function as mirrors. This varies according to the elevation of preparedness and its nearness to the expanse of unconditionedness and the subjugation of the rulings of opposites within it, or its descent into the straits of restriction and the abysses of distance, and the domination of the overseer of those rulings over it. So among the servants there is one whose elevated preparedness faces loci that give him the form as it is, or close to it — giving him the form as it is, but inverted in its position, such that its upper becomes its lower, ruining it from the position proper to its reception — as with the Malāmatiyya, according to what has been said: "I stripped off veils in You, and my ancestry was content, though my drawing near refused; my kinfolk — and licentiousness is my way." And among them is one whose declining preparedness faces loci that give him the form only tinged with those declining rulings and oppositional aspects. He alluded to the first two divisions with his saying: (and it may give him an inverted form from a particular presence, and it may give him the very same as what appears from it, so that the right corresponds to the right of the viewer) and to the third with his saying

Jāmī

﴿كما يظهر الشيء الكبير في المرآة كبيرة أو﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الشيء (الصغير صغير ) فحقيقة المرأة الصغيرة يقتضي انقلاب صورة الكبير إلى الصغير . (و) كما يظهر الشيء الغير المستطيل في المرآة (المستطيل مستطيلا) كظهور الوجه في السيف المصقول الغير المتحرك. (و) المرآة (المتحرك متحركة) كالماء المتحرك فإنه يظهر فيه الساكن متحركة (وقد تعطیه)، أي تلك المرآة (انعکاس صورته) الخارجية

the thing (the small [appears] small) — for the reality of the small mirror necessitates the transformation of the form of the large into the small. (And) just as the non-elongated thing appears in the mirror (the elongated [appears] elongated) — like the appearance of the face in the polished, non-moving sword. (And) the (moving) mirror (appears moving) — like moving water, in which the still appears moving. (And it may give him) — i.e., that mirror — (the inversion of his form) — his external form—

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما يظهر الكبير في المرآة الصغير صغيرة و﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بظهر غير المستطيل (في المستطيلة مستطيلا) و يظهر غير المتحرك (في) المرآة (المتحركة متحركا) كالماء الجاري

the non-elongated appears (in the elongated [mirror]) elongated, and the non-moving appears (in) the moving (mirror as moving), like flowing water,

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وقد تعطيه انتكاس صورته من حضرة خاصة﴾

وذلك مثل الماء، فإن الشخص إذا نظر فيه يرى صورته منتكسة. وكل جسم صقيل إذا كان على وجه الأرض فهو يعطى الانتكاس

This is like water: for when a person looks into it, he sees his form inverted. And every polished body, if it is upon the face of the earth, gives an inversion.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وقد تعطيه انتكاس … صورته من حضرة خاصة﴾

كالماء فإن من نظر إليه وجد صورته منتكسة

like water, for one who looks into it finds his form inverted,

Words 50–52 · 1 of 6

مِنْ حَضْرَةٍ خاصَّةٍ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿من حضرة خاصة﴾

كما إذا كانت فوق رأسه وتحت قدمه

— as when it is above his head or beneath his foot.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وقد يعطيه عين ما يظهر منها ، فيقابل اليمين منها اليمين من الرائي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي وقد تعطيه حضرة أعلى من حضرة الخيال عين ما يظهر من الصورة لا عكسها كحضرة السر والروح ، فيقابل اليمين منها اليمين من الرائي ، كظهور الحق في صورة الإنسان الكامل مطلقا

That is, a presence higher than the presence of imagination may impart to him the very thing that appears from the form, not its reverse — like the presence of the innermost secret (sirr) and the spirit — so that the right side of it corresponds to the right side of the seer, as in the manifestation of the Real in the form of the perfect human absolutely.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وقد تعطيه عين ما يظهر منها، فيقابل اليمين منها اليمين من الرائي﴾

أي، وقد تعطى الحضرة للرائي عين ما يظهر من صورته من غير تغيير، فحينئذ يقابل اليمين من الصورة المرئية في المرآة اليمين من الرائي. ف "من" في "منها" الأول بيان "ما". وهذا أيضا في الماء: فإن اليمين منها يقابل اليمين من الرائي. وقيل: (إن في حضرة السر وحضرة الروح يقابل اليمين منها اليمين من الرائي). فأنت تعلم أن اليمين والشمال، بل الصورة مطلقا، لا يتصور إلا في حضرة الخيال والحس، وحضرات السر والروح والخفى، وغيرها من المراتب الروحانية، كلها مجردة من الصور وجهاتها، مع أن الغرض تمثيل المعقول بالمحسوس لا تمثيل المعقول بالمعقول

That is, the presence may sometimes give the viewer the very form that appears from him, without alteration; in that case the right side of the form seen in the mirror corresponds to the right side of the viewer. The "min" in the first "minhā" is explanatory of "mā." This too occurs in water: for its right side corresponds to the right side of the viewer. And it is said: "In the presence of the Secret (sirr) and the presence of the Spirit (rūḥ), the right side of it corresponds to the right side of the viewer." You should know that right and left, indeed form as such, can only be conceived in the presence of Imagination and Sense-perception, whereas the presences of the Secret, the Spirit, the Hidden (khafī), and other spiritual ranks, are all free of forms and their directions; the purpose here is only to represent the intelligible by the sensible, not to represent the intelligible by the intelligible.

Jāmī

﴿وقد تعطيه عين ما يظهر﴾

في المرآة (منها). أي من صورته الخارجية فمن بيان الموصول، أي تعطيه عين صورته الخارجية التي يظهر في المرآة من غير تعیین

in the mirror (from it) — that is, from his external form; so [the preposition] 'min' is explicative of the relative pronoun, that is, it gives him the very entity of his external form which appears in the mirror, without specification (taʿyīn).

Bālī Zāde

﴿وقد تعطيه عين ما يظهر منها﴾

أي من عين الرائي بدون انتكاس

that is, from the entity of the observer, without inversion

Jāmī

﴿فيقابل اليمين منها﴾

أي من الصورة الظاهرة في المرآة

that is, to the form appearing in the mirror

Bālī Zāde

﴿فيقابل اليمين منها﴾

أي من الصورة

that is, to the right of the form

Jāmī

﴿اليمين من الرائي﴾

كما إذا كانت المرآيا متعددة فإنه إذا ظهرت صورة الراني في مرآة مقابلة لمرة أخرى فلا شك أنه تظهر صورته في المرة الثانية بصورة الأصل. لأن عکس العكس إنما يكون بصورة الأصل

— as when the mirrors are multiple; for if the form of the viewer appears in a mirror facing another mirror, then undoubtedly his form appears in the second mirror in the form of the original — because the reverse of the reverse is [always] in the form of the original.

Bālī Zāde

﴿اليمين من الرائي … وقد يقابل اليمين اليسار وهو﴾

أي كون اليمين مقابلا لليسار

of the viewer … and it may sometimes make the right correspond to the left, and that is] that is, the right's corresponding to the left

al-Qāshānī

﴿وقد يقابل اليمين اليسار﴾

كما في الحضرة الخيالية

as in the imaginal presence.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وقد يقابل اليمين اليسار، وهو الغالب في المرآيا بمنزلة العادة في العموم﴾

و ذلك بحسب الاعتبار، فإنك إذا اعتبرت جهة اليمين من الصورة المرئية في المرآة، وجدت يمينها مقابلا ليسارك ويسارها مقابلا ليمينك، كالإنسان إذا كان مقابلا وجهه إلى وجهك. وأما إذا اعتبرت التقابل بين صورتك والصورة المرئية فيها، يكون اليمين منك مقابلا ليمين ما في المرآة، ألا ترى إنك إذا وضعت أصبعك على وجهك الأيمن، مثلا، يظهر ذلك في الوجه الذي يقابل وجهك الأيمن، فهو يمينها في الحقيقة، وإن كنت تتوهم أنه الوجه الأيسر، لأن ذلك الوجه هو عين هذا الوجه منك لا غيره

This is according to the consideration involved: for if you consider the right side of the form seen in the mirror, you find its right corresponding to your left, and its left corresponding to your right — like a person facing you face to face. But if you consider the correspondence between your own form and the form seen in it [directly, i.e., as belonging to the same body], then your right corresponds to the right of what is in the mirror. Do you not see that if you place your finger on your right cheek, for instance, this appears on the face that corresponds to your right cheek, so it is in reality its right side, even though you may imagine it to be the left side — because that face is the very same as this face of yours, and no other.

Ibn Turka

﴿وقد يقابل اليمين اليسار ، وهو الغالب في المرايا بمنزلة العادة في العموم﴾

وذلك لأن الأجسام الصقيلة التي ترى مثل المحسوسات بعمومها، إنما يراها لدى الاستقبال ومواجهة الرائي للجسم الصقيل. ولا شك أن ظهور أحكام التقابل يقتضي أن يقابل اليمين اليسار، لكن إذا علا الرائي علوا إحاطيا لا يظهر تلك الأحكام كما ظهر لدى المواجهة، فتعطي المرآة حينئذ انتكاس الصورة من الحضرة الخاصة. وهي الحضرة التي انخلع في طوى إطلاقها نعلا التقابل، وإذا بلغ منتهاها يصير المظهر عين الظاهر على ما هو محتد ذوق الختم وحقيقته كما عرفت. وعند سطوع تباشير هذه المرتبة تنطوي أحكام تمايز العقل على ما هو محتد ذوق العامة وحقيقة آدم وتختفي كواكب تمييزه العادي وتفرقته الرسمية المأنوسة للكل، وتفصيل جزئيات الأنوار اللائحة عليه في ظلمات نشأته الكونية. وإليه أشار بقوله

— this is because the polished bodies that show forth things like sensory objects in their generality are seen only upon direct facing and confrontation of the viewer with the polished body. There is no doubt that the manifestation of the rulings of opposition requires that the right correspond to the left; but if the viewer rises with an encompassing elevation, those rulings do not manifest as they manifested upon direct confrontation, and the mirror then gives the inverted form from the particular presence. This is the presence in whose unconditioned folding the sandals of opposition are removed; and when one reaches its furthest extent, the locus of manifestation (maẓhar) becomes identical with the Manifest (al-Ẓāhir), according to what is the very substance and reality of the taste of the Seal, as you have come to know. At the dawning of the first rays of this station, the rulings of intellectual differentiation — which constitute the very substance of the common taste and the reality of Adam — are folded up, and the stars of his customary distinguishing and his conventional discrimination, familiar to all, disappear, along with the detailed particulars of the lights that shine upon him in the darknesses of his cosmic constitution. To this he alluded with his saying

Jāmī

﴿وقد يقابل اليمين من المرأة اليسار وهو الغالب في المراثي بمنزلة العادة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في غلبة الوقوع و کثرته

— in the predominance and frequency of its occurrence.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهو الغالب في المرايا بمنزلة العادة في العموم﴾

على حسب الحال الغالبة عليه ، فإذا جاوز هذه الحضرة يرى عينه في صورة صفاته إما مجردة عن هذه الصورة الخيالية وإما فيها فإن كان القلب في مقام الصدر أي وجهه الذي يلي النفس رآه في الصورة الخيالية فيدرك معنى الصورة بصفاته . وإن كان في مقام السر وهو وجهه الذي يلي الروح يراها مجردة وتكون في غاية الحسن والبهاء ، وإن بلغ صاحب الكشف حضرة الروح يرى عينه في مرآة الحق فهو الحق المتجلى بصورته ، فيرى الخلق حقا لأنه ما رآه إلا مقيدا بصورة عينه. ( وبحرق العادة تقابل اليمين اليمين ) أي على خلاف العادة لأنه يرى عينه بعينه في مرآة الحق ، فهو إذن كالرائى صورته في المرآة الكبيرة كبيرة ، وإذا شاهد الحق في صورة عينه أو غيره يرى الحق خلقا . كالرائى صورته في المرآة الصغيرة صغيرة

according to the state that predominates over it. So if he passes beyond this presence, he sees his entity in the form of his attributes, either stripped of this imaginal form or within it. If the heart is in the station of the breast — that is, its aspect facing the soul (nafs) — he sees it in the imaginal form, and so grasps the meaning of the form through its attributes. And if it is in the station of the innermost secret, which is its aspect facing the spirit, he sees it stripped [of that form], and it is then of the utmost beauty and splendor. And if the possessor of unveiling reaches the presence of the spirit, he sees his own entity in the mirror of the Real, and it is the Real disclosed in his form; thus he sees the creature as the Real, because he sees Him only as qualified by the form of his own entity. (And by breaking the customary pattern, the right corresponds to the right) — that is, contrary to the usual pattern — because he sees his own entity by means of his own entity in the mirror of the Real. He is then like one who sees his form in the large mirror as large; and when he witnesses the Real in the form of his own entity or another's, he sees the Real as a creature — like one who sees his form in the small mirror as small.

Bālī Zāde

﴿الغالب في المرايا بمنزلة العادة في العموم وبخرق العادة يقابل اليمين اليمين﴾

يعني أن اعتبرت صورتك في المرآة الإنسان المقابل وجهه وجهك كان يمينك مقابلا لیسار صورتك فكان هذا التقابل بمنزلة العادة إذ تقابل الصور الإنسانية يجري على ذلك عادة . وإذا اعتبرت أن ما يقابل يمينك من صورتك هو ما حصل عن يمينك فقد تقابل يمينك ليمين صورتك فكان هذا التقابل بخرق العادة

That is, if you consider the reflected image as the person facing you, whose face is opposite your face, then your right hand would correspond to the left side of your image—this correspondence being analogous to habitual custom, since the correspondence of human images customarily occurs in this way. But if you consider that what corresponds to your right hand in your image is what results on your right side, then your right has corresponded to the right of your image, and this correspondence constitutes a breaking of habitual custom.

Words 75–76 · 1 of 6

في العُمُومِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في العموم﴾

فإن غاية الرآيين إنما يرون صورهم لدى استقبالهم ومواجهتهم للمرائي (وبخرق) ما هو بمنزلة (العادة). أي بخلافه

— for the utmost that viewers see of their forms is upon their directly facing and confronting the mirrors. (And by the breaking) of what functions as (custom) — i.e., contrary to it—

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وبخرق العادة يقابل اليمين اليمين ويظهر الانتكاس﴾

هذا أيضا من خصوصية الماء. فإن الإنسان إذا وقف على جنب النهر، يرى فيه صورته منتكسة بحيث يقابل اليمين منه اليمين منها ظاهرا. وما رأينا في غيره من المرآيا أن يرى اليمين اليمين ويظهر الانتكاس، بل إذا حققت النظر، وجدت الماء أيضا بحيث لا يقابل اليمين من الرائي اليمين من الصورة، فان الشخص إذا انتكس، ينقلب يمينه يسارا ويساره يمينا. فما يقابل اليمين باليمين مع الانتكاس على سبيل خرق العادة، غير معلوم لنا. قيل: (إن يمين الشكل المرئي، في أي مرآة، كانت لا يزال مقابلا لليمين من الرائي واليسار لليسار، وإنما يظن الرائي عكسه لظنه أن المرئي في المرآة وجه الصورة، وليس كذلك، فإن الرائي إذا كان مستقبلا إلى القبلة، مثلا، يكون وجه الصورة في المرآة أيضا مستقبلا إلى القبلة، فالمرئي من الشكل هو القفاء، لكن لا قفاء له، لأنه وجه كله، فلا يزال يقابل اليمين اليمين و اليسار اليسار) . وفيه نظر. إذا الوجه والظهر لا يكون إلا لجرم كثيف، وما ثم إلا العكس من الوجه بل الحق أنه باعتبار الجهة من المرئي والرائي يظهر اليمين شمالا والشمال يمينا، وأما باعتبار التقابل فقط، دون الجهة، فكل من اليمين والشمال مقابل لما هو عكسه

This too is among the special properties of water. For when a person stands at the bank of a river, he sees his form in it reversed, such that its right outwardly corresponds to his right. And we have not seen in any other kind of mirror that the right should [appear to] correspond to the right with the reversal made manifest; rather, if you verify the observation closely, you will find that in water too the right side of the viewer does not correspond to the right side of the image, for when a person is reversed, his right becomes left and his left becomes right. So how the right corresponds to the right along with reversal, by way of breaking habitual custom, is not something known to us. It has been said: "The right of the visible form, in whatever mirror it may be, always corresponds to the right of the viewer, and the left to the left; the viewer only supposes the opposite because he supposes that what is seen in the mirror is the front (face) of the form, but this is not so. For if the viewer is facing the qibla, for example, the front of the form in the mirror likewise faces the qibla; so what is seen of the form is [really] the back, except that it has no back, since it is entirely a front. Hence the right always corresponds to the right, and the left to the left." But this involves a difficulty, since a front and a back can only belong to a dense (opaque) body, and here there is nothing but the reflection of the front. Rather, the truth is that, considered from the direction (jiha) of the one seen and the one seeing, the right appears as left and the left as right; but considered only from correspondence (taqābul), without regard to direction, each of the right and left corresponds to its opposite.

Ibn Turka

﴿وبخرق العادة يقابل اليمين اليمين ويظهر الانتكاس﴾

(وهذا) الانقلاب والاختلاف

— (this) transformation and variation

Jāmī

﴿أن يقابل اليمين اليمين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في بعض الحضرات كما عرفت عند تعدد المرآة

— in some presences, as you have learned in the case of multiple mirrors.

al-Qāshānī

﴿ويظهر الانتكاس﴾

لأن المرآة تحته مع كون اليمين يقابل اليمين لكون الحق بصره الذي به يبصره في مرآة عينه . وإن أطلق الحق عن قيد تعينه كالكامل المطلق الفاني في الله الشاهد للأشياء في الحق بعين الحق ، يرى الحق حقا والخلق خلقا والمطلق في المقيد والمقيد في المطلق . فيرى كل اسم من أسمائه موصوفا بجميع أسمائه كما سيأتي وقد استجيب في حقه دعاء النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام: « اللهم أرنا الحق حقا وارزقنا اتباعه ، وأرنا الباطل باطلا وارزقنا اجتنابه » . ومما ذكر يظهر معنى قوله

because the mirror is beneath him, even though the right corresponds to the right, since the Real is his own sight by which he sees Him in the mirror of his own entity. But if the Real is released from the restriction of His entification — as with the absolute perfect one, annihilated in God, who witnesses all things in the Real by the eye of the Real — he sees the Real as the Real and the creature as the creature, the absolute within the restricted and the restricted within the absolute. He then sees every one of His names as qualified by all of His names, as will come later. And in his regard the Prophet's supplication (peace and blessings be upon him) has been answered: "O God, show us the Real as real and grant us to follow it, and show us the false as false and grant us to avoid it." From what has been mentioned, the meaning of his statement becomes clear —

Jāmī

﴿ويظهر الانتكاس﴾

في بعض آخر. كما إذا كانت المرأة على خلاف العادة فوق رأس الرائي أو تحت قدمه كما مر . قيل : ظهور الكبير في المرآة الصغيرة ضرب مثال لظهور الحق في كل عين بحسبه، وظهور الغير المستطيل في المستطيلة ضرب مثال لظهور الحق سبحانه في عالم الأمر. فإن له طولا باعتبار سلسلة الترتيب، وظهور الغير المتحرك في المتحركة ضرب مثال لظهوره سبحانه في الأمور المتصرفة المتجددة آنا فآنا. وانتكاس الصورة في المرأة إذا كانت تحت الرائي في الوضع ضرب مثال لظهور الحق في الخلق خلقا. وانتكاسها فيها إذا كانت فوق الراني ضرب مثال لظهور الخلق في الحق وانتكاسها للحق حقا . وتقابل اليمين لليمين مثال لظهور الحق في الإنسان الكامل کاملا . ولليسار ضرب مثال لظهوره في غير الإنسان الكامل غير كامل. ولا يخفى عليك أن هذه التطبيقات وان %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : قال رضي الله عنه

— in some others, as when the mirror is, contrary to custom, above the viewer's head or beneath his foot, as previously mentioned. It has been said: the appearance of the large in the small mirror is an instance (ḍarb mathal) of the manifestation of the Real in every entity according to it; and the appearance of the non-elongated as elongated is an instance of the manifestation of the Real, glory be to Him, in the world of Command (ʿālam al-amr) — for it has length by virtue of the sequence of ordering; and the appearance of the non-moving as moving is an instance of His manifestation, glory be to Him, in the ever-changing affairs renewed instant after instant. And the inversion of the form in the mirror, when the mirror is beneath the viewer in position, is an instance of the manifestation of the Real in creation as creation (khalqan). And its inversion when the mirror is above the viewer is an instance of the manifestation of creation in the Real, and of its inversion for the Real as the Real (ḥaqqan). And the correspondence of right to right is an instance of the manifestation of the Real in the perfect human as perfect. And [correspondence] to the left is an instance of His manifestation in other than the perfect human, as imperfect. It is not hidden from you that these applications, although... %~% Text of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: He (may God be pleased with him) said

Bālī Zāde

﴿ويظهر الانتكاس﴾

أي وبخرق العادة يظهر الانتكاس إذ العادة في المقابلة الظهور على قدمه هذا كله ظاهر لمن نظر في المرآة . (هذا كله) أي الاختلاف المذكور بين الرائي والمرئي في حقيقة الحضرة أي تنوع الصورة على الرائي

That is, by the breaking of habitual custom, the inversion appears, since habitual custom in correspondence is that the image appear standing on its feet. All of this is manifest to whoever looks into a mirror. ("All of this") refers to the aforementioned difference between the seer and the seen with respect to the reality of the Presence—that is, the diversification of the form for the seer.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

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