Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ قُدُّوسِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِدْرِيسِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶10 in the text

10 · 66 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَمِنْهُ الصَّاحِبَةُ وَالْوَلَدُ وَالأَمْرُ وَاحِدٌ فِي العَدَدِ فَمِنَ الطَّبِيعَةُ وَمِنَ الظَّاهِرِ مِنْهَا وَمَا رَأَيْنَاهَا نَقَصَتْ بِمَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَلَا زَادَتْ بِعَدَمِ مَا ظَهَرَ وَمَا الَّذِي ظَهَرَ غَيْرُهَا وَمَا هِيَ عَيْنُ مَا ظَهَرَ لِاخْتِلَافِ الصُّوَرِ بِالحُكْمِ عَلَيْهَا فَهَذَا بَارِدٌ يَابِسٌ وَهَذَا حَارٌّ يَابِسٌ فَجَمَعَ بِاليَبِسِ وَأَبَانَ بِغَيْرِ ذَلكَ وَالْجَامِعُ الطَّبِيعَةُ لَا بَلْ العَيْنُ الطَّبِيعَةُ فَعَالِمُ الطَّبِيعَةِ صُورٌ فِي مَرْآةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَا بَلْ صُورَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فِي مَرَاءٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ

So from Him are the consort and the child, while the matter is one in number. So who is Nature, and who is that which is manifest from her, given that we have not seen her diminished by what became manifest from her, nor increased by the nonexistence of what had become manifest? And that which became manifest is not other than her. Yet she is not the very self of what became manifest, because the forms differ in the property [ḥukm] ascribed to them: this one is cold and dry, and that one is hot and dry. So [Nature] joined [them] through dryness and set [them] apart through what is other than that. And that which joins [them] is Nature. No, rather, the very entity [ʿayn] is Nature. So the world of Nature is forms in a single mirror. No, rather, [it is] a single form in diverse mirrors.

On the whole passage · 2 of 6

al-Jandī

﴿فمن الطبيعة ؟ ومن الظاهر فيها وما رأيناها نقصت بما ظهر منها ، ولا زادت بعدم ما ظهر ؟ وما الذي ظهر غيرها ؟ في ما هي عين ما ظهر ، لاختلاف الصور بالحكم عليها ، فهذا حارّ يابس ، وهذا بارد يابس ، فجمع باليبس ، وأبان بغير ذلك ، والجامع الطبيعة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : كما أنّ الطبيعة حقيقة واحدة فإنّها تختلف بعينها وصورها بحسب المادّة ، فتقبل الحكم عليها بالأضداد . فيقول : إنّ طبيعة كذا باردة يابسة ، وطبيعة كذا حارّة يابسة ، وطبيعة كذا حارّة رطبة ، وطبيعة كذا باردة رطبة ، فتكون الطبيعة في الأضداد عينها ، فتجمعها بحقيقتها وهي حقيقة واحدة من شأنها الظهور في الأضداد أعيانا متضادّة من حيث التعيّن والظهور ، وهي من حيث كلَّيّتها حقيقة واحدة جمعية معقولة مقولة على كثيرين متضادّة في مراتب كثيرة ، والأضداد المختلفة من كونها أضدادا لا تجتمع في مادّة تقبل هذه الصور المتضادّة وليس تعيّنها بأحدها أولى من تعيّنها بغيرها ، وكذلك الطبيعة الجامعة بحقيقتها لكلّ منها ، فإنّها عين الكلّ ، وكذلك الهيولى ، أعني المادّة . قال رضي الله عنه

He - may God be pleased with him - means: just as Nature is a single reality, yet it differs in its very entity and its forms according to matter, so it accepts the judgment of opposites being applied to it. One says: the nature of such-and-such is cold and dry, the nature of such-and-such is hot and dry, the nature of such-and-such is hot and moist, the nature of such-and-such is cold and moist - so Nature, within the opposites, is their very entity, uniting them through its reality, which is a single reality whose function is to manifest in the opposites as mutually opposed entities from the standpoint of entification and manifestation; while from the standpoint of its universality, it is a single, comprehensive, intelligible reality predicated of many things that are mutually opposed across many levels. The differing opposites, insofar as they are opposites, do not combine in a single matter that accepts these mutually opposed forms, and its entification by one of them is not more fitting than its entification by another. Likewise Nature, comprehending each of them through its reality, is the very entity of the whole; and likewise prime matter (al-hayūlā), that is, matter. He - may God be pleased with him - said:

Jāmī

﴿بعدم ما ظهر؟ و ما الذي ظهر غيرها: و ما هي عين ما ظهر لاختلاف الصور بالحكم عليها: فهذا بارد يابس و هذا حار يابس: فجمع باليبس و أبان بغير ذلك. و الجامع الطبيعة، لا، بل العين الطبيعية. فعالم الطبيعة صور في مرآة واحدة، لا، بل صورة واحدة في مرايا مختلفة. فما ثم إلا حيرة لتفرق النظر.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

agree in dryness and differ in the rest. And the unifying factor is Nature - no, rather it is the natural entity (al-ʿayn al-ṭabīʿiyya) itself. So the world of Nature consists of forms in a single mirror - no, rather it is a single form in differing mirrors. So there is nothing there but bewilderment, due to the dispersal of vision.] The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿فمنه الصاحبة والولد ، والأمر واحد في العدد﴾

فما اتخذت صاحبة ولا ولدا . كيفيّة ظهور الكثرة وإذ قد بيّن - بالقواعد العدديّة عقلا ، والآيات المنزلة السماويّة نقلا - إثبات وحدة العين ، أخذ في تحقيق ظهور الكثرة منها وإبانة ما يتوهّم من تلك العبارة ، وإزالته من التجزية والتبعيض ، فقال مستفهما

for he took neither spouse nor son. The Manner of the Manifestation of Multiplicity And once he had established - by rational numerical principles and by the revealed heavenly verses, textually - the unity of entity, he proceeded to verify the manifestation of multiplicity from it and to clarify what might be imagined from that expression, removing from it any notion of division and partition, saying inquiringly

Jāmī

﴿الصاحبة والولد والأمر﴾

أي العين الظاهرة

that is, the manifest entity (al-ʿayn al-ẓāhira)

Words 5–7 · 1 of 6

وَاحِدٌ فِي العَدَدِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿واحد في العدد﴾

أي في عدد هؤلاء المعدودين و صورة كثرتهم أو الأمر الظاهر في هؤلاء المذكورين من آدم وزوجته وولده مثل الواحد الظاهر في العدد. فكما أن حقائق العدد وعقوده مراتب ظهور الواحد كذلك آدم عليه السلام و صاحبته وأولاده مراتب ظهور الوجود الحق سبحانه. ثم ترقي رضي الله عنه من ذكر آدم عليه السلام وصاحبته وولده إلى من هو أقرب منهم إلى المبدأ وهو الطبيعة . فقال رضي الله عنه

that is, in the number of these enumerated things and the form of their multiplicity; or: the affair manifest in these mentioned ones - Adam, his companion, and his child - is like the one manifest in number. For just as the realities of number and its sets (ʿuqūd) are levels of manifestation of the One, likewise Adam, peace be upon him, and his companion and his children are levels of manifestation of the Real Existence, glory be to Him. Then he, may God be pleased with him, ascended from mentioning Adam, peace be upon him, and his companion and his child, to what is closer than them to the Principle, namely Nature (al-Ṭabīʿa). So he, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿فمن الطبيعة ومن الظاهر منها﴾

يعنى كذلك الوجود الحق الواحد يتعين بتعين كلى يكون بها طبيعة ، ويظهر منها تعينات ثنائية وثلاثية أجسام طبيعية لها كيفيات متضادة ، وليس الطبيعة ولا ما ظهر منها إلا العين الأحدية التي هي حقيقة الحق. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, likewise the one Real Existence becomes entified by a universal entification by which it becomes Nature, and from it manifest dual and triple entifications — natural bodies possessing opposing qualities — and neither Nature nor what manifests from it is anything but the one Unitary Entity (al-ʿayn al-aḥadiyya) which is the Reality of the Real. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فمن الطبيعة؟ ومن الظاهر منها؟ وما رأيناها نقصت بما ظهر منها، ولا زادت بعدم ما ظهر﴾

أي، إذا كان الأمر في نفسه واحدا، فمن الذي يسمى بالطبيعة سوى الوجود الحق؟ ومن الظاهر من الطبيعة سوى أفرادها من أعيان الموجودات؟ ولا ينقص منها شئ بالظهور، ولا يزيد بعدم الظهور كالإنسانية، إذا النقصان والزيادة من خواص الأجسام. واعلم، أن (الطبيعة) عند أهل الحق يطلق على ملكوت الجسم. وهو القوة السارية في جميع الأجسام، عنصريا كان أو فلكيا بسيطا كان أو مركبا. وهي غير الصور النوعية التي للأجسام، لاشتراكها في الكل واختصاص الصور النوعية. وهي للنفس الكلية كالآلة في إظهار الجسم وتدبيره، وفي الحيوان بمنزلة الروح الحيواني، إذ بها يتم الفعل والانفعال، فأفرادها كالآلات للنفوس المجردة الجزئية، كما أن كليها آلة لكليها. فهي مظهر الاسم (الموجد) الذي هو من سدنة (الرب.) قال رضي الله عنه

That is, since the matter in itself is one, who is it that is called 'Nature' other than the Real Existence? And who is manifest from Nature other than its individuals among the entities of existent things? Nothing is diminished from it by manifestation, nor does it increase by non-manifestation—like humanity, since increase and decrease are properties peculiar to bodies. Know that 'Nature,' according to the people of the Real, is applied to the dominion (malakūt) of the body. It is the power pervading all bodies, whether elemental or celestial, whether simple or composite. It is distinct from the specific forms belonging to bodies, since it is shared among all of them while the specific forms are particular. It is to the Universal Soul like an instrument for manifesting and governing the body, and in the animal it is in the position of the animal spirit, since through it action and passion are completed. So its individuals are like instruments for the particular immaterial souls, just as its universal is an instrument for their universal. It is thus the locus of manifestation of the Name 'the Bringer-into-Existence' (al-Mūjid), which is among the attendants of 'the Lord' (al-Rabb). He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فمن الطبيعة … ومن الظاهر منها﴾

في الخارج ؟ إذ لا يمكن أن يكون بعضها على ما هو المتوهّم منها ، وإلَّا لزم أن ينقص الكل بما ظهر منها وخرج من كنه كمونها ، ويزيد بعدم ذلك الظهور . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

externally? Since it is not possible for part of it to be as is imagined of it, otherwise it would follow that the whole would diminish by what became manifest from it and emerged from the inmost of its latency, and would increase by the absence of that manifestation. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فمن الطبيعة﴾

أي وإذا كان الأمر في نفسه واحد غير متعدد فما الطبيعة التي حضرت قوابل العالم كلها هو الوجود الحق المتعين بتعين كلي يؤثر في تلك القوابل به . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, and if the matter in itself is one, not multiple, then what is Nature, which is present in all the receptacles (qawābil) of the world? It is the Real Existence determined by a universal determination (taʿayyun kullī) through which it exerts its effect in those receptacles. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿فمن الطبيعة ومن الظاهر منها﴾

استفهامي أي أخبروني أي شيء هما أي وما أدركتم أي شيء هما

This is interrogative, meaning: inform me what these two are, i.e., what have you perceived these two to be?

Words 10–12 · 1 of 6

وَمِنَ الظَّاهِرِ مِنْهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ومن الظاهر منها﴾

أي من الطبيعة هي جزئياتها التي هي الوجود الحق المتعين بتعين كلي أولا ثم تعینات شخصية

that is, from Nature - [what appeared] are its particulars, which are the Real Existence, [first] determined by a universal determination and then by individual determinations

al-Qāshānī

﴿وما رأيناها نقصت بما ظهر عنها ، وما ازدادت بعدم ما ظهر غيرها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لأنها كلية طبيعية معقولة لا تزيد ولا تنقص ولا تتغير بنقصان جزئياتها وكثرتها وتغيرها ، فإن الحقائق الكلية كلمات الله التي لا تبديل فيه

because it is a universal, intelligible nature which does not increase or decrease, nor is it altered by the diminution, multiplicity, and change of its particulars. For the universal realities are the Words of God, in which there is no alteration

Ibn Turka

﴿وما رأيناها نقصت بما ظهر منها ، ولا زادت بعدم ما ظهر﴾

على ما هو مقتضى الجزئيّة ، ولا يمكن أن يكون جزئيّا لها لتحقّق المغايرة بين الكلَّي وجزئيه

as would be required by partiality, nor is it possible for it to be a part of it, since there is realized a difference between the universal and its particular

Jāmī

﴿وما رأيناها نقصت بما ظهر منها … ولا زادت بعدم ما ظهر﴾

منها من الأفراد فإنها حقيقة معقولة نسبتها إلى ما ظهر منها نسبة الكلي إلى جزئیاته لا نسبة الكل إلى أجزانه . فلا ينتقص بظهور الجزئيات وأفرادها عنها ولا يزيد برجوع الجزئيات إليها كما ينتقص الكل بأفراد الجزئيات عنه ویزید برجوعها إليه. وكذلك الوجود الحق لا ينقص بظهور المظاهر عنه ولا يزيد برجوعها إليه. قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

from it, of individuals - for it [Nature] is an intelligible reality whose relation (nisba) to what has appeared from it is the relation of the universal to its particulars, not the relation of the whole to its parts. So it is not diminished by the appearance of particulars and individuals from it, nor increased by the return of particulars to it, as a whole is diminished by individuals of its parts [separating] from it and increased by their return to it. Likewise the Real Existence is not diminished by the appearance of manifestations (maẓāhir) from it, nor increased by their return to it. The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما رأيناها نقصت بما ظهر عنها ولا زادت بعدم ما ظهر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الطبيعة هي القوة السارية في الأجسام كله . وأشار إلى أن الأمر الواحد في العدد هو الطبيعة ثم بين بعد الاستفهام حالهما . ونقل كلامه من الجمع إلى الفرق بقوله : (وما) استفهام

Nature is the power pervading all bodies. He indicated that the matter which is one in number is Nature, then after the interrogation he explained the state of the two. He shifted his discourse from the aspect of combination (jamʿ) to that of differentiation (farq) by his words: "and what" is interrogative

al-Qāshānī

﴿وما الذي ظهر غيرها﴾

بحسب الحقيقة

according to reality

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما الذي ظهر غيرها؟ وما هي عين ما ظهر لاختلاف الصور بالحكم عليها، فهذا بارد يابس وهذا حار يابس. فجمع باليبس، وأبان بغير ذلك﴾

(ما) في (ما الذي) للاستفهام. والثاني بمعنى (ليس). والثالث بمعنى (الذي) . أي، ما الذي ظهر من الطبيعة غير الطبيعة؟ أي، هي التي ظهرت في صور مراتبها لا غيرها. وليست الطبيعة غير الذي ظهر ، لأنها واحدة في الحكم والحقيقة ، وماظهر منها مختلف بالصورة والحكم، فهذا بارد يابس وهذا حار يابس. فجمع الحق بينهما باليبس، تنبيها على الأصل الجامع، وأبان بالحرارة والبرودة، تنبيها على فرعيته. قال رضي الله عنه

through dryness, and distinguished [them] through other than that.] 'Mā' in 'mā alladhī' is interrogative. The second is in the sense of 'is not.' The third is in the sense of 'that which.' That is: what is it that has manifested from Nature other than Nature? That is, it is Nature itself that has manifested in the forms of its levels, nothing else. And Nature is not other than that which has manifested, because it is one in ruling and reality; but that which manifests from it differs in form and ruling—this one is cold and dry, and this one is hot and dry. So the Real united between them through dryness, pointing to the unifying root, and distinguished them through heat and coldness, pointing to their derivative branch-ness. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وما الذي ظهر غيرها﴾

بما أشير إليه عقلا ونقلا وذوقا . ثمّ لمّا تقرّر أنّ المشهد الختمي الكمالي هو أنّ التوحيد الأتمّ ما يجمع بين التنزيه والتشبيه ، والتفرقة والجمع ، أراد أن يشير إلى ذلك بما يكشف عن أصله ومبدئه ، وهو أنّ الطبيعة الكلّ إذا لم تكن مغايرة لما ظهرت فيه لا بدّ وأن تكون عينه

by what is indicated rationally, traditionally, and by tasting (dhawq). Then, when it was established that the sealed, perfecting witnessing-place (mashhad) is that the most complete unification (tawḥīd) is that which joins together declaring incomparability (tanzīh) and declaring similarity (tashbīh), and differentiation and unification, he wished to point to that by what discloses its root and principle, which is that the all-encompassing Nature (ṭabīʿa), if it were not other than that in which it appeared, must necessarily be its very identity (ʿayn)

Jāmī

﴿وما الذي﴾

أي ليس الذي ظهركم من الطبيعة (غيرها) مطلقا بل هي التي ظهرت في صورة مرآتها لا غير كما أن الحق سبحانه نیس غير المظاهر مطلقا بل هو الذي ظهر بصورها . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, that which has made you appear is not from Nature (other than it) absolutely; rather it is [Nature] that has appeared in the form of its mirror, no more - just as the Real, glory be to Him, is not other than the manifestations (maẓāhir) absolutely, but rather He is that which has appeared in their forms. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿الذي ظهر غيرها وما هي عين ما ظهر﴾

أي ما ظهر من الطبيعة غير الطبيعة وكذلك الطبيعة غير ما ظهر منه

That is, what became manifest from Nature is other than Nature, and likewise Nature is other than what became manifest from it

al-Qāshānī

﴿وما هي عين ما ظهر﴾

بحسب التعين فإن المتعين المخصوص من حيث تعينه غير المطلق وغير المتعين الآخر. قال رضي الله عنه

according to entification, for the specific entified thing, in respect of its entification, is other than the absolute and other than another entified thing. He, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿وما هي عين ما ظهر ، لاختلاف الصور بالحكم عليها﴾

حسبما تصوّر بها من الأوصاف المتقابلة والآثار المتباينة المتناقضة ، المتسلَّطة في تلك الصور

due to the divergence of the forms in judgment upon them, according to what was configured in them of opposing attributes and divergent, contradictory effects that dominate in those forms

Jāmī

﴿وما هي﴾

أي ليست الطبيعة

that is, Nature is not

Words 30–33 · 1 of 6

عَيْنُ مَا ظَهَرَ لِاخْتِلَافِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عين ما ظهر منها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

مطلقا كما أن الحق سبحانه ليس عين المظاهر كذلك

absolutely - just as the Real, glory be to Him, is likewise not identical with the manifestations

al-Qāshānī

﴿لاختلاف الصور بالحكم عليها﴾

فإن لكل صورة من الصور المتعينات حكما خاصا ليس لغيرها . قال رضي الله عنه

for each of the entified forms has a specific ruling which does not belong to another. He, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿لاختلاف الصور﴾

أي صور ما ظهر منه

that is, the forms of what has appeared from it

Bālī Zāde

﴿لاختلاف الصور بالحكم عليها﴾

أي على الطبيعة في قولنا . (فهذا) أي هذا الشيء أو هذا المزاج

that is, upon Nature, in our statement: "so this" meaning this thing or this temperament (mizāj)

Words 35–36 · 1 of 6

بِالحُكْمِ عَلَيْهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿بالحكم عليها﴾

أي على الطبيعة (وهي) أي الطبيعة (واحدة) لا اختلاف في حقيقتها وحكمها فلا يكون غيره عين ما وقع فيه الاختلاف. (فهذا) الشيء

that is, upon Nature (and it) that is, Nature (is one) - there is no difference in its reality and its ruling; so nothing other than it could be identical with that in which the difference occurs. (So this) thing

al-Qāshānī

﴿فهذا بارد يابس ، وهذا حار يابس ، فجمع باليبس وأبان بغير ذلك﴾

مثال لاختلاف الصور بالأحكام ، فإن الأصل الواحد جمع بينهما باليبس وفرق بالحر والبرد ، وكذا بارد رطب وحار رطب فإنه جمع بالرطب وفرق بالحر والبرد ، وكذا بارد رطب وبارد يابس . فقد جمع بالبرد وفرق بالرطوبة واليبوسة ، والجامع الطبيعة أي الأصل الذي يحفظ في الكثرة جهة الجمعية الأحدية. قال رضي الله عنه

an example of the difference of forms through rulings, for the one root joins them by dryness and distinguishes them by heat and cold; likewise cold-moist and hot-moist, for it joins by moistness and distinguishes by heat and cold; and likewise cold-moist and cold-dry — it joins by coldness and distinguishes by moistness and dryness. And the joining factor is Nature, i.e., the root which preserves, within multiplicity, the aspect of unitary collectivity (al-jamʿiyya al-aḥadiyya). He, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿فهذا بارد يابس ، وهذا حارّ يابس﴾

وفي اختيار هذا المثال تنبيه على ما سلف لك من النظم الطبيعي الدوريّ الذي لآخر الكرات الطبيعيّة العنصريّة إلى أوّلها ، فلذلك قال

in the choice of this example there is an indication of what has preceded you regarding the cyclical natural order from the last of the elemental natural spheres to the first of them; hence he said

Jāmī

﴿بارد يابس﴾

فتحكم صورته على طبيعته بالبرودة واليبس. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (وهذا) الشيء الآخر

for its form imposes upon its nature the ruling of coldness and dryness. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (and this) other thing

Bālī Zāde

﴿بارد يابس وهذا … حار يابس فجمع﴾

بينهم (باليبس) أي بسببه . (وأبان) أي ظهر الجامع

between them (by dryness), that is, by reason of it. (And it made manifest), that is, it manifested the combining factor

Words 41–42 · 1 of 6

حَارٌّ يَابِسٌ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿حار يابس﴾

تحكم صورته على طبيعته بالحرارة واليبس. (فجمع) الحاكم وهو الصورة بين هذين لا الببسين في الحكم

its form imposes upon its nature the ruling of heat and dryness. (So it combined) - the judge, namely the form, combined between these two in the dryness

Ibn Turka

﴿فجمع باليبس﴾

الذي هو صورة المركز

which is the form of the center

Jāmī

﴿باليبس وأبان﴾

بينهما في الحكم

between them in ruling

Ibn Turka

﴿وأبان بغير ذلك﴾

من الكيفيّات التي للكرات المحيطة الأعلى فالأعلى . وقوله رضي الله عنه

of the qualities belonging to the encompassing spheres, each higher than the other. And his saying, may God be pleased with him

Jāmī

﴿بغير ذلك﴾

اليبس يعني الحرارة والبرودة فهاتان الصورتان وإن اتفقتا في الحكم باليبس لكنهما اختلفتا في الحكم بالحرارة والبرودة . فكل منهما بخلاف ما يحكم به الآخر (والجامع) بين هذه الصور المختلفة الأحكام هو (الطبيعة) التي لا اختلاف فيها من حيث ذاته

i.e., dryness - meaning heat and coldness. So these two forms, though they agree in the ruling of dryness, differ in the ruling of heat and coldness; each of them is contrary to what the other dictates. (And the unifying factor) among these forms differing in their rulings is (Nature), in which there is no difference, from the standpoint of its essence

Bālī Zāde

﴿بغير ذلك﴾

وهو البرودة والحرارة فظهر من الطبيعة بعد الجمع البرودة والحرارة اللتين لم تكونا قبل الجمع فاختلفت الصور بالحكم عليها . فكان ما ظهر منها غيرها وهي غير ما ظهر (والجامع) بين البارد واليابس والحار واليابس (الطبيعة) فكانت الطبيعة سارية في الموجودات ظاهرة بالصور المختلفة

namely coldness and heat. So from Nature, after the combination, there manifested coldness and heat which had not existed before the combination; thus the forms differed in the judgment upon it. So what became manifest from it was other than it, and it is other than what became manifest. (And the combining factor) between the cold-and-dry and the hot-and-dry (is Nature). Thus Nature was pervasive in existent things, manifest through differing forms

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والجامع الطبيعة، لا، بل العين الطبيعة.﴾

أي، والحال أن الجامع بينها، أي بين الصور، الطبيعة، لا بل العين الواحدة المعهودة، وهي التي ظهرت بصور هذه الموجودات كلها، هي عين الطبيعة. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, while the unifying factor among them, i.e., among the forms, is Nature—nay, rather, it is the one familiar single entity, which is that which manifested in the forms of all these existent things, that is the very entity of Nature. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿والجامع الطبيعة﴾

إشارة إلى الفرق التنزيهي الذي هو مشهد اولي العقول. كما أنّ قوله رضي الله عنه

indicates the differentiation of incomparability (tanzīh), which is the witnessing-place of those possessed of intellects. Just as his saying, may God be pleased with him

al-Qāshānī

﴿لا بل العين الطبيعية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي العين الواحدة التي هي حقيقة الحق هو الطبيعة في الحقيقة ظهرت في العالم العقلي بصورتها وتلبست بتعينها الكلى فتسمت طبيعة. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, the one entity which is the Reality of the Real is, in reality, Nature itself; it manifested in the intelligible world in its form and clothed itself in its universal entification, and so was named Nature. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿لا ، بل العين الطبيعة﴾

يعني رضي الله عنه : العين المظهرة لصور الأضداد في المادّة القابلة لها عين صورها ، عين المادّة ، فإنّ الكلّ في الكلّ ومن الكلّ . قال رضي الله عنه

He - may God be pleased with him - means: the entity that manifests the forms of opposites within the receptive matter is the very entity of its forms, the very entity of matter - for the whole is in the whole and from the whole. He - may God be pleased with him - said:

Ibn Turka

﴿لا ، بل العين الطبيعة﴾

إشارة إلى الجمع التشبيهي الذي هو مشهد اولي الذوق والشهود . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

indicates the unification of similarity (tashbīh), which is the witnessing-place of those possessed of taste (dhawq) and witnessing (shuhūd). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿لا بل﴾

الجامع

the unifying factor

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا بل العين﴾

الواحدة التي ظهرت بصور الموجودات كلها هي عين

which became manifest through the forms of all existent things — it is the very entity of

al-Qāshānī

﴿فعالم الطبيعة صور في مرآة واحدة﴾

أي صور متضادة الكيفيات في مرآة الطبيعة الواحدة ، كما أن الطبيعة وسائر حقائق العالم صور مختلفة التعينات في مرآة واحدة هي الوجود الحق الواحد المطلق على ما هو شهود المحقق وكشف الكامل الموحد. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, forms of opposing qualities in the one mirror of Nature, just as Nature and all the other realities of the world are forms of differing entifications in a single mirror, which is the one Absolute Real Existence, according to the witnessing of the realizer (muḥaqqiq) and the unveiling of the perfect unifier (al-kāmil al-muwaḥḥid). He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿فعالم الطبيعة صور في مرآة واحدة ، لا ، بل صورة واحدة في مرايا مختلفة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ الطبيعة حقيقة واحدة ، قابلة لظهور الصور المختلفة فيها مختلفة بموجب حقائقها ، فإنّها بحسب الجميع ، فما لها حسب معيّن يوجب تعيّن الكلّ واحدا معيّنا ، فيظهر كلّ من الأضداد فيها بصورتها كظهور حقائق العالم في مرآة الوجود الواحد الحق بموجب خصوصيّاتها المتكثّرة المختلفة المتباينة والمتماثلة. وبمقتضى حقائقها ، وهذا مشهد الكمّل ، ومشرب المحقّق الراسخ المكمّل ، أو الطبيعة صورة واحدة في مرائي مختلفة كعكس ما ذكرنا من المشهد ، كظهور الوجود الواحد الحق في أعيان الأشياء بحسب خصوصيّاتها ، وهو مشهد الجمهور من أهل الكشف والشهود من المتقدّمين رحمهم الله . والحقّ أنّ الأمرين صادقان في حالة واحدة ، وموجبان الحيرة العظيمة في مرتبة الفكر عند العقلاء الوارثين للحقائق بموازين الفكر والنظر العقلي . قال رضي الله عنه

He - may God be pleased with him - means: that Nature is a single reality, receptive to the manifestation of different forms within it, differing according to their realities - for it is in accordance with all of them, having no determinate mode (ḥasab) that would necessitate the entification of the whole as one determinate thing. So each of the opposites manifests within it in its own form, just as the realities of the world manifest in the mirror of the one Real Existence in accordance with their numerous, differing, divergent and resembling particularities, and according to the requirement of their realities. This is the witnessing (mashhad) of the perfect ones (al-kummal), and the drinking-place (mashrab) of the verifying, firmly-rooted, perfected one. Or: Nature is a single form in diverse mirrors - the reverse of the witnessing we mentioned - like the manifestation of the one Real Existence in the entities (aʿyān) of things according to their particularities, and this is the witnessing of the majority of the people of unveiling and witnessing among the predecessors, may God have mercy on them. And the truth is that both statements are true in a single state, and both necessitate immense perplexity at the level of reflective thought among the rational who inherit realities by the scales of reflection and rational speculation. He - may God be pleased with him - said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فعالم الطبيعة صور في مرآة واحدة، لا بل صورة واحدة في مرآيا مختلفة.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، عالم الطبيعة صور مختلفة حاصلة في مرأة الذات الإلهية من غير حصول التعدد والتكثر فيها. ثم أضرب بقوله

That is, the world of Nature consists of differing forms occurring in the mirror of the Divine Essence, without multiplicity or plurality occurring within it. Then he withdrew, saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿فعالم الطبيعة صور في مرآة واحدة﴾

إشارة إلى تفصيل معنى الأوّل ، و

indicates the elaboration of the meaning of the first, and

Jāmī

﴿فعالم الطبيعة﴾

أي الطبيعة المطلقة و جزئیاتها المفيدة والصور الطبيعية الجزئية التي سرت الطبيعة فيها كله (صور) لأعيانها الثابتة ظهرت

that is, Absolute Nature and its beneficial particulars, and the particular natural forms through which Nature has run - all of it is (forms) of its fixed entities (aʿyān thābita) that have appeared

Bālī Zāde

﴿الطبيعة فعالم الطبيعة صور﴾

والطبيعة ملكوت تلك الصورة في مرآة واحدة وهي الذات الإلهية. وهذا إذا اعتبر أن الوجود للمخلوق والحق مرآة له وحينئي الطبيعة غير العين الواحدة

and Nature is the malakūt (dominion) of that form in a single mirror, which is the Divine Essence. This is when one considers that existence belongs to the created thing and the Real is a mirror for it; in that case Nature is other than the single entity

Words 57–59 · 1 of 6

فِي مَرْآةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في مرآة واحدة﴾

هي الوجود الحق . فالصور مشهودة والمرأة غير مشهودة كما هو شأن المرآة

which is the Real Existence. So the forms are witnessed while the mirror is not witnessed, as is the case with mirrors

al-Qāshānī

﴿لا بل صورة واحدة في مرايا مختلفة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي صورة الطبيعة الواحدة في مرايا قوابل مختلفة متضادة الكيفيات ، بعكس ما ذكر لظهور الوجود الواحد الحق في مرايا الحقائق والأعيان على ما هو شهود العارف الموحد المعاين. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, the form of the one Nature in differing receptive mirrors of opposing qualities — the reverse of what was mentioned — on account of the manifestation of the one Real Existence in the mirrors of the realities and entities, according to the witnessing of the unifying knower who directly perceives. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لا، بل صورة واحدة﴾

وهي الذات الإلهية في مرايا مختلفة، وهي الأعيان قال رضي الله عنه : (فما الوجه الا واحد غير أنه إذا أنت عددت المرايا تعددا) تنبيها بحكم المقامين: مقام الموحد، ومقام المحقق. وقد مر تحقيق المرآتين مرارا. قال رضي الله عنه

—namely the Divine Essence—in differing mirrors, namely the entities (al-aʿyān). He, may God be pleased with him, said: 'So the Face is but one, except that when you count the mirrors, it becomes numbered'—pointing to the ruling of the two stations: the station of the one who declares unity (al-muwaḥḥid), and the station of the one who realizes [the truth] (al-muḥaqqiq). The verification of the two mirrors has already been established repeatedly. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿لا ، بل صورة واحدة في مرايا مختلفة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إلى تفصيل معنى الثاني . حيرة العقل النظري ثمّ إنّ الجمع بين الطرفين والاحتواء على المتقابلين مما لا بدّ منه في كلّ من هذين المشهدين - على ما لا يخفى - وإذ ليس من وسع العقل بقوّته النظريّة أن يضبطهما ضبطا جمعيا إحاطيّا ، وما أمكن له أن يخوض في تيّار ذلك البحر عندما تتلاطم أمواج المتقابلات والمتناقضات الدافعة للضبط ، الذي به يدرك العقل ما يدركه ، قال : قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

indicates the elaboration of the meaning of the second. The bewilderment of the theoretical intellect. Then indeed, combining the two extremes and encompassing the two opposites is something unavoidable in each of these two witnessing-places—as is not hidden—and since it is not within the capacity of the intellect, by its theoretical power, to contain them both in a comprehensive, encompassing containment, nor is it possible for it to wade into the current of that sea when the waves of opposites and contradictions that repel containment—by which the intellect grasps what it grasps—clash together, he said: the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿لا بل﴾

عالم الطبيعة

the world of Nature [is]

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا بل﴾

عالم الطبيعة

the world of Nature is

Words 62–63 · 2 of 6

صُورَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ

Jāmī

﴿صورة واحدة﴾

وهي الوجود الحق ظهرت (في مرايا مختلفة) . هي تلك الأعيان الثابتة فتراءت بجمعها مختلفة متعددة

— namely, the Real Existence — which appeared (in diverse mirrors), namely those fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita), so it appeared, through their totality, as diverse and multiple

Bālī Zāde

﴿صورة واحدة﴾

وهي الذات الإلهية التي تسمى عين واحدة (في مرايا مختلفة) . وبهذا الاعتبار كانت الطبيعة عين العين الواحدة (فما ثمة) أي ليس في هذه المسالة (الأخيرة لتفرق النظر) ، لأنه بالنظر إلى صور في مرأة واحدة يظهر الخلق ويختفي الحق وبالنظر إلى صورة واحدة في مرايا مختلفة يظهر الحق ويختفي الخلق وهذا معنى تفرق النظر

namely, the Divine Essence, which is called a single entity (in differing mirrors). By this consideration, nature is identical with the single entity. (For there is not here) i.e., in this final matter (a dispersal of perspective), because when one looks at forms in a single mirror, creation becomes manifest and the Real becomes hidden, whereas when one looks at a single form in differing mirrors, the Real becomes manifest and creation becomes hidden — and this is the meaning of "dispersal of perspective"

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.