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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ قُدُّوسِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِدْرِيسِيَّةٍ

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6 · 80 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

قال الخَرَّازُ وَهُوَ وَجْهٌ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الحَقِّ وَلِسَانٌ مِنْ أَلْسِنَتِهِ يَنطِقُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بَجَمْعِهِ بَيْنَ الأَضْدَادِ فِي الحُكْمِ عَلَيْهِ بِهَا فَهُوَ الأوَّلُ وَالآخِرُ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَالبَاطِنُ فَهُوَ عَيْنُ مَا ظَهَرَ وَهُوَ عَيْنُ مَا بَطَنَ فِي حَالِ ظُهُورِهِ وَمَا ثَمَّ مَنْ يَرَاهُ غَيْرُهُ وَمَا ثَمَّ مَنْ يَبْطُنُ عَنْهُ فَهُوَ ظَاهِرٌ لِنَفْسِهِ بَاطِنٌ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ المُسَمَّى أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الخَرَّازِ وَغَيْرَ ذَلكَ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ المُحْدَثَاتِ فَيَقُولُ البَاطِنُ لَا إِذَا قَالَ الظَّاهِرُ أَنَا وَيَقُولُ الظَّاهِرُ لَا إِذَا قَالَ البَاطِنُ أَنَا

Al-Kharrāz said (and he is one face among the faces of the Real and one tongue among His tongues, speaking about Himself) that God is not known except through His bringing together of opposites, in that they are [all] predicated of Him. So *He is the First and the Last, the Manifest and the Nonmanifest* [Q 57:3]. He is the very self of what is manifest, and He is the very self of what is nonmanifest in the state of His manifestation. There is no one there who sees Him other than He, and there is no one there from whom He is nonmanifest. So He is manifest to Himself and nonmanifest from Himself. And He is the one named Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz, and [bearer of] the other names of temporally originated things. So the Nonmanifest says 'No' when the Manifest says 'I', and the Manifest says 'No' when the Nonmanifest says 'I'.

On the whole passage · 3 of 6

al-Qāshānī

﴿ينطق عن نفسه بأن الله لا يعرف إلا بجمعه بين الأضداد في الحكم عليه بها ، فهو الأول والآخر والظاهر والباطن ، فهو عين ما ظهر وهو عين ما بطن في حال ظهوره ، وما ثم من يراه غيره وما ثم من يبطن عنه ، فهو ظاهر لنفسه باطن عنه ، وهو المسمى أبا سعيد الخراز وغير ذلك من أسماء المحدثات﴾

قيل لأبى سعيد الخراز رحمه الله : بم عرفت الله ؟ قال : بجمعه بين الأضداد وما هو إلا ظهور الحق في صورته بجميع أسمائه المتضادة ، فهو محكوم عليه بها كالحق ، بل هو حق من حيث الحقيقة ، وجه خاص من وجوهه من حيث تعينه وخصوصيته كسائر المحدثات . إذ ليس في الوجود غيره إلا أن الوجود متفاوتة متفاضلة بحسب ظهور الأسماء فيها وبطونها ، وغلبة أحكام الوجوب والإمكان فيها بعضها على بعض . كغلبة الروحانية في بعضها والجسمانية في بعضها . قال رضي الله عنه

that God is not known except by combining opposites in the judgment made of Him by them; for He is the First and the Last, the Manifest and the Nonmanifest; He is identical with what is manifest and identical with what is nonmanifest in its state of manifestation. There is none who sees Him other than Himself, and none from whom He is hidden other than Himself; so He is manifest to Himself [and] nonmanifest from Himself. And He is the one named Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz, and other than that among the names of temporally-originated things.] It was said to Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz, may God have mercy on him: by what did you come to know God? He said: By His combining opposites. And this is nothing but the manifestation of the Real in his [i.e., al-Kharrāz's] form, with all of His mutually opposed names, so judgment is made of him by them just as of the Real — indeed he is the Real from the standpoint of reality, [yet] a particular face among His faces from the standpoint of his determination (taʿayyun) and particularity, like all other temporally-originated things. For there is nothing in existence other than Him, except that existents differ and vary according to the manifestation of the names within them and their concealment, and the predominance of the rulings of necessity and possibility, some over others — like the predominance of spirituality in some of them and corporeality in others. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

﴿فيقول الباطن لا إذا قال الظاهر أنا ، ويقول الظاهر لا إذا قال الباطن أنا ، وهذا في كل ضد والمتكلم واحد ، وهو عين السامع بقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم « وما حدثت به أنفسها » فهي المحدثة والسامعة حديثها ، العالمة بما حدثت به أنفسها ، والعين واحدة وإن اختلفت الأحكام ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا ، فإنه يعلم كل إنسان من نفسه وهو صورة الحق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعنى أن كل اسم من أسمائه تعالى يثبت مقتضاه وينفى مقابله من الأسماء ما أثبته بإثبات ما يقتضيه ، وكذلك كل جزء من العالم يثبت أنانيته بإظهار خاصيته وينفى ضده ما أثبته ، ويبطل دعواه بإظهار ما يضاد تلك الخاصية ، فكل أحد يخبر عما في طبعه والآخر يجيبه والمخبر والمجيب واحد. وقد تمثل بقول النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام في بيان مغفرته تعالى لذنوب أمته " ما صدرت عن جوارحهم وما حدثت به أنفسهم وإن لم يفعلوه ". فإن كل إنسان قد يحدث نفسه بفعل شيء ويهم به ، ويرده عنه من فعله صارف منه وهو يسمع حديث نفسه ويعلم اختلاف أحكامها عند التردد في الفعل . وهو المحدث والسامع والآمر والناهي والعالم بجميع ذلك ، مع أن عينه واحدة لاختلاف قواه ومبادئ أفعاله من العقل والوهم والغضب والشهوة وغير ذلك ، فهو بعينه صورة الحق في الوجوه والأحكام الأسمائية . قال رضي الله عنه

That is: every one of His, exalted, names establishes what it requires and negates the opposing name — what the latter establishes, [the former] negates by establishing what it requires. Likewise every part of the cosmos establishes its own "I-ness" (ananiyya) by manifesting its distinctive property, and its opposite negates what it has established, nullifying its claim by manifesting what opposes that property. So each one reports what is in its nature, and the other answers it, while the reporter and the answerer are one. And he [Ibn ʿArabī] likened this to the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in explaining God's, exalted, forgiveness of the sins of his community: "what proceeded not from their limbs, and what their souls spoke to themselves, even if they did not do it." For every human may speak to himself of doing something and resolve upon it, then be turned away from doing it by some deterrent within him, while he hears the speech of his own soul and knows the variance of its rulings when wavering over the action. He is the speaker, the hearer, the commander, the forbidder, and the knower of all that, even though his entity is one, due to the variance of his faculties and the principles of his actions — intellect, imagination, anger, appetite, and so on. So he, in his very entity, is the form of the Real in [its] faces and name-derived rulings. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿قال الخرّاز وهو وجه من وجوه الحق ، ولسان من ألسنته ، ينطق عن نفسه : بأنّ الله لا يعرف إلَّا بجمعه بين الأضداد في الحكم عليه بها ، فهو الأوّل والآخر ، والظاهر والباطن . فهو عين ما ظهر ، وهو عين ما بطن في حال ظهوره ، وما ثمّ من يراه غيره ، وما ثمّ من يبطن عنه ، فهو ظاهر لنفسه ، باطن عنه ، وهو المسمّى أبا سعيد الخرّاز وغيره من أسماء المحدثات﴾

قال العبد : يشير رضي الله عنه إلى أحدية العين وكثرة الوجوه ، فهو الواحد الأحد بالذات والعين ، والكثير المتعدّد بالتعيّن والصورة ، وعلى هذا فأبو سعيد الخرّاز وجه من هذه الوجوه وتعيّن من تعيّنات الواحد العين ، فهو من حيث هو يخبر عن نفسه أنّه عرف نفسه بجمعه بين الأضداد . قيل له سلام الله عليه : بم عرفت الله ؟ قال : بجمعه بين الأضداد . وذلك لأنّ الهوية الإلهية موضوع لجميع الأضداد والأنداد في قوله : " هُوَ الأَوَّلُ وَالآخِرُ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَالْباطِنُ "وهو" الهادي والمضلّ" ، و"اللطيف والشديد" ، و"الغفور والمنتقم" ، وغير ذلك . وهي أحدية جمع جميع الأسماء والمسمّيات التي تقضي بكمال الاقتدار ، الذي لا يعرف إلَّا بكمال ظهور أثر القدرة ، وكمال القدرة في الجمع بين المتنافيات والمتنافرات والمتشاكلات والمتماثلات تحت حيطتها مع أحدية العين وذات هي جمع جميع المتنافيات والمتباينات والمتشاكلة من وجه أو وجوه . لا يكون شيء خارجا عن حكمه ولا شيء يشبهه ولا شيء يناقضه ويضادّه ويباينه ويحادّه وإذا كانت العين الواحدة ظاهرة بوجوه كثيرة مختلفة مفترقة ومؤتلفة متّفقة ، وحيثيات متعدّدة متباينة ومتناسبة ، فلا اختلاف إذن في الحقيقة والعين ، بل في الحيثيات التعيّنية والاعتبارات التعقّلية ، فإذا اعتبرنا الحقيقة والعين . قلنا بالأحدية الصرفة ، وإذا اعتبرنا الكثرة بالفرق والجمع ، قلنا بالكثرة . قال رضي الله عنه : « فيقول الباطن : « لا » إذا قال الظاهر : « أنا » . ويقول الظاهر : "لا

The servant says: He (may God be pleased with him) points to the unicity of the entity (aḥadiyyat al-ʿayn) and the multiplicity of the aspects (wujūh); for He is the One, the Unique, by Essence and entity, and the many, the multiple, by entification and form. Accordingly, Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz is one face among these faces and one entification among the entifications of the One Entity; so he, insofar as he is himself, reports of himself that he knew himself through His combining the opposites. He was asked, peace of God be upon him: "By what did you know God?" He said: "By His combining the opposites." This is because the Divine Ipseity (huwiyya) is the locus of all opposites and counterparts, as in His saying: "He is the First and the Last, the Manifest and the Nonmanifest," and He is "the Guide and the Misleader," and "the Gentle and the Severe," and "the Forgiving and the Avenger," and other such pairs. This is the unicity of the gathering (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ) of all the Names and the named things, which attests to the perfection of power—a perfection that is known only through the perfect manifestation of the trace of power. And the perfection of power lies in combining the incompatible, the discordant, the similar, and the resembling, all under its encompassing, together with the unicity of the entity—an Essence that is the gathering of all the incompatible, divergent, and similar things from one aspect or several aspects. Nothing falls outside His judgment, nothing resembles Him, and nothing contradicts, opposes, diverges from, or borders upon Him. And since the one entity is manifest through many different aspects—separate and united, concordant and discordant, and through multiple standpoints, divergent yet corresponding—there is, then, no difference in the reality and the entity itself, but only in the entificational standpoints and the intellectual considerations. So when we consider the reality and the entity, we affirm pure unicity (al-aḥadiyya al-ṣirfa); and when we consider multiplicity through differentiation and gathering, we affirm multiplicity. He (may God be pleased with him) said: "So the Nonmanifest says 'No' when the Manifest says 'I,' and the Manifest says 'No'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أن الله لا يعرف إلا بجمعه بين الأضداد في الحكم عليه بها: وهو الأول والآخر والظاهر والباطن. فهو عين ما ظهر في حال بطونه، وهو عين ما بطن في حال ظهوره وما ثم من يراه غيره، وما ثم من يبطن عنه، فهو ظاهر لنفسه باطن عنه. وهو المسمى أبا سعيد الخراز وغير ذلك من أسماء المحدثات﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، قال أبو سعيد الخراز، قدس الله روحه، وهو من أكابر الأولياء لذلك قال

That is, Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz, may God sanctify his spirit—and he is among the greatest of the saints (awliyāʾ)—said this, hence he said:

Ibn Turka

﴿قال الخرّاز - وهو وجه من وجوه الحقّ ولسان من ألسنته ينطق عن نفسه - بأنّ الله لا يعرف إلَّا بجمعه بين الأضداد في الحكم عليه بها﴾

أي بالأضداد ، على ما هو مقتضى وحدته الذاتيّة - إذ به يعرف تلك الوحدة كما مرّ غير مرّة -

that is, through the opposites, in accordance with what is required by His essential Oneness – since through it that Oneness is known, as has been mentioned more than once –

Jāmī

﴿قال الخراز﴾

رحمه الله تعالى

may God Almighty have mercy on him

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو وجه من وجوه الحق ولسان من ألسنته﴾

أي، والحال أنه مظهر من مظاهره الكلية ولسان من ألسنة الحق

That is, and the fact is that he is one of the universal loci of manifestation of the Real and one tongue among the tongues of the Real.

Jāmī

﴿وهو وجه من وجوه الحق﴾

و مظهر من مظاهره الكاملة

and a locus of manifestation among His perfect loci of manifestation

Jāmī

﴿و لسان من ألسنته ينطق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الحق به (عن) أحوال (نفسه) كما في سائر العارفین . وقوله هو

- the Real speaks through it - (of) the states of (Himself), as with the rest of the gnostics. And his saying 'He'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ينطق عن نفسه﴾

أي، يخبر عن نفسه المتصفة بالصفات الإلهية من حيث جامعيتها للأمور المتضادة، بأن الله لا يعرف إلا بجمعه بين الضدين والنقيضين من وجه واحد، كما صرح به في الفتوحات. فإنه (الأول) من حيث إنه (الآخر) وبالعكس، و (الظاهر) من حيث إنه (الباطن) وبالعكس، فاختص الجمع بينهما من وجه واحد بالحق، وغيره وإن كان يجمع بينهما، لكن من وجهينمختلفين. والعقل لا يثبت الأمور المختلفة لشئ واحد إلا من جهات مختلفة، فالجمع بينهما من جهة واحدة خارج عن طور العقل) وقوله

That is, reporting about his own self, which is qualified with the divine attributes insofar as they comprehend contrary matters—namely, that God is not known except through His combining the two contraries and the two contradictories from a single respect, as he explicitly states in al-Futūḥāt. For He is 'the First' insofar as He is 'the Last' and vice versa, and 'the Manifest' insofar as He is 'the Nonmanifest' and vice versa. So the combination of the two from a single respect is peculiar to the Real; as for anything else, although it may combine the two, it does so from two different respects. The intellect does not establish differing matters for a single thing except from differing aspects; so the combination of the two from a single aspect lies outside the scope of the intellect. And his saying:

Bālī Zāde

﴿عن نفسه﴾

أي عن مرتبته ومقامه في رتبة العلم بالله

i.e., about his rank and station in the degree of knowledge of God

Jāmī

﴿بأن الله … لا يعرف﴾

أي لا يعرفه أحد (ألا يجمعه بین الأضداد في الحكم عليه بها) ، فهي: إما خاصة كالسواد والبياض والكبير والصغير. وإما عامة كقوله

i.e., no one knows Him (unless he combines in Him between opposites in the judgment made of Him). These are either particular, like black and white, large and small, or general, as in his saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿بأن الله لا يعرف إلا بجمع بين الأضداد في الحكم عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي على الله (بها) أي بالأضداد ثم بعد ذلك حكم عليه بالأضداد . فقال

i.e., concerning God, (with them) i.e., with the opposites; then after that He is characterized by the opposites. He said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فهو الأوّل والآخر ،والظاهر والباطن ، فهو عين ما ظهر ،وهو عين ما بطن في حال ظهوره﴾

فإنّ الظهور إنّما يكون بالصور الحاجبة فهو في عين بطونه ظاهر ، وفي عين ظهوره باطن . بدت باحتجاب فاختفت بمظاهر وذلك الظهور والبطون ليس لغيره أو عنه ، إذ ليس له وجود

for manifestation only occurs through veiling forms, so He is, in the very state of His nonmanifestation, manifest, and in the very state of His manifestation, nonmanifest. He appeared through concealment, so He became hidden through loci of manifestation; and that manifestation and nonmanifestation are not attributable to other than Him or apart from Him, since there is no [independent] existence for anything else

Jāmī

﴿ف " هو الأول والأخر والظاهر والباطن" فهو عين ما ظهر وهو عين ما بطن … في حال ظهوره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ظرف للحكم المفهوم من قوله : هو عين ما بطن

an adverbial clause for the judgment understood from his saying: He is the very reality of what is nonmanifest

Bālī Zāde

﴿هو الأول والأخر والظاهر والباطن﴾

وهذا حكم عليه بالأضداد وأما جمع فقد أشار إليه بقوله

- this is a characterization of Him by opposites; as for the combination (jamʿ), he alluded to it by saying:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فهو عين ما ظهر %~% الخ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يحتمل أن يكون من تتمة القول، ويحتمل أن يكون أيضا كلامه وهو الأظهر. أي، فالحق عين ما ظهر في حال بطونه، وعين ما بطن في حال ظهوره، وظهوره عين بطونه وبطونه عين ظهوره. وما في الوجود غيره ليراه ويكون ظاهرا بالنسبة إليه، بل الرائي أيضا عينه، وما ثم من يبطن عنه ليكون باطنا. فهو ظاهر لنفسه بنفسه، كظهوره للعارفين، وباطن عن نفسه بنفسه، كبطونه واختفائه عن المحجوبين. وليس العارف والمحجوب إلا مظهرين من مظاهره، فالحق هو المسمى باسم المحدثات أبى سعيد وغيره من الأسماء بحسب تنزلاته في منازل الأكوان. قال رضي الله عنه

It is possible that this is a continuation of the quoted saying [of al-Kharrāz], and it is also possible that it is likewise [Ibn ʿArabī's] own words—and this is the more evident reading. That is, the Real is identical with what became manifest in the state of His nonmanifestation, and identical with what became nonmanifest in the state of His manifestation; His manifestation is identical with His nonmanifestation, and His nonmanifestation is identical with His manifestation. There is nothing else in existence to see Him and thereby be manifest relative to Him—rather, the seer too is identical with Him; and there is none hidden from Him so as to constitute a nonmanifest. So He is manifest to Himself by Himself, as His manifestation is to the knowers (al-ʿārifīn), and nonmanifest from Himself by Himself, as His nonmanifestation and concealment are from the veiled ones (al-maḥjūbīn). The knower and the veiled one are nothing but two loci of manifestation among His loci of manifestation. So the Real is the one named by the names of created things—Abū Saʿīd and other names—according to His descents (tanazzulāt) into the abodes of the cosmos. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهو عين ما ظهر وهو عين ما بطن في حال ظهوره﴾

فقد جمع الظاهر والباطن من جهة واحدة وهي حال الظهور . (وما ثمة) أي وما في العالم

- he has combined the manifest and the nonmanifest from one single aspect, namely the state of manifestation. (And there is not), i.e., in the cosmos,

Ibn Turka

﴿وما ثمّ من تراه غيره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حتّى يظهر له

so that he might appear to Him

Jāmī

﴿وما ثم من يراه غيره﴾

ليكون ظاهرة له

so that it [the seeing] would be manifest to Him

Words 44–46 · 1 of 6

مَنْ يَرَاهُ غَيْرُهُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿من يراه غيره﴾

أي من يرى الحق غیر نفسه إذ كل من يراه فهو عين نفسه (وما ثمة من يبطن) الحق

i.e., whoever sees the Real sees him as identical with himself (ʿayn nafsihi), since everyone who sees Him is identical with Himself; (and there is not anyone who conceals) the Real

Ibn Turka

﴿وما ثمّ من﴾

يحتجب له حتّى

who veils himself from Him so that

Jāmī

﴿وما ثم من يبطن عنه﴾

ليكون باطنا عنه ، فإذا ظهر الواحد من العارفين

so that it would be nonmanifest from Him. So when one of the gnostics becomes manifest

Ibn Turka

﴿يبطن عنه ، فهو ظاهر لنفسه ، باطن عنه ، وهو المسمّى أبا سعيد الخرّاز﴾

الذي ظهر له ، وجعله لسانا يظهره

who became manifest to Him, and He made him a tongue through which He manifests Himself

Bālī Zāde

﴿عنه فهو ظاهر لنفسه باطن عنه وهو المسمى أبو سعيد الخراز﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من هذا الوجه

from this standpoint

Words 52–54 · 1 of 6

فَهُوَ ظَاهِرٌ لِنَفْسِهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فهو ظاهر لنفسه﴾

لا لغيره. لأن ذلك العارف وجه من وجوهه الكاملة وإذا بطن عن أحد من الجاهلين (وهو باطن عنه) ، أي عن نفسه لا من غيره، لأن ذلك الجاهل مظهر من مظاهره الحجابية

not to another, because that gnostic is a face among His perfect faces. And when he becomes nonmanifest to one of the ignorant, (he is nonmanifest from him), i.e., from himself, not from another, because that ignorant one is a locus of manifestation among His veiling loci of manifestation

Jāmī

﴿وهو المسمى أبا سعيد الخراز وغير ذلك من أسماء المحدثات﴾

بحسب تنزلاته إلى مظاهر الأكوان. قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

according to his descents into the loci of manifestation of the cosmos. The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿وغير ذلك من أسماء المحدثات﴾

التي يحتجب فيه وجعلها ستائر إخفائه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (فيقول الظاهر : « لا » إذا قال الباطن : « أنا » . ويقول الباطن :« لا » إذا قال الظاهر : « أنا » وهكذا في كلّ ضدّ ) يطويه الأحديّة الإطلاقيّة - كالقابليّة والفاعليّة والمتكلَّميّة والسامعيّة -

through which He veils Himself and which He made into curtains of His concealment. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (So the Manifest says, "No," when the Nonmanifest says, "I"; and the Nonmanifest says, "No," when the Manifest says, "I"; and thus it is with every opposite) which the absolute Oneness folds up – such as receptivity and activity, being-the-speaker and being-the-hearer –

Bālī Zāde

﴿وغير ذلك من أسماء المحدثات﴾

إذ المسمى بأسماء المحدثات حينئذ عین الحق كما أن الصور المختلفة الحادثة في المرايا باي أسماء سميتها لا يسمى بها إلا صاحب هذه الصورة. لأن ما يسمى بهذه الأسماء عين صاحب هذه الصور , فذات الخراز اسم الله تعالی ودليله فهو المسمى والمدلل أبو سعيد الخراز , والاسم أي اللفظ الدال على الخراز دال على ما دل عليه الخراز عند العارف بالله وبأسمائه . وهذا لسان الوحدة عبر الخراز عند انكشافها بهذا العبارات وبعد قول الخراز شرع في بيان الأضداد وأحكامها بقوله

since what is named by the names of the originated things is then identical with the Real, just as the different originated forms in mirrors - by whatever names you name them - are named by nothing but [the name of] the owner of that form. For what is named by these names is identical with the owner of these forms. So the essence of al-Kharrāz is a name of God Most High and a proof of Him; so the one named and the one proven is Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz, and the name, i.e., the utterance indicating al-Kharrāz, indicates that to which al-Kharrāz points, in the view of the one who knows God and His names. This is the language of oneness (waḥda) which al-Kharrāz expressed, upon its being unveiled, with these phrases. And after the saying of al-Kharrāz, he began explaining the opposites and their rulings, saying:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فيقول: الباطن، لا إذاقال: الظاهر أنا، ويقول: الظاهر لا، إذا قال: الباطن أنا. وهذا في كل ضد.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، إذا قال الاسم الظاهر: أنا مظهرا إنيته ومريدا لتحققه، ينفيه الاسمالباطن، فان الضد ينفى الضد. فإذا قال الباطن: أنا ظاهرا لحقيقته ومثبت لحقيته، ينفيه الظاهر. وهكذا الأمر في كل من الضدين، فإنه يثبت مقتضى ذاته وينفى مقتضى ما يقابله. فإذا كان الحق ظاهرا من حيث إنه باطن، وباطنا منحيث إنه ظاهر، فقد جمع بينهما من وجه واحد. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, when the name 'the Manifest' says: 'I,' manifesting its selfhood and wishing for its realization, the name 'the Nonmanifest' negates it, for the contrary negates its contrary. And when 'the Nonmanifest' says: 'I,' manifesting its reality and affirming its truth, 'the Manifest' negates it. And likewise the matter holds for each of the two contraries: each affirms what its own essence requires and negates what its opposite requires. So since the Real is manifest insofar as He is nonmanifest, and nonmanifest insofar as He is manifest, He has thereby combined the two from a single respect. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿فيقول الباطن لا إذا قال الظاهر أنا، و يقول الظاهر لا إذا قال الباطن أنا. و هذا في كل ضد، و المتكلم واحد و هو عين السامع. يقول النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم: «و ما حدثت به أنفسها» فهي المحدثة السامعة حديثها، العالمة بما حدثت به أنفسها ، و العين واحدة و اختلفت الأحكام. و لا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا فإنه يعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه و هو صورة الحق. فاختلطت الأمور و ظهرت الأعداد بالواحد في المراتب المعلومة. فأوجد الواحد العدد، و فصل العدد الواحد. … فيقول الباطن لا إذا قال : الظاهر أنا ويقول : الظاهر لا إذا قال : الباطن أنا وهذا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الحكم جار

judgment runs

Bālī Zāde

﴿فيقول الباطن لا إذا قال الظاهر أنا ويقول الظاهر لا إذا قال الباطن أنا﴾

يعني إذا قال الواحد المتكلم وهو الله تعالى هو الظاهر قال ذلك المتكلم لا من جهة بطونه. وإذا قال ذلك المتكلم هو الباطن قال هو لا من جهة ظهوره , فقد حكم المتكلم على نفسه بالأضداد بالجمع بينهما بقوله :" هو الأول والأخر والظاهر والباطن وهو بكل شيء عليم"

meaning: when the one speaker - who is God Most High - says 'He is the Manifest,' that speaker says that not from the standpoint of His nonmanifestation. And when that speaker says 'He is the Nonmanifest,' he says it not from the standpoint of His manifestation. So the speaker has characterized Himself by the opposites, combining between them, by His saying: 'He is the First and the Last, and the Manifest and the Nonmanifest, and He has knowledge of all things.'

Words 77–95 · 1 of 6

إِذَا قَالَ البَاطِنُ أَنَا

Only al-Jandī comments here.

al-Jandī

﴿إذا قال الباطن : « أنا » . وهذا في كلّ ضدّ ، والمتكلَّم واحد وهو عين السامع . يقول النبيّ صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم :﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وما حدّثت به أنفسها " . يعني رضي الله عنه : في مغفرة الله لأمّة محمد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم ذنوبهم الظاهرة من الجوارح الجسمانية ، والباطنة الكائنة من القوى الباطنة ، وما حدّثت به أي تفعله من الذنوب وإن لم تفعل . " فهي المحدّثة السامعة حديثها ، العاملة بما حدّثت به نفسها ، والعين واحدة ، و إن اختلفت الأحكام ، ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا ، فإنّه يعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه . يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّها المحدّثة نفسها . قال : « وهو صورة الحق » يعني كلّ إنسان إنسان بهذه المثابة ، فكذلك في الجانب الإلهي ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

'...and [forgiven for them is] what their souls narrated to themselves.' He (may God be pleased with him) means: regarding God's forgiveness of the community of Muḥammad (God bless him and grant him peace) for their sins, both the manifest ones arising from the bodily members and the nonmanifest ones arising from the inner faculties, and "what they narrated to themselves," that is, what they would do of sins even if they did not do it. So the soul is the one who narrates, who hears its own narration, and who acts upon what it narrated to itself; and the entity is one, even though the judgments differ, and there is no way to be ignorant of such a thing, for every person knows it of himself. He (may God be pleased with him) means that it [the soul] narrates to itself. He said: "And it [man] is the form of the Real," meaning that every human being is human in this very respect; and likewise it is so on the Divine side. So understand. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

Words 80–85 · 1 of 6

أَنَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وهذا الحكم في كل ضد و﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الحال إن (المتكلم) بهذا الكلام

the case is that (the speaker), with this speech,

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.