Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶28 in the text

28 · 73 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وهذا كُلُّهُ مِنْ أَعْطِيَاتِ حَقِيقَةِ الحَضْرَةِ المُتَجَلِّي فيها التي أَنْزَلْناها مَنْزِلَةَ المَرايا فَمَنْ عَرَفَ اسْتِعْدادَهُ عَرَفَ قَبُولَهُ وما كُلُّ مَنْ عَرَفَ قَبُولَهُ يَعْرِفُ اسْتِعْدادَهُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ القَبُولِ وإنْ كانَ يَعْرِفُهُ مُجْمَلًا إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ النَّظَرِ مِنْ أَصْحابِ العُقُولِ الضَّعِيفَةِ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ اللهَ لَمَّا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّهُ فَعَّالٌ لِما يَشاءُ جَوَّزُوا على اللهِ ما يُنَاقِضُ الحِكْمَةَ وما هوَ الأَمْرُ عَلَيْهِ في نَفْسِهِ ولِهَذا عَدَلَ بَعْضُ النُّظّارِ إِلَى نَفْيِ الإِمْكانِ وإِثْباتِ الوُجُوبِ بِالذَّاتِ وبِالغَيْرِ

And all of this is among the gifts of the reality of the presence in which self-disclosure takes place, [the presence] which we have placed at the rank of mirrors. So whoever knows his preparedness knows his receiving; but not everyone who knows his receiving knows his preparedness, except after the receiving, even if he knows it in summary fashion. However, some of the people of rational speculation, among those possessed of weak intellects, hold that God, since it had been established for them that He is 'Doer of whatever He wills' [cf. Q 11:107; 85:16], [and so] they have deemed permissible for God what contradicts wisdom and [what contradicts] how the matter is in itself. And for this reason some of the speculative thinkers turned aside to the denial of possibility and the affirmation of necessity through the Essence and through another.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهذا كله من أعطيات حقيقة الحضرة المتجلى فيها التي أنزلناها منزلة المرائى … فمن عرف استعداده عرف قبوله ، وما كل من عرف قبوله يعرف استعداده إلا بعد القبول ، وإن كان يعرفه مجملا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

معلوم بما مر في أول هذا الفص عند تقسيم الواقفين على سر القدر . حيث قال : فمنهم من يعلم ذلك مجملا ومنهم من يعلمه مفصلا . قوله رضي الله عنه

This is understood from what preceded at the beginning of this Fass, in the division of those who stand upon the secret of destiny (qadar), where he said: among them is one who knows that in summary, and among them is one who knows it in detail. His statement, may God be pleased with him —

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهذا كله من أعطيات حقيقة الحضرة المتجلى فيها التي أنزلناها منزلة المرآيا﴾

فالحاصل، أن الحضرة التي يرى الإنسان صورته فيها تعطى لتلك الصورة خصوصية ما، لا تكون لغيرها، فإذا رأى الإنسان صورا متنوعة في حضرات متعددة، كحضرات الخيال والقلب والروح، لا ينبغي أن يتوهم أنها غيره، كما يجد التنوع في الصور التي في المرايا المتعددة مع أنه عالم بأنها صورته لا غير. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The upshot is that the Presence in which a person sees his form bestows upon that form a certain particularity that does not belong to any other. So when a person sees diverse forms in multiple presences — such as the presences of imagination, the heart, and the spirit — he should not imagine that they are other than himself, just as he finds diversity in the forms [seen] in multiple mirrors, even though he knows that they are none other than his own form. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿كله من اعطيات حقيقة الحضرة المتجلي فيها ، التي أنزلناها منزلة المرايا﴾

؛ ولا يتوهم التدافع بين هذا الكلام وبين ما قال : "ما في أحد من سوى نفسه شيء" فإن الحضرة المذكورة ليست مصدرا للعطاء إلآ باعتبار حقيقته التي هي عين المشاهد من القوابل المتكثرة ، وفي لفظ «المرايا» ما ينتهك عليه ، وقد سبق في الفص الآدمي ما يفيدك معنی الحقيقة ، في هذه الحضرة و وجه اختصاصها بها فلا نعبده . وإذ قد عرفت أن العالي على مرآة قابلیته واستعداده هو الذي تظهر الحقائق على ما هي عليه - دون من دونه ممن قابلها - ظهر لك وجه ارتباط قوله

; and one should not imagine a contradiction between this statement and his saying: "There is nothing in anyone from other than himself" — for the presence mentioned is not a source of bestowal except by consideration of its reality, which is identical with the witness among the multiple recipients; and in the term "mirrors" there is that which discloses this. It has already preceded in the Adamic bezel what would convey to you the meaning of reality (ḥaqīqa) in this presence and the reason for its specification thereby — so we need not repeat it. And since you now know that the one who rises above the mirror of his receptivity and preparedness is the one to whom realities appear as they are — unlike one beneath him who merely receives them — the connection of his saying becomes clear to you

Bālī Zāde

﴿من أعطيات حقيقة الحضرة المتجلي فيها التي أنزلناها منزلة المرائي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

و نسبنا هذه الأعطيات إلى المرايا وعلى الحقيقة كلها من حقيقة الحضرة المتجلي فيها . فإذا ثبت أن الصور المتنوعة على الرائي في الحضرات عين الرائي والكثرات تنشأ من الحضرات

We have attributed these gifts to the mirrors, whereas in reality they all belong to the reality of the Presence self-disclosing within it. So once it is established that the diversified forms appearing to the seer within the Presences are themselves the seer, then multiplicities arise from the Presences.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فمن عرف استعداده عرف قبوله، وما كل من عرف قبوله يعرف استعداده إلا بعد القبول وإن كان يعرفه مجملا﴾

لما ذكر أن العطايا بحسب القوابل يتنوع، أعاد كلامه في الاستعداد. و "الفاء" في

Since he had mentioned that gifts (ʿaṭāyā) vary according to the recipients (qawābil), he returns to discussing preparedness. The "fāʾ" in

﴿فمن عرف﴾

للنتيجة. أي، فمن عرف صورة استعداده وما يعطيه في كل وقت، عرف صورة قبوله، أي صورة ما يقبله ذلك الاستعداد، فإن العلم بالعلة للشئ، من حيث هي علة له، يوجب العلم بمعلولها. وليس كل من يعرف قبوله لشئ يعرف ما هو سبب لذلك القبول، إلا مجملا، ولا يعرفه مفصلا إلا بعد القبول، فإنه حينئذ يعرف ذلك الاستعداد المعين مما قبله

indicates result. That is, whoever knows the form of his preparedness and what it is given at each moment knows the form of his reception — i.e., the form of what that preparedness receives — for knowledge of the cause of a thing, insofar as it is a cause for it, necessitates knowledge of its effect. But not everyone who knows his reception of a thing knows what is the cause of that reception, except in summary fashion; and he does not know it in detail except after the reception, for then he comes to know that specific preparedness through what he has received.

Ibn Turka

﴿فن عرف استعداده عرف قبوله﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لما يستعده من المراتب و يستأهله من الحقائق ، ضرورة أنه هو العالي على مرآة استعداده ، فتعطيه الصورة منتكسة مطابقة

— of what he prepares himself for among the ranks and what he deserves among the realities, necessarily, since he is the one who rises above the mirror of his preparedness, so the form is given to him inverted, in correspondence [with reality]

Jāmī

﴿فمن عرف﴾

من أصحاب الكشف (استعداده) لهذه الأعطيات مفضلا (عرف) العطايا المقبولة و(قبوله) إياها

— among the possessors of unveiling — (his preparedness) for these gifts, in detail — (knows) the accepted gifts and (his reception) of them—

Bālī Zāde

﴿فمن عرف استعداده عرفه قبوله﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي عرف ما يقبل استعداده في كل زمان وفي كل حضرة

That is, he knows what his preparedness accepts in every time and in every Presence.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وما كل من يعرف قبوله يعرف استعداده إلا بعد القبول، وإن كان يعرفه مجملا﴾

و قوله رضي الله عنه

And his saying, may God be pleased with him:

Ibn Turka

﴿وما كل من عرف قبوله عرف استعداده إلا بعد القبول﴾

لأنه في حيطة أحكام التقابل ، فلا تعطيه مرآة استعدادها الصورة المطابقة ، فلا يعرفها بتفاصيل نسبها

— because he remains within the ambit of the rulings of opposition, so the mirror of his preparedness does not give him the corresponding form, and thus he does not know it in the details of its relations

Jāmī

﴿وما كل من يعرف قبوله﴾

الذي هو الأثر (یعرف) مفصلا (استعداده) السابق على القبول

— which is the effect — (knows) in detail (his preparedness) which precedes the reception—

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما كل من عرف قبوله﴾

أي ما يقبله استعداده

That is, what his preparedness accepts

Bālī Zāde

﴿يعرف استعداده إلا بعد القبول﴾

أي لولا الاستعداد ما قبل

That is, were it not for preparedness, he would not have accepted [it].

Words 25–27 · 1 of 6

إِلَّا بَعْدَ القَبُولِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إلا بعد القبول﴾

إذ ليس أن يكون العلم بها مسبوقا بالعلم باستعدادها مخصوصة (وإن كان بعرفة) قبل القبول (مجملا) بأن له استعدادا لأمر ما

— since it is not [necessary] that knowledge of it be preceded by specific knowledge of its preparedness — (though he may know it) before the reception (in summary fashion), namely that he has a preparedness for something.

Ibn Turka

﴿وإن كان يعرفه مجملا﴾

لأن صاحب المواجهة برى اليمين واليسار ، و يعرفهما ، لكن لا من حيث أنهما يمين ويسار. وهذا الكلام كله ذیل لقوله: "ما في أحد من الله شيء، وما في أحد من سوى نفسه شيء". وإذ خصص إدرا كه بالعاقلين عن الله، أضرب عن ذلك متعرضا لما ذهب إليه بعض العاقلين عن الأسباب، من الأنظار والأقيسة بإيراد «إلآ» موضع «لكن» في قوله

— because the one who faces [the mirror] directly sees the right and the left and knows them both, but not insofar as they are [specifically] right and left. This entire discourse is an appendix to his saying: "There is nothing in anyone from God," and "there is nothing in anyone from other than himself." And since he restricted his perception to those who are intellectually engaged with God (al-ʿāqilīn ʿan Allāh), he turned away from that to address what some of those intellectually engaged with causes (al-ʿāqilīn ʿan al-asbāb) — [proceeding] by speculative reasoning and syllogisms — have held, by introducing "illā" (except/but rather) in place of "lākin" (however) in his saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن كان يعرفه مجملا﴾

لأن العلم بعد القبول علم من الأثر إلى المؤثر وهو علم إجمالي . فإذا كان كل ما حصل للممكن منه إليه ما فعل الحق بالممكن شيئا إلا بحسب اقتضاء ذاته وبحسب قابليته فمشيئته تعالى تابعة لأحوال الممكن . فما يشاء تعذيب من يستحق التنعيم ولا كفر من يستحق الإيمان فلا جبر أصلا من الله لا صرفا ولا متوسطا. فإن كان وذلك أيضا منه وإليه ونسبة جبر المتوسط إلى الله مجرد اصطلاح ممن عجز عن إدراك الأشياء على ما هي عليه . وإلا فلا أصغر من الفتيل ولا يظلمون فتية بسبب الظلم من الله عن أصله ولكن الناس أنفسهم يظلمون فلا يلومون إلا أنفسهم فما شاء الله ما يناقض حكمته (إلا) استثناء منقطع

For the knowledge that comes after acceptance is knowledge derived from the effect back to the cause, and this is summary knowledge (ʿilm ijmālī). So since everything that accrues to the possible entity (mumkin) proceeds from it and returns to it, the Real does nothing to the possible entity except in accordance with what its essence requires and in accordance with its receptivity. Thus His will, Exalted is He, follows the states of the possible entity. He does not will to punish one who deserves bliss, nor unbelief for one who deserves faith. There is thus no compulsion (jabr) whatsoever from God—neither direct nor mediated. For even if there were, that too would be from Him and to Him; and attributing mediated compulsion to God is merely a convention adopted by one incapable of grasping things as they truly are. Otherwise, there is nothing smaller than a thread's fiber, and they are not wronged in the slightest through injustice originating from God Himself—rather, it is the people who wrong themselves, so let them blame none but themselves. "What God wills" does not contradict His wisdom—(illā) here being a disconnected exception.

al-Qāshānī

﴿إلا أن بعض اهل النظر من أصحاب العقول الضعيفة يرون أن الله لما ثبت عندهم أنه فعال لما يشاء جوزوا على الله ما يناقض الحكمة ، وما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه﴾

استثناء منقطع من الذين يعرفون استعدادهم مجملا وإلا بمعنى لكن يعنى أن الذين يعرفون استعدادهم مفصلا يعرفون قبولهم لكل ما اطلعوا عليه من استعدادهم بإعلام الله تعالى إياهم . أو بكشف أعيانهم عليه حتى يطلعوا على أحوالهم المتجددة عليهم إلى ما يتناهى ، فهم لا يغلطون في علومهم أصلا . وكذلك الذين لا يعرفون استعدادهم إلا من قبولهم ، فإنهم ما لم يقبلوا شيئا لم يعرفوا أن ذلك كان في استعدادهم أن يغلطوا بعد القبول . فإنهم يستدلون بالواقع لكن الذين يعرفون استعدادهم مجملا قد يغلطون في التفاصيل كبعض أهل النظر من المتكلمين ، فإنهم قد عرفوا من استعدادهم أنهم يقبلون العلوم المعقولة على الإجمالى. لكنهم لضعف عقولهم وعدم كشفهم لعدم ارتياضهم وتصفيتهم ، لما علموا أن الله تعالى فعال لما يشاء ، وأنه على كل شيء قدير . جوزوا عليه القدرة على الممتنعات كإيجاد المثل وإعدام الوجود وإيجاد العدم ، وأمثال ذلك ، وتوهموا أنه تنزيه عن العجز وذلك لعدم معرفة الحقائق وتمييز الممكن من الممتنع ، وقصور أنفسهم عن معنى المشيئة ، وابتنائها على الحكمة الإلهية الحقية. ( ولهذا ) أي ولضعف عقولهم وتجويزهم على الله ما يناقض الحكمة الإلهية وما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه

This is an exception discontinuous from those who know their preparedness in summary form, and "except" here means "but" — that is, those who know their preparedness in detail know their reception of everything they have been apprised of concerning their preparedness, through God's informing them, or through the unveiling of their entities to them, so that they become apprised of their states as they renew themselves without limit; such people never err at all in their knowledge. Likewise those who know their preparedness only through their reception — for as long as they have not received something, they do not know that it was within their preparedness — they may err after reception, for they infer from what has occurred. But those who know their preparedness in summary form may err in the details, like some of the people of speculative theology (kalām): they know from their preparedness, in summary, that they receive rational sciences, but because of the weakness of their intellects and their lack of unveiling — due to lack of spiritual training and purification — when they knew that God, exalted is He, is 'a doer of whatsoever He wills,' and that He is powerful over everything, they permitted Him power over impossibilities — such as bringing into existence something identical [to Him], or annihilating existence, or bringing nonexistence into existence, and the like — imagining that this was a declaration of incomparability (tanzīh) from incapacity. This is due to ignorance of realities and failure to distinguish the possible from the impossible, and their falling short of the meaning of [divine] will (mashīʾa) and its being founded upon divine, real wisdom. (For this reason) — that is, because of the weakness of their intellects and their permitting of God what contradicts divine wisdom and what the matter is in itself —

al-Qayṣarī

﴿إلا أن بعض أهل النظر من أصحاب العقول الضعيفة يرون أن الله لما ثبت عندهم أنه فعال لما يشاء، جوزوا على الله ما يناقض الحكمة وما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه﴾

لما قرر أن الله لا يعطى لأحد شيئا إلا ما يقتضيه حقيقته وتطلبه من حضرته، فكان أهل الظاهر يعتقدون أن الحق فعال لما يشاء في الأزل مع قطع النظر عن حكمته وفعال لما يريد في الأبد مع قطع النظر عنها وعن اقتضاء الأعيان تلك الأفعال، استثنى قولهم. فهو استثناء منقطع. وإنما نسب عقولهم إلى الضعف، لأنهم ما شاهدوا الأمر على ما هو عليه في نفسه، ولا اطلعوا على سر القدر، وزعموا أن الحق يفعل الأفاعيل من غير حكمة، حتى جوزوا عليه تعذيب من هو مستحق للرحمة وتنعيم من هو مستعد للنقمة. تعالى عن ذلك علوا كبيرا. ومنشأ زعمهم هذا أنهم حكموا بمفهوم "المشية" وإثباتها له تعالى، وما عرفوا أن المشية متعلقة بالفيض الأقدس، كما قال تعالى: "أ لم تر إلى ربك كيف مد الظل". أي، الوجود الخارجي ،(ولو شاء لجعله ساكنا). أي، منقطعا متناهيا. والإرادة متعلقة بالفيض المقدس،كما قال تعالى: "إنما أمره إذا أراد شيئا أن يقول له كن فيكون". فالإرادة متعلقة بإيجاد الممكنات بخلاف المشية، فإنها متعلقة بإفاضة الأعيان، لكن بحسب ما يقتضى حكمته وأسماؤه وصفاته لا مطلقا. قال تعالى: "فلو شاء لهداكم أجمعين". لكنه لم يشأ، لحكمة اقتضت عدم مشيته، لذلك عبروا عنها ب (العناية الأزلية). والإرادة يتعلق بالأعيان بحسب استعداداتها وقبولها للمعنى المراد. فالحق وإن كان فعالا لما يشاء، لكن مشيته بحسب حكمته، ومن حكمته أن لا يفعل إلا بحسب استعداد الأشياء: فلا يرحم موضع الانتقام ولا ينتقم موضع الرحمة. وما جاء في الأخبار أنه تعالى يرحم بالفضل وينتقم بالعدل ويشفع أرحم الراحمين عند المنتقم، فذلك أيضا راجع إلى استعداد العبد واستحقاقه المخفى في عينه لا يطلع عليه غير الله تعالى

Since he had established that God gives to no one anything except what that one's reality requires and demands from His Presence — whereas the people of outward [theology] believe that the Real "does whatsoever He wills" in pre-eternity, disregarding His wisdom, and "does whatsoever He desires" in post-eternity, disregarding it and disregarding the demand of the entities (aʿyān) for those acts — he makes an exception to their statement, and it is a disjunctive exception (istithnāʾ munqaṭiʿ). He attributed their intellects to weakness only because they did not witness the matter as it is in itself, nor were they apprised of the secret of the divine decree (qadar); they claimed that the Real performs acts without wisdom, to the point of permitting Him to punish one deserving of mercy and to bless with bliss one prepared for chastisement — exalted is He far above that! The origin of their claim is that they judged by the [bare] concept of "will" (mashīʾa) and affirmed it of Him, exalted is He, without knowing that the mashīʾa is connected to the Most Holy Effusion (al-fayḍ al-aqdas), as He, exalted is He, said: "Have you not seen how your Lord extends the shadow" — i.e., outward existence — "and had He willed, He could have made it still" — i.e., cut off and finite. Whereas the [divine] Will (irāda) is connected to the Holy Effusion (al-fayḍ al-muqaddas), as He, exalted is He, said: "His command, when He wills a thing, is only to say to it 'Be,' and it is." So the Will is connected to bringing possible things into existence, unlike the mashīʾa, which is connected to the effusion of the entities — yet according to what His wisdom, Names, and Attributes require, not absolutely. He, exalted is He, said: "And had He willed, He would have guided you all together" — but He did not will it, due to a wisdom that required His not willing it; hence they expressed this as "the pre-eternal solicitude" (al-ʿināya al-azaliyya). And the Will is connected to the entities according to their preparednesses and their reception of the intended meaning. So the Real, though He "does whatsoever He wills," His mashīʾa is according to His wisdom, and part of His wisdom is that He does not act except according to the preparedness of things: He does not show mercy where vengeance is due, nor take vengeance where mercy is due. And what has come in the reports — that He, exalted is He, shows mercy through grace and takes vengeance through justice, and that "the Most Merciful of the merciful" intercedes with "the Avenger" — this too goes back to the preparedness of the servant and his entitlement hidden within his entity, which none but God, exalted is He, is apprised of.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿إلا أن بعض أهل النظر من أصحاب العقول الضعيفة يرون أن الله تعالی، لما ثبت عندهم أنه فعال لما يشاء ، جوزوا على الله تعالى ما يناقض الحكمة.﴾

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قلت: القبول يحس لأن من قيل له مثلا لو اعطاك الأمير دراهم هل كان عندك قابلية تأخذها. لقال: وما الذي يمنعني من ذلك؟ ويحس بالقابلية. وأما الاستعداد الذي يوجب على الأمير أن يعطيه فقد يخفى عليه إلا بعد أن يأخذ الدراهم وقد يعرفه مجملا لا مفصلا. قوله رضي الله عنه

I say: reception (qabūl) is perceived, for if it were said to someone, for instance, 'If the emir gave you dirhams, would you have the capacity to take them?' he would say, 'What would prevent me from that?' — and he perceives the capacity. But as for the preparedness (istiʿdād) which obliges the emir to give to him, this may remain hidden from him except after he takes the dirhams; and he may know it in summary fashion, not in detail. His saying, may God be pleased with him:

﴿إلا أن بعض أهل النظر﴾

قلت: يعنى الأشعرية من المتكلمين، فإنهم يقولون: الحسن ما حسنه الشرع والقبيح ما قبحه الشرع ، فعندهم أن الله تعالی لو فعل ما يناقض الحكمة لم يمتنع بل كان حسنا لأن الشرع حسنه. قوله: الشيخ رضي الله عنه

I say: he means the Ashʿarites among the theologians (mutakallimūn), for they say: the good is whatever the Sacred Law deems good, and the evil is whatever the Sacred Law deems evil. So according to them, were God, exalted is He, to do that which contradicts wisdom, it would not be impossible; rather it would be good, because the Sacred Law would deem it good. His saying, the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him:

Ibn Turka

﴿إلا أن بعض أهل النظر من أصحاب العقول الضعيفة﴾

المستمسكين عند استفاضة الحقائق بعروة الوسائل والدلائل

— who cling, when realities pour forth in abundance, to the handhold of intermediaries and proofs

Jāmī

﴿إلا أن بعض أهل النظر من أصحاب العقول الضعيفة﴾

الذين لا تقوى عقولهم بالنظر عن إدراك الحقائق على ما هي عليه يرون أن الله سبحانه

— whose intellects are not strong enough through speculation to grasp the realities as they [truly] are — hold that God, glory be to Him—

Bālī Zāde

﴿إن بعض أهل النظر من اصحاب العقول الضعيفة برون أن الله لما ثبت عندهم أنه فعال لما يشاء﴾

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أي فعال لمقتضي مشيئته لا لحكمة

That is, One who does whatever His will requires, not [what wisdom requires].

Ibn Turka

﴿يرون أن الله لما ثبت عندهم أنه فقال لما يشاء﴾

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ومعنى المشية على ما عرفت بلسان التحقيق هو الذي به يتحقق الشيء نفسه بصفته الأصلية ، فلا يمكن أن يكون إلا على ما عليه الأمر من الحكمة البالغة . وإذ لم يفهموا معنى المشية

— and the meaning of will (mashīʾa), according to what you have come to know by the language of verification (taḥqīq), is that by which the thing itself is realized according to its original attribute; so it cannot be other than what the matter is upon, in accordance with far-reaching wisdom. And since they did not understand the meaning of will

Jāmī

﴿لما ثبت عندهم أنه فعال لما يشاء﴾

وزعموا أن مشيئته يمكن أن يتعلق بكل ما هو ممكن في نفسه

— and they claimed that His will can attach to whatever is possible in itself—

Ibn Turka

﴿جوزوا على الله ما يناقض الحكمة وما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه﴾

إذ الحكمة هوما عليه الأمر في نفسه من الصور والأحكام المطابقة للواقع أعني الموجود في نفس الأمر فلا يكون الممتنع في تقسيم المواد معدودا من الأقسام ، ولا الممكن المعدوم أيضا إذ لا فرق بينه وبين الممتنع على ما ذهبوا إليه فيكون قسمة المواد حينئذ مثناة بين الموجود الممكن والواجب

— since wisdom is precisely what the matter is upon in itself, in terms of the forms and rulings that correspond to what actually is — that is, what is existent in the matter itself (fī nafs al-amr). Thus the impossible (al-mumtaniʿ), in the division of subject-matters, cannot be counted among the divisions, nor can the nonexistent possible (al-mumkin al-maʿdūm) either — since there is, on their view, no difference between it and the impossible — so that the division of subject-matters becomes then dual, between the existent possible and the necessary

Jāmī

﴿جوزوا على الله سبحانه ما يناقض الحكمة وما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه﴾

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من إعطائه بعض الأشياء أعطيات لاستعدادها کتنعیم من يتعذب العذاب وتعذيب من يستحق النعيم . وليس الأمر كذلك فإن الله سبحانه ما تعلقت مشيئته از بتعيين الأعيان الثابتة واستعداداتها إلا بحسب ما اقتضته الشؤون الذاتية والنسب الأصلية. وبعدما تعينت الأعيان ما تعلقت مشبثته بوجودها وأحوالها التابعة لوجودها إلا بحسب استعداداتها الكلية وقابليتها الجزئية الوجودية . فالحق سبحانه وإن كان فعالا كما يشاء لكن مشيئته بحسب حكمته ، ومن حكمته أن لا يفعل إلا بحسب أستعدادات الأشياء، فلا يرحم في موضع الانتقام ولا ينتقم في موضع الرحمة . (ولهذا) ، أي لضعف ما يراه هذا البعض وتجويزهم على الله سبحانه ما يناقض الحكمة

— such as His giving some things gifts contrary to their preparedness, like blessing with felicity one who deserves punishment, and punishing one who deserves felicity. But the matter is not so; for God, glory be to Him — His will has not attached to the determination of the fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita) and their preparednesses except according to what the essential affairs (al-shuʾūn al-dhātiyya) and the original relations (al-nisab al-aṣliyya) required. And after the entities became determined, His will has not attached to their existence and to the states consequent upon their existence except according to their universal preparednesses and their particular existential receptivities. So the Real, glory be to Him, though He is 'doer of whatever He wills,' His will is according to His wisdom; and it is part of His wisdom that He does not act except according to the preparednesses of things — so He does not show mercy where vengeance is due, nor take vengeance where mercy is due. (And for this reason) — that is, because of the weakness of what this group holds, and their permitting with respect to God, glory be to Him, what contradicts wisdom—

Bālī Zāde

﴿جوزوا على الله ما يناقض الحكمة﴾

(و) جوزوا ما يناقض

and permitted what contradicts

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه ولهذا عدل بعض النظار إلى نفي الإمكان وإثبات الوجوب بالذات وبالغير﴾

قلت: يعني أنهم جوزوا ما يناقض الحكمة وجوزوا ما يناقض ما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه . كأنه أشار إلى أن الذي عليه الأمر في نفسه هو أنه لا يجوز عليه ما يناقض الحكمة ولا ما يناقض ما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه، أي الواقع في نفس الأمر. وذلك أن الأمر في نفسه هو أنه لا يجوز على الله تعالى أن يفعل المستحيل في العقل كاجتماع الضدين لشيء واحد في زمان واحد. مثل أن يجمع لشخص واحد أنه قاعد وأنه قائم في زمان واحد . أو يكون القول موجبا سالبا في حال واحد بشروط النقيض أو يرفع النقيضين معا بشروط النقيض وأمثال هذه. ولما استقبح بعض النظار هذا المذهب عدل إلى سد الباب فيه بالكلية وقال ما هناك إلا واجب إما بنفسه وإما بالغير. فلا يكون هناك إمكان اجتماع الضدين ولا اجتماع النقيضين وارتفاعهما ويجوز غير هذا وهو أن يحمل قول الشيخ، ولهذا عدل بعض النظار إلى آخره، على أن كل شيء واجب إما بنفسه فظاهر وهو الحق تعالى، وإما بالغير وهو كل شيء حتى اجتماع الضدين واجتماع النقيضين وارتفاعهما. وقد قال قوم من الصوفية: أنه يجوز أن الله تعالى يقدر على إدخال الحبل في خرت الإبرة من غير أن يصفقة الحبل ولا يتسع الأبرة. قوله رضي الله عنه: "والمحقق يثبت الإمكان ويعرف حضرته”. قلت: المحقق هو من تفصلت له حضرة الحق وهي الوحدانية المطلقة وتفصيلها هو أن يظهر له مراتب الأسماء الإلهية والكونية قبل تعينها بالفعل وهو القطب الذي حاز رتبة الكمال. وعن يمينه الإمام الذي هو محل ظهور الجمال وعن شماله الإمام الذي هو محل ظهور الجلال . وبين يديه الإمام الذي حاز طرفا من رتبة الجمال وطرفا من رتبة الجلال إلا أن الجمال أظهر فيه، ومن ورائه الإمام الذي حاز طرفا من الجلال وطرفا من الجمال إلا أن الجلال أظهر فيه. وقولنا: إن القطب له اليمين والشمال والأمام والخلف، هو باعتبار الأئمة الأربعة وهم الأوتاد المذكورين في نسبة كل واحد منهم إليه وإلا فهو وجه کله. شعرا: درة من حيث ما أديرت أضاءت ..... ومشم من حيث ما شم فاجاء ومعنى يثبت الإمكان أي يشهد ثبوته لا أنه كان غير ثابت وهو الذي أثبته. ومعنى قوله: " ويعرف حضرته ". فهي عندي أن الإمكان صفة للحق تعالی من حيث اسمه القادر وليس هو صفة للمخلوق وهذا هو الحق الواضح في مقام شهود الأسماء. وأما في الحضرة الذاتية فهو صفة للأعيان الثابتة من جهة أنها صور العلم من حيث لا تغاير الصفة الموصوف، لأنه ليس شيء خارجا عن الذات. فأما كونه صفة للحق، وهو القسم الأول ، فإن الإمكان منه يشتق الفعل الذي هو أمكنه يمكنه إمكانا كما تقول يمكنك أن تفعل كذا أي أنك قادر عليه أو لا يمكنك أن تفعل كذا أي لا تقدر عليه. وأما القسم الثاني وهو أن تجعله صفة للأعيان الثابتة، فمعناه أن حال المقدور مثلا هو الذي أمكنك من نفسه حتى فعلت ایجاده له أو ایجاد صفته إلا أن هذا المعنى يرجع إلى الأول . فإن القابل في التحقيق هو الفاعل لفاعلية الفاعل ولجميع ما يصدر عن الفاعل من الأفعال وحينئذ يقال إن حصول التسوية هو من الله تعالى لكن بالعين الثابتة، والتسوية الحاصلة هي الفاعلية في الفاعل للنفخ الملزمة له أن ينفخ النفخ الذي به يحصل القبول للقابل، فهذه حضرة الإمكان ظاهرة فيما ذكرناه. قوله رضي الله عنه: " والممكن ما هو . " قلت: أي يعرفه وهو المقدور قبل تصرف القدرة فيه. قوله رضي الله عنه: "ومن أين هو ممكن. " قلت: يعرفه من جهة سلب العدمية عن الوجود الإلهي وهذا نشرح مشافهة فإن إدراكه يدق عن أكثر الأفهام. قوله رضي الله عنه: " وهو بعينه واجب بالغير. " قلت: معناه أن كل ما في الإمكان لا بد أن يظهره الحق تعالى في الوجود فهو في نفس الأمر واجب إلا أنه واجب بالغير لا بنفسه وفيه وجه پذکر شفاها أنه واجب بنفسه باعتبار أحدية الجمع. قوله رضي الله عنه: "ومن أين صح عليه اسم الغير الذي اقتضى له الوجوب." قلت: الضمير في "عليه"، لا يصح أن يعود على الممكن وإن كان ظاهر عبارة الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، يقتضي عود الضمير إلى الممكن. و قوله رضي الله عنه: ولا يعلم هذا التفصيل إلا العلماء بالله خاصة. قلت: لأن المحال ليس هو لغير أهل الله تعالی. قوله رضي الله عنه: وعلى قدم شيث يكون آخر مولود يولد من هذا النوع الإنساني وهو حامل أسراره. قلت: لما ثبت لشيث أولوية المولودية، لأنه أول مولود ولد من هذا النوع الانساني، فكانت له مرتبة الأولية ولما كانت الآخرية هي مضايفة للأولية، فهي في مقابلتها تماما. فإرتسم شكل المرتبة الأولى في المقابل لها، فظهرت فيها أسرارها كما ظهرت أسرار العقل الأول الذي حصلت له الأولية في الايجاد في مرتبة آدم الذي هو آخر أنواع الموجودات ظهورا. فلا جرم حصل للإنسان العقل الذي به ظهور أسرار العقل الأول وهو القلم الأعلى. قوله رضي الله عنه

I say: he means that they permitted what contradicts wisdom and permitted what contradicts what the matter is in itself. It is as though he indicated that what the matter is in itself is that nothing may be attributed to Him which contradicts wisdom, nor anything which contradicts what the matter is in itself — that is, what obtains in the very fact of the matter. For the matter in itself is that it is not permissible for God, exalted is He, to do what is impossible in reason, such as the combination of two contraries in one thing at one time — for instance, that a single person be both sitting and standing at one and the same time, or that a statement be both affirmative and negative in one and the same respect under the conditions of contradiction (naqīḍ), or that both contradictories be simultaneously negated under the conditions of contradiction, and the like of these. And when some of the theoretical theologians found this doctrine repugnant, they turned to close the door on it entirely, saying: there is nothing there except the necessary, either necessary in itself or necessary through another. Thus there would be no possibility of the combination of contraries, nor of the combination of two contradictories, nor of the negation of both together. But another reading is possible, namely that the Shaykh's statement — "and this is why some of the theoretical theologians turned away..." to the end — be understood as meaning that everything is necessary either in itself, which is evident and is the Real, exalted is He, or through another, which is everything else, even the combination of contraries and the combination and negation of contradictories. And a group of the Sufis have said that God, exalted is He, is able to insert the rope through the eye of the needle without the rope becoming thin and without the eye of the needle becoming wide. His saying, may God be pleased with him: "and the verifier (al-muḥaqqiq) affirms possibility and knows His presence (ḥaḍra)." I say: the verifier is he for whom the Presence of the Real has been differentiated/unfolded — that is, absolute Oneness (al-waḥdāniyya al-muṭlaqa) — and its unfolding consists in the levels of the divine and cosmic names becoming manifest to him before their entification (taʿayyun) in act; and he is the Pole (quṭb) who has attained the rank of perfection. On his right is the Imam who is the locus of the manifestation of Beauty (jamāl), and on his left the Imam who is the locus of the manifestation of Majesty (jalāl); before him the Imam who possesses a portion of the rank of Beauty and a portion of the rank of Majesty, though Beauty is more manifest in him; and behind him the Imam who possesses a portion of Majesty and a portion of Beauty, though Majesty is more manifest in him. And our saying that the Pole has a right, a left, a front, and a back is with regard to the four Imams, who are the Pegs (awtād) mentioned, in respect of the relation (nisba) of each of them to him; otherwise he is entirely face [i.e., wholly a single countenance]. In verse: A pearl, from whatever angle it is turned, shines forth — and a perfume, from whatever angle it is smelled, comes [fragrant]. And the meaning of "affirms possibility" is that he witnesses its establishment, not that it was previously unestablished and that he is the one who establishes it. And as for the meaning of his saying "and knows His presence" — it is, to my mind, that possibility (imkān) is an attribute of the Real, exalted is He, in respect of His name "the Powerful" (al-Qādir), and is not an attribute of the created thing; and this is the clear truth in the station of witnessing the Names. As for in the Essential Presence, it is an attribute of the fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita) insofar as they are forms of [God's] knowledge, in the respect that the attribute is not distinct from that which is described, since nothing is external to the Essence. As for its being an attribute of the Real — which is the first division — possibility, in this sense, is the root from which the verb is derived, namely "He enabled him, He enables him, an enabling (imkān)," just as you say "it is possible for you to do such-and-such," meaning that you are capable of it, or "it is not possible for you to do such-and-such," meaning that you are not capable of it. As for the second division, namely making it an attribute of the fixed entities, its meaning is that the state of the object of power (al-maqdūr), for instance, is that which enabled you, of itself, so that you brought about its existence or the existence of its attribute — except that this meaning reverts to the first. For the receiver (al-qābil), in verification, is [in reality] the agent for the agency of the agent and for all the acts which proceed from the agent; and thus it is said that the occurrence of the equilibration (taswiya) is from God, exalted is He, but by means of the fixed entity, and the equilibration that occurs is the agency within the agent for the breathing-in that necessitates him to breathe the breath by which acceptance occurs for the receiver. This, then, is the Presence of Possibility, manifest in what we have mentioned. His saying, may God be pleased with him: "and the possible is what it is." I say: that is, he knows it, and it is the object of power before the exercise of power upon it. His saying, may God be pleased with him: "and from where it is possible." I say: he knows it from the standpoint of the negation of nonexistence from the Divine Existence — and this we explain orally, for its comprehension is too subtle for most understandings. His saying, may God be pleased with him: "and it is itself, by its very identity, necessary through another." I say: its meaning is that everything within possibility must be manifested by the Real, exalted is He, in existence, and so it is, in the very fact of the matter, necessary — except that it is necessary through another, not through itself; though there is an aspect to be mentioned orally, namely that it is necessary in itself with regard to the Oneness of the All-Comprehensive Gathering (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ). His saying, may God be pleased with him: "and from where was the name 'other' (ghayr) validly applied to it, which necessitated for it [this] necessity." I say: the pronoun in "applied to it" cannot properly refer to the possible thing, even though the apparent wording of the Shaykh's expression, may God be pleased with him, would suggest that the pronoun refers to the possible thing. And his saying, may God be pleased with him: "and none knows this differentiation except those who have knowledge of God specifically." I say: because what is impossible [to grasp] is not for other than the people of God, exalted is He. His saying, may God be pleased with him: "and upon the footstep (qadam) of Seth will be the last child born of this human species, and he will be the bearer of his secrets." I say: since Seth was established as having the priority (awwaliyya) of childhood/being-born, in that he was the first child born of this human species, he thus held the rank of firstness (awwaliyya); and since lastness (ākhiriyya) is the correlative of firstness, it stands wholly opposite to it. Thus the form of the first rank was imprinted upon its counterpart, and its secrets appeared in it just as the secrets of the First Intellect — which held firstness in creation — appeared in the rank of Adam, who is the last of the kinds of existents to appear. Thus, inevitably, the human being attained the intellect by which the secrets of the First Intellect appear, and it is the Supreme Pen (al-qalam al-aʿlā). His saying, may God be pleased with him

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما هو الأمر عليه في نفسه﴾

لما لزمهم ذلك فجوزوا تعذيب من يستحق التنعيم تعالى الله عن ذلك. (ولهذا) أي ولاجل أن عندهم أن الله فعال مطلقا كيف يشاء

Since this was necessitated for them, they permitted the punishment of one who deserves bliss—God is exalted far above that. ("For this reason")—that is, because in their view God is absolutely free to act however He wills—

al-Qāshānī

﴿عدل بعض النظار إلى نفى الإمكان وإثبات الوجوب بالذات وبالغير﴾

وذلك لقصور نظرهم عن الحقائق العقلية وقصرهم الموجودات على ما هو في الخارج . فإن ما هو موجود في الخارج محصور في الواجب بالذات والواجب بالغير لأن ما لم يجب لم يوجد ( والمحقق ) وهو الملاحظ للحقائق في نفس الأمر ، أي العالم العقلي مع قطع النظر عن وجودها الخارجي

This is due to the shortfall of their speculation regarding rational realities, and their restricting existents to what is external. For what exists externally is confined to the necessary-by-essence and the necessary-by-another, since what is not necessary does not come into existence. (And the verifier) — that is, one who attends to the realities in themselves, i.e., in the intelligible world, apart from consideration of their external existence —

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولهذا عدل بعض النظار إلى نفى الإمكان وإثبات الوجوب بالذات و بالغير﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، لما جوزوا على الله ما يناقض الحكمة وما عرفوا أن للحق أفعالا بحسب مراتبه ولا عرفوا تلك المراتب، عدل بعضهم إلى نفى مرتبة الإمكان و إثبات الوجوب بالذات وبالغير فقط. (والمحقق يثبت الإمكان ويعرف حضرته، والممكن وما هو الممكن(. وفي بعض النسخ: )الممكن ما هو الممكن). مع عدم الواو. أي، يعرف أن الممكن ما هو بحسب الحقيقة. فقوله

That is, since they permitted of God what contradicts wisdom, and did not know that the Real has acts according to His levels, nor did they know those levels, some of them resorted to negating the level of possibility and affirming only necessity-by-essence and necessity-by-another. (The verifying knower, however, affirms possibility and knows its presence — the possible, and what the possible is.) In some manuscripts it reads: "the possible — what is the possible," without the wāw — that is, he knows what the possible is in reality. So his statement

Ibn Turka

﴿ولهذا عدل بعض النظار إلى نفي الإمكان وإثبات الوجوب بالذات و بالغير ؛ والمحقق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بالنظر الحق ، لما شاهد الواقع اطلع على نفس الأمر بما عليه من الصور والأحكام وما قصر النظر على الخارج منها عاكفا لديها بأحكامها المحسوسة عرف الإمكان الذي هو مقتضى حقائق الأعيان في حضرة تمايز المعلومات عن العلم ، حيث انفصل العلم عن الوجود وثبت لها أعيان متمايزة . فإذا نظر إليها في أنفسها بشرط أن لا يلاحظ ما عليه من الخارج عنها تكون نسبة الوجود والعدم إليها على السوية، وهي البرزخ الواقع بينهما، وهي بهذا الاعتبار هو الممكن بما هو ممكن، وهذا موطن إثباته. وإذا نظر إليها مطلقا عن ذلك الشرط - فقد يعتبر معها خارج هي بعينها - تصير واجبة بالغير بذلك الاعتبار. وهذا الموطن الإطلاقي هو الذي يصح إطلاق اسم الغير، الذي اقتضى لها الوجوب، وبه يصير الممكن واجبا. ولذلك

— by true verification, when he witnessed what actually is, became apprised of the matter in itself as it possesses forms and rulings, and did not restrict his consideration to what is external to it, remaining fixed upon it with its sensory rulings — knew the possibility (imkān) that is the requirement of the realities of the entities (aʿyān) in the presence of the differentiation of known things from knowledge, where knowledge is separated from existence and distinct entities are established for them. So when he considers them in themselves, on condition that he not observe what pertains to them externally, the relation of existence and nonexistence to them is equal — and this is the isthmus (barzakh) situated between the two; and it is, under this consideration, the possible qua possible, and this is the locus of its affirmation. But when he considers them absolutely, without that condition — so that there may be taken into account along with them an external factor which is [in reality] identical with them — they become necessary through another (wājib bi-l-ghayr) under that consideration. And this unconditioned locus is that in which the name "other" (ghayr) may properly be applied, which necessitated necessity for them, and by which the possible becomes necessary. And for that reason

Jāmī

﴿عدل بعض النظار إلى نفي الإمكان﴾

فإن منشأ ما ذهبوا إليه إنما هو إمكان م %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : قال رضي الله عنه : ( و المحقق يثبت الإمكان و يعرف حضرته، و الممكن ما هو الممكن و من أين هو ممكن و هو بعينه واجب بالغير، و من أين صح عليه اسم الغير الذي اقتضى له الوجوب. و لا يعلم هذا التفصيل إلا العلماء بالله خاصة. و على قدم شيث يكون آخر مولود يولد من هذا النوع الإنساني. و هو حامل ) شرح الجامي : يناقض الحكمة فلما ظهر على بعض النظار فساد مذهبهم نفوا ما هو منشؤه فذهبوا إلى نفي الإمكان

For the source of what they went to is only the possibility of... %~% Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: He, may God be pleased with him, said: ("The verifier (muḥaqqiq) affirms possibility (imkān) and knows its presence; and [knows] what the possible is, and whence it is possible - while it is itself necessary through another; and whence the name 'other,' which necessitated necessity for it, applies validly to it. This detailed knowledge is known only to those who know God, specifically. And upon the footstep of Seth is the last child to be born from this human species, and he is the bearer...") Commentary of al-Jāmī: [This] contradicts wisdom. So when the corruption of their doctrine became apparent to some theoreticians, they negated that which is its source, and thus went to negating possibility.

Bālī Zāde

﴿عدل بعض النظار إلى نفي الإمكان﴾

لئلا يلزمهم جواز ما لا يليق إلى الله على تقدير ثبوت الإمكان فلم يجوز هذا البعض على الله ما جوز ذلك البعض لعدم لزوم ذلك على تقدير نفي الإمكان في زعمهم

lest they be compelled to admit the permissibility of what is unbefitting to God on the assumption that possibility is established. So this group did not permit for God what the former group permitted, since on the assumption of negating possibility (as they claimed) this consequence would not follow.

Jāmī

﴿وإثبات الوجوب بالذات وبالغير والمحقق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من هذه الطائفة

is of this group.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإثبات الوجوب بالذات وبالنير﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وما عرفوا الإمكان والوجوب بالغير فإنه بعينه الإمكان

They did not recognize possibility, nor necessity through another, for it is identical with possibility itself.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.