Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ قُدُّوسِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِدْرِيسِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶7 in the text

7 · 83 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَهَذَا فِي كُلِّ ضِدٍّ وَالمُتَكَلِّمُ وَاحِدٌ وَهُوَ عَيْنُ السَّامِعِ يَقُولُ النَّبِيُّ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلم وَمَا حَدَّثَتْ بِهِ أَنْفُسَهَا فَهِيَ المُحَدِّثَةُ السَّامِعَةُ حَدِيثَهَا العَالِمَةُ بِمَا حَدَثَتْ بِهِ نَفْسَهَا وَالعَيْنُ وَاحِدَةٌ وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الأَحْكَامُ وَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى جَهْلِ مِثْلِ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُهُ كُلُّ إِنسَانٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَهُوَ صُورَةُ الحَقِّ فَاخْتَلَطَتِ الأُمُورُ وَظَهَرَتِ الأَعْدَادُ بِالْواحِدِ فِي المَرَاتِبِ المَعْلُومَةِ فَأَوْجَدَ الوَاحِدُ العَدَدَ وَفَصَّلَ العَدَدُ الوَاحِدَ وَمَا ظَهَرَ حُكْمُ العَدَدِ إِلَّا بِالمَعْدُودِ وَالمَعْدُودُ مِنهُ عَدَمٌ وَمِنْهُ وُجُودٌ فَقَدْ يُعْدَمُ الشَّيْءُ مِنْ حَيْثُ الحِسُّ وَهُوَ مَوْجُودٌ مِنْ حَيْثُ العَقْلُ

And this [holds] in every opposite, while the speaker is one, and He is the very self of the hearer. The Prophet (God bless him and grant him peace) says: "and what they have told their selves" [hadith]. So it [the soul] is the one who speaks, the one who hears its own speech, and the one who knows what it has told itself. The entity is one, while the rulings differ. There is no way to be ignorant of something like this, for every human being knows it from himself, and he is the form of the Real. So matters became intermingled, and the numbers became manifest through the one in the known ranks. Thus the one brought number into existence, and number laid out the one in detail; and the property of number became manifest only through the counted. Some of the counted is nonexistence and some of it is existence, for a thing may be nonexistent with respect to the senses while being existent with respect to the intellect.

Words 2–4 · 1 of 7

فِي كُلِّ ضِدٍّ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في كل ضد﴾

فإنه يثبت مقتضى ذاته وبنفي مقتضى ما يقابله و ذلك لا ينافي ما سبق من أنه يجمع بين الضدين من جهة واحدة . فإن الحقيقة الواحدة يجمع بين الضدين من جهة واحدة لا من جهتين وإلا نقلنا الكلام إلى الجهتين حتى ينتهي إلى جهة واحدة . وأما إذا تقيدت بأحد الضدين فلا يجامع مع تقيده به الضد الآخر

for it affirms what its own essence requires and negates what is required by its counterpart. That does not contradict what preceded, namely that it combines the two opposites from one single respect. For the one reality combines the two opposites from one respect, not from two respects - otherwise we would transfer the discourse to the two respects until it ended in a single respect. As for when it becomes delimited by one of the two opposites, then the other opposite cannot coexist with its being so delimited

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والمتكلم واحد وهو عين السامع﴾

أي، والحال أن المتكلم في هذين الإسمين واحد بحكم أحدية العين، وهو الحق، والسامع أيضا عينه لا غيره، كما(يقول النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم

That is, and the fact is that the speaker in these two names is one, by virtue of the oneness of the entity (aḥadiyyat al-ʿayn), and he is the Real; and the hearer, too, is identical with him, not other than him—just as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, says:

Ibn Turka

﴿والمتكلَّم واحد ، وهو عين السامع . يقول النبي صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم: « وما حدثت به أنفسها »فهي المحدّثة السامعة حديثها ، العالمة بما حدّثت به نفسها والعين واحدة﴾

- يعني الشخص - ( وإن اختلفت الأحكام ) وهي الحديث والسماع والعلم والمحدّث والسامع والعالم

that speaks and that hears its own speech, knowing what it has spoken to itself, the entity being one] – that is, the person – (even though the judgments differ) namely speech, hearing, knowledge, the speaker, the hearer, and the knower

Jāmī

﴿والمتكلم واحد﴾

أي يقول : كل من الاسمين ما يقول والحال أن المتكلم فيهما واحد بحكم أحدية العين (وهو) ، أي المتكلم

i.e., each of the two names says what it says, while in reality the speaker in both of them is one, by virtue of the oneness of the entity. (And he is), i.e., the speaker

Bālī Zāde

﴿واحد وهو … عين السامع﴾

إذ لا غير في هذه الجمعية. فالسامع والمتكلم واحد وأورد على إثبات هذا المعنى قول الرسول عليه السلام ليسهل فهمه على الطالبين بقوله: (يقول النبي عليه السلام وما حدثت به أنفسها) الحديث قال: (إن الله تجاوز عن أمتي ما حدثت به أنفسها ما لم يتكلم أو يعمل به). .«إن الله تجاوز عن أمتي ما حدثت به أنفسها، ما لم تعمل أو تتكلم» رواه البخاري أي النفس (المحدثة) أي تتكلم وتخبر

since there is no other in this all-comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya). So the hearer and the speaker are one. He adduced, in support of establishing this meaning, the saying of the Messenger, peace be upon him, so as to make it easier for seekers to understand, namely his words: (The Prophet, peace be upon him, says: 'and what their souls speak within themselves') — the ḥadīth states: 'Indeed God has overlooked for my community what their souls speak within themselves, so long as they have not spoken it or acted upon it.' [Variant:] 'Indeed God has overlooked for my community what their souls speak within themselves, so long as they have not acted upon it or spoken it' — related by al-Bukhārī — that is, the soul that 'speaks within itself' (muḥaddatha), meaning it talks and reports to itself

Jāmī

﴿عين السامع كما يقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في بيان مغفرته تعالی لذنوب أمته ما صدرت عن جوارحه

in explaining His Almighty forgiveness of the sins of his community that did not proceed from their bodily organs

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما حدثت به أنفسها﴾

) بضم السين على أنه فاعل (حدثت). وهو إشارة إلى ما ثبت في الصحيح أن رسول الله، صلى اللهعليه وسلم، قال: (إن الله تجاوز عن أمتي ما حدثت به أنفسها ما لم تتكلم أوتعمل.) قال رضي الله عنه

with the 's' [in 'ḥaddathat'] vocalized with ḍamma, making it the agent of 'ḥaddathat' ('spoke'). This alludes to what is established in the authentic hadith that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: 'Indeed God has overlooked, for my community, that which their souls speak within them, so long as they do not speak it or act upon it.' He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿وما حدثت به أنفسها فهي﴾

أي الأنفس (المحدثة) وهي

i.e., the souls (the one spoken-to), and it is

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فهي المحدثة السامعة حديثها العالمة بما حدثت به نفسها، والعين واحدة وإناختلفت الأحكام. ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا، فإنه يعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، فالأنفس هي المحدثة وهي السامعة لحديثها وهي العالمة بما حدثت به،لا غيرها، فالعين واحدة وإن اختلفت الأحكام الصادرة منها بحسب قواها منالنطق والسمع والعلم. فكذلك المتكلم بلسان الباطن والظاهر وكل من الأسماءالمتقابلة واحد. يعلم ذلك ذوقا كل إنسان من نفسه. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, the souls (al-anfus) are the ones that speak, and they are the ones that hear their own speech, and they are the ones that know what they have spoken—not anything other than them. So the entity is one, even though the judgments proceeding from it differ according to its faculties of speech, hearing, and knowledge. Likewise, the speaker by the tongue of the nonmanifest and the manifest, and each of the opposed names, is one. Every human being knows this experientially (dhawqan) from himself. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Tilimsānī

﴿، فهي المحدثة السامعة حديثها، العالمة﴾

بما حدثت به أنفسها ، والعين واحدة واختلفت الأحكام. ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا فإنه يعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه وهو صورة الحق، فاختلطت الأمور وظهرت الأعداد بالواحد في المراتب المعلومة . فأوجد الواحد العدد، وفصل العدد الواحد، وما ظهر حكم العدد إلا بالمعدود، والمعدود منه عدم ومنه وجود، فقد يعدم الشيء من حيث الحس وهو موجود من حيث العقل، فلا بد من عدد و معدود، ولا بد من واحد ينشئ ذلك العدد فينشأ بسببه. فإن كل مرتبة من العدد حقيقة واحدة كالتسعة مثلا والعشرة إلى أدنى وإلى أكثر إلى غير نهاية، ما هي مجموع، ولا ينفك عنها اسم جمع الآحاد. فإن الاثنين حقيقة واحدة والثلاثة حقيقة واحدة، بالغة ما بلغت هذه المراتب، وإن كانت واحدة، فما عين واحدة منهن عين ما بقى. فالجمع بأخذها فنقول

- so it is the contingent thing that hears its own speech, knowing what their souls whispered to themselves. The entity (ʿayn) is one, yet the judgments differ. There is no way to be ignorant of something like this, for every human being knows it of himself, and he is the form of the Real. Thus matters became intermixed, and numbers appeared through the One in known ranks/degrees. The One brought number into existence, and number differentiates the One; yet the reality of number only appears through the thing counted (al-maʿdūd), and the thing counted sometimes is nonexistent and sometimes existent - for a thing may be nonexistent from the standpoint of sense-perception while being existent from the standpoint of intellect. So there must be number and a thing counted, and there must be a One that generates that number, so that it arises by means of it. For every rank of number is a single reality, such as nine, for example, or ten, down to the lowest and up to the greatest without end; they are not [mere] aggregates, and the name "collection of units" never leaves them. For two is a single reality and three is a single reality, however far these ranks extend; and though each is one [reality], no single one of them is identical with what remains [of the others]. So the collection/plurality comes from taking them [as a whole], and we say

Jāmī

﴿السامعة حديثها … العالمة بما حدثت به﴾

وقوله (أنفسها من) وضع المظهر موضع المضمر وضميرها للأمة . (والعين واحدة وإن اختلفت الأحكام) الصادرة منها من الحديث والسماع والعلم

and his saying (to itself) involves (putting the manifest form in place of the pronoun), the pronoun referring to the community. (And the entity is one, though the judgments) issuing from it - of speaking, hearing, and knowing - (differ)

Bālī Zāde

﴿السامعة حديثها … العالمة بما حدثت به نفسها و﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الحال إن (العين واحدة وان اختلفت الأحكام) عليه

the state is such that (the entity is one) even though the determinations (aḥkām) differ with respect to it

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا﴾

فإنّه من الوجدانيّات الضروريّة التي يجد كل أحد من نفسه ، لا يتفاوت فيه الغبيّ من الذكيّ

for it belongs to the necessary intuitive matters which every person finds within himself, in which the dull and the intelligent do not differ

Jāmī

﴿ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا﴾

الذي ذكرناه من وحدة النفس وكثرة أساميه لاختلاف أوصافه وأحكامه

which we have mentioned, namely the oneness of the soul and the multiplicity of its names due to the difference of its attributes and judgments

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا سبيل إلى جهل مثل هذا فإنه … يعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه﴾

بسبب مراجعته إلى وجدانه فإذا ثبت هذا الحكم في الإنسان (وهو) والحال أن الإنسان

by reason of his referring back to his own inner awareness (wijdān). So once this ruling is established in the human being (while) the human being is in fact

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّه يعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه ، وهو صورة الحقّ﴾

- كما سبق تحقيقه - . تمثيل الوجود ومراتبه بالواحد ومراتب الأعداد قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

– as has already been established. An analogy: existence and its levels compared to the one and the levels of numbers. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فإنه بعلمه كل إنسان من نفسه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إذا راجع وجدانه . (وهو) ، أي الإنسان الذي يعلم ذلك

if he examines his own inner awareness. (And he is), i.e., the human being who knows that

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو صورة الحق﴾

أي، والإنسان الذي يعلم هذا من نفسه هو صورة الحق. وهو السامع والمتكلم حديث نفسه، فيلزم أن يكون الحق الذي هوعلى صورته . كذلك، كما قال، عليه السلام: (إن الله خلق آدم على صورته) قال رضي الله عنه

That is, the human being who knows this from himself is the form of the Real. He is the one who hears and speaks his own soul's speech, so it necessarily follows that the Real, whose form he is, is likewise so—as he, peace be upon him, said: 'Indeed God created Adam upon His form.' He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿صورة الحق﴾

تعالى كما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إن الله خلق آدم على صورته ). رواه مسلم وابن حبان وأحمد ابن حنبل وأبو داود والبزار . "وفي حديث ابن حاتم، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «إذا قاتل أحدكم أخاه، فليجتنب الوجه، فإن الله خلق آدم على صورته» صحيح مسلم

Exalted is He, as the Prophet, God bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Indeed God created Adam upon His form,' narrated by Muslim, Ibn Ḥibbān, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Abū Dāwūd, and al-Bazzār. And in the ḥadīth of Ibn Ḥātim, from the Prophet, God bless him and grant him peace, he said: 'When one of you strikes his brother, let him avoid the face, for God created Adam upon His form' - [this is in] Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim

Bālī Zāde

﴿صورة الحق﴾

ثبت في الحق وهو استدلال من الأثر إلى المؤثر. ولزيادة تفصيل هذا المعنى وإيضاحه أورد العدد فقال

it is established in the Real — and this is an inference from the trace (athar) to the Agent of the trace (muʾaththir). And in order to further elaborate and clarify this meaning, he introduced number, saying

al-Qāshānī

﴿فاختلطت الأمور وظهرت الأعداد بالواحد في المراتب المعلومة ، فأوجد الواحد العدد وفصل العدد الواحد ، وما ظهر حكم العدد إلا بالمعدود﴾

سبب اختلاط الأمور واشتباهها تكثر العين الواحدة بالتعينات والمراتب ، إذ لا شيء في الوجود إلا تلك العين الواحدة المتكررة بالتعينات المختلفة . ألا ترى أن الواحد في أول مرتبة واحد ، وفي الثانية عشرة وفي الثالثة مائة ، وفي الرابعة ألف ، وكل واحدة من هذه المراتب كلية يحتوي على بسائط الآحاد والعقود . كالأنواع المحتوية على الأشخاص ، والأجناس المحتوية على الأنواع ، فإن الواحد في المرتبة الأولى إذا تجلى في صورة أخرى يسمى اثنين ، وليس إلا واحدا وواحدا جمعا والواحد ليس بعدد والهيئة الاجتماعية واحدة . والمجموع المسمى اثنين عدد واحد ، فالصورة واحدة والمادة واحدة والمجموع واحد تجلى في صورة كثرة ، فأنشأ الواحد العدد بتجليه في صورتين ، وكذا الثلاثة واحد وواحد وواحد وحكمها في الواحدية حكم الاثنين . وهكذا إلى التسعة التي هي بسائط الواحد وتعيناتها في المرتبة الأولى ، فإذا تجلى في المرتبة الثانية يسمى عشرة وليس إلا الواحد صورة ومادة ومجموعا . فالواحد هو المسمى بجميع مراتب العدد وأسمائه ، وصور المراتب تجلياته فهو الإنسان من حيث أنه عدد واحد وثانى اثنين وثالث ثلاثة ورابع أربعة . وكذلك في التفسير لقوله تعالى :" ما يَكُونُ من نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ ولا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سادِسُهُمْ ولا أَدْنى من ذلِكَ ولا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ ". فالواحد منشئ العدد والعدد مفصل الواحد ، وإذا فصلت العدد عند التحليل والتحقيق لم تجد إلا الواحد المتجلى في صورة تعيناته ومراتب تجلياته . ولما كان العدد نسبة متعينة تعرض الواحد في تعيناته وتجلياته ، لم يتعين إلا بالمعدود وهو الواحد الحقيقي الذي لا حقيقة إلا له ، وبه تحقق التعدد والتعين والتجلي ، واللاتعدد واللاتعين واللاتجلى . فإن تجلى في صورة أحديته الذاتية « كان الله ولم يكن معه شيء » وبطنت فيه الأعداد الغير المتناهية بطون النصفية والثلثية والربعية وسائر النسب الغير المتناهية في الواحد ، فإنها لا تظهر إلا بالعدد مع كونها متمايزة فيه . وإن تجلى في صورة تعيناته ومراتب تجلياته أظهر الأعداد وأنشأ الأزواج والأفراد ، وتلك مراتب تنزلاته وليس في الوجود إلا هو. قال رضي الله عنه

The cause of the intermixture and ambiguity of matters is the multiplication of the single entity (al-ʿayn al-wāḥida) through entifications (taʿayyunāt) and ranks, since there is nothing in existence except that one single entity repeated through different entifications. Do you not see that the One in the first rank is "one," in the second "ten," in the third "hundred," and in the fourth "thousand," and each one of these ranks is a universal containing the simple units and tens — like species containing individuals, and genera containing species? For the One in the first rank, when it discloses itself (tajallā) in another form, is called "two," yet it is nothing but one-and-one taken together, and the One is not a number, while the collective configuration is one. The sum called "two" is one number; the form is one, the matter is one, and the sum is one, disclosed in a form of multiplicity. Thus the One brought forth number by its self-disclosure in two forms, and likewise "three" is one-and-one-and-one, its ruling in unity being the same as that of "two" — and so on up to nine, which are the simple units and entifications of the One in the first rank. When it discloses itself in the second rank it is called "ten," yet it is nothing but the One as form, matter, and sum together. So the One is that which is named by all the ranks of number and their names, and the forms of the ranks are its self-disclosures. Thus it is the human being (al-insān) insofar as he is "number one," "second of two," "third of three," "fourth of four." Likewise in the exegesis of His saying, Most High: "There is no secret conference of three, except that He is their fourth, nor of five, except that He is their sixth, nor fewer than that nor more, except that He is with them." So the One originates number, and number differentiates the One; and if you analyze number upon examination and verification, you will find nothing but the One disclosed in the form of its entifications and the ranks of its self-disclosures. Since number is a determined relation (nisba) that occurs to the One in its entifications and self-disclosures, it is not entified except through the counted thing, which is the true One (al-wāḥid al-ḥaqīqī) that alone has reality, and through which multiplicity, entification, and self-disclosure are realized, as well as non-multiplicity, non-entification, and non-disclosure. For if it discloses itself in the form of its essential oneness (aḥadiyya dhātiyya), then "God was, and nothing was with Him," and within it the infinite numbers lie hidden (baṭana) — the hiddenness of halving, thirding, quartering, and all the other infinite relations within the One, for they do not appear except through number, even while being distinguished within it. And if it discloses itself in the form of its entifications and the ranks of its self-disclosures, it manifests numbers and brings forth pairs and odd ones — and those are the ranks of its descents (tanazzulāt), and there is nothing in existence but He. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿فاختلطت الأمور ، وظهرت الأعداد بالواحد في المراتب المعلومة . فأوجد الواحد العدد . وفصّل العدد الواحد ، وما ظهر حكم العدد إلَّا بالمعدود ، والمعدود ، منه عدم ، ومنه وجود ، فقد يعدم الشيء من حيث الحسّ وهو موجود من حيث العقل ، فلا بدّ من عدد ومن معدود ، ومن واحد ينشئ ذلك ، فينشأ بسببه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : لمّا كانت العين الواحدة التي لا عين إلَّا هي كثيرة التعيّنات ، فتنوّعت ظهوراتها ، وتعدّدت إنّيّاتها ، فكانت واحدة كثيرة ، وحدة في عين كثرة وكثرة في عين وحدة ، فكانت عين الأضداد في الأعداد ، فاختلطت الأمور ، وأشكل على الفكر الوقوف على سرّ ذلك والعثور ، وحار الجمهور ، وخار العقول ، وعسر الوصول ، وتعذّر عليها الاطمينان إلى ذلك والقبول ، وذلك لسريان العين الواحدة الموجودة ، في مراتبها ومرائيها المشهودة ، إذ لا عين على الحقيقة إلَّا حقيقة واحدة هي ذات الحق ، والمراتب نسب تجليّاتها ، وهي التي غمرتها بنورها ، وعمرتها بتجلَّيه وظهورها . وتسمّى بالواحد في أوّل مراتب تعيّنه ، وبالعشرة في المرتبة الثانية ، وبالمائة في الثالثة ، وبالألف في الرابعة ، وكلّ حقيقة من هذه الحقائق المرتبية العددية كلَّية تحتوي على بسائط الواحد وهي تسعة ، فمن الواحد من كونه متعيّنا في أوّل مراتب تعيّنه إلى العشرة بسائط الواحد ، من كونه خارجا عن العدد ، ومنشئا لحقائق عقودها ، بمعنى أنّ الواحد عين الاثنين وغيرها . وتسمّى في ثاني مرتبة الواحد اثنين وهو واحد وواحد جمعا ، و « الاثنان » اسم الهيئة الاجتماعية ، وهي في مرتبتها حقيقة واحدة ، و « الثلاثة » أيضا كذلك واحد وواحد وواحد وهي تعيّن الواحد الذي هو هو في الكلّ . و تسمّى ثلاثة في ثالث مرتبة ظهوره وتعيّنه ، وهي حقيقة واحدة وإن كانت هيئة اجتماعية من آحاد . فالواحد من كونه داخلا في مراتب العدد مسمّى بجميع أسماء الأعداد بالغا ما بلغت : اثنان وثاني اثنين ، وثلاثة وثالث الثلاثة ، وأربعة ورابع الأربعة ، وأيّ جزو فرضت من أيّ عدد كان . ومن كونه خارج الأعداد وليس منها بل هو مبدؤها ومبدئها وموجدها ومنشئها " ما يَكُونُ من نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ وَلا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سادِسُهُمْ وَلا أَدْنى من ذلِكَ وَلا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ " . وما ثمّ إلَّا عين واحدة تجلَّى في ثاني مراتبها ، فسمّي من حيث التعيّن والتجلَّي اثنين ، وهكذا إلى ما لا يتناهى ، فما ثمّ إلَّا واحد يفصّل في المراتب تجلَّيه وتعيّنه وتدلَّيه . ولا تحقّق للعدد إلَّا بالمعدود ، لأنّه نسبة تعيّنية ، فلا وجود لها إلَّا بالمتعيّن المعدود وهو الواحد الذي لا حقيقة إلَّا له ، ولا تحقّق للتعيّن والتعدّد والتجلَّي واللاتعيّن واللاتعدّد واللاتجلَّي إلَّا به ، فافهم إن كنت تفهم ، والله ما أظنّك تفهم إلَّا أن يشاء الله ربّنا ، وسع ربّنا كلّ شيء علما ورحمة وجودا وحكما . فإن تجلَّى في أحديته الغيبية العينية الذاتية ، بطنت فيه الأعداد غير المتناهية كبطون النصفية والثلثية والربعية وغيره من النسب العددية إلى ما لا يتناهى ، كان الله ولا شيء معه ، فإنّ هذه النسب غير المتناهية في الواحد غير متمايزة ولا وجود لها إلَّا بالمتعدّد والمعدود الذي كانت فيه أحدية مستهلكة الأعيان . وإن تجلَّى في مراتب تعيّنه وتعدّده ، أظهر الأعداد وأوجد الآحاد وأنشأ الأزواج والأفراد ، وذلك بالتنزّل والتجلَّي والتعيّن والتدلَّي ، وما ثمّ إلَّا هو ، فهذا سرّ إنشاء الواحد العدد ، وتفصيل العدد الواحد الأحد . قال رضي الله عنه

The servant [i.e., the author] said: Since the one entity (al-ʿayn al-wāḥida) - than which there is no [other] entity - was many in its entifications (taʿayyunāt), its manifestations became diversified and its individual existences (inniyyāt) multiplied; so it was one yet many, a oneness within the very essence of multiplicity and a multiplicity within the very essence of oneness. Thus it became the very essence (ʿayn) of opposites within numbers. So matters became intermixed, and it became difficult for reflection (fikr) to attain and discover the secret of that; the multitude grew bewildered, the intellects grew weak, arrival became difficult, and it became impossible for them to attain tranquility and acceptance toward that. That is because of the pervasion of the one existent entity throughout its degrees (marātib) and its witnessed loci of manifestation (marāʾī), since in reality there is no entity except one single reality, which is the Essence of the Real (dhāt al-Ḥaqq), while the degrees are the relations (nisab) of His self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) - degrees which that reality has flooded with its light and filled with its self-disclosure and manifestation. It is named 'the One' (al-wāḥid) in the first degree of its entification, 'the ten' in the second degree, 'the hundred' in the third, and 'the thousand' in the fourth. Each reality among these ranked numerical realities is a universal (kulliyya) containing the simple units (basāʾiṭ) of the One, which are nine. So from the One - in its being entified in the first degree of its entification - up to the ten are the simple units of the One, insofar as it is outside of number and is the originator of the realities of its numerical sets (ʿuqūd), in the sense that the One is the very essence of the two and of other numbers. It is named, in the second degree, 'two' (ithnān), which is one-and-one combined (jamʿan); 'two' is the name of the collective configuration (al-hayʾa al-ijtimāʿiyya), which in its degree is a single reality. Likewise 'three' is one and one and one, and it is the entification of the One which is itself present in the whole. It is named 'three' in the third degree of its manifestation and entification, and it is a single reality even though it is a collective configuration composed of units. So the One, insofar as it enters into the degrees of number, is named by all the names of numbers however far they extend: two and the second of two, three and the third of three, four and the fourth of four, and whatever part is posited of whatever number. And insofar as it is outside the numbers and is not one of them, but rather is their principle (mabdaʾ), their origin, their bringer-into-existence (mūjid), and their originator (munshiʾ): 'There is no secret conversation among three but that He is their fourth, nor among five but that He is their sixth, nor fewer than that nor more but that He is with them' [Q. 58:7]. There is nothing but one single entity that disclosed itself in the second of its degrees, so from the standpoint of entification and self-disclosure it was named 'two' - and so on without end. There is nothing but the One, which differentiates its self-disclosure, its entification, and its descent (tadallī) within the degrees. Number has no realization (taḥaqquq) except through the numbered, because it is an entificational relation (nisba taʿayyuniyya), so it has no existence except through the entified numbered thing, which is the One than which there is no other reality. Nor is there any realization of entification, multiplicity, self-disclosure, non-entification, non-multiplicity, and non-self-disclosure except through it. So understand, if you are able to understand - and by God, I do not think you will understand unless our Lord God so wills. Our Lord's knowledge, mercy, existence-giving, and governance encompass all things. So if it discloses itself in its unseen, essential, unitary oneness (al-aḥadiyya al-ghaybiyya al-ʿayniyya al-dhātiyya), the unlimited numbers become latent (baṭanat) within it, like the latency of the half, the third, the quarter, and other numerical relations without end - 'God was, and nothing was with Him' - for these unlimited relations within the One are undifferentiated and have no existence except through the multiple and numbered things, within which there was a oneness in which the entities (aʿyān) were absorbed/annihilated (mustahlaka). And if it discloses itself in the degrees of its entification and multiplicity, it manifests the numbers, brings the units into existence, and originates the pairs and the odd numbers - and that is through descent (tanazzul), self-disclosure, entification, and descent (tadallī). And there is nothing but He. This, then, is the secret of the One's origination of number, and of number's differentiation of the One, the Unique (al-wāḥid al-aḥad). He (may God be pleased with him) said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فاختلطت الأمور وظهرت الأعداد بالواحد في المراتب المعلومة كلها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، فاختلطت الأمور، واشتبهت بالتكثر الواقع فيها على المحجوب الغير المنفتح عين بصيرته، وإن كانت ظاهرة راجعة إلى الواحد الحقيقي عند من رفعت الأستار عن عينه وانكشف الحق إليه بعينه. والاختلاط بالتجليات المختلفة صار سببا لوجود الكثرة ، كما ظهرت الأعداد بظهور الواحد في المراتب المعلومة. ولما كان ظهور الواحد في المراتب المتعددة مثالا تاما لظهور الحق في مظاهره، جعل هذا الكلام توطئة، وشرع في تقرير العدد وظهور الواحد فيه، ليستدل المحجوب به على الكثرة الواقعة في الوجود المطلق مع عدم خروجه عن كونه واحدا حقيقا. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, the matters became intermixed and confused through the multiplicity occurring within them for the veiled one whose eye of insight has not been opened, even though [these matters] are, in manifest fact, returning to the true One for one from whose eye the veils have been lifted and to whom the Real has become disclosed by His [own] eye. And the intermixture with the diverse self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) became the cause for the existence of multiplicity, just as the numbers appeared through the appearance of the One in the known levels. And since the appearance of the One in the multiple levels is a complete exemplar for the appearance of the Real in His manifestations (maẓāhir), he made this discourse a preliminary, and began to establish [the subject of] number and the appearance of the One within it, so that the veiled one might infer from it the multiplicity occurring in absolute existence, without [that existence] departing from being truly One. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فاختلطت الأمور﴾

أي الأحكام الكونيّة العدميّة والحقيقيّة العينيّة الوجوديّة ، والتبس الحقّ الواحد في المراتب التي ليس لها وجود في العين ، بل إنّما هي أمور اعتباريّة يتصوّرها العقل بأحكامها وآثارها الخصيصة بكلّ منها . ثمّ إنّ هذه الأحكام لمّا كانت من آثار تلك المراتب المعدومة بالذات ، لا بدّ وأن تكون أنزل منها وأخفى في مكامن العدم بالنسبة إليها : لكن لمّا التبس الحقّ بها فاختفى فيها بنفسها ، وتصوّر بصورها وظهر بظهورها : انتسب الوجود في العين إليها ، فصارت الموجود في العين تلك الأحكام - لا غير - كما قيل : إن قيل لك الكون عليه عرض %~% حقّق نظرا فيه ، ترى الجوهر هو وإذ كان هذه المسئلة من أغمض المسائل عند أكثر المسترشدين - ممّن عوّدوا مداركهم بالاستفاضة عن الأنظار القياسيّة ، والمقدّمات المأنوسة لهم في أوائل أحوالهم - صوّر لهم تلك المسئلة في صورة عدديّة ، فإنّ العدد بما عليه من الصور المدركة أوّلا مختزن عويصات الحقائق وغوامض المعارف . فأشار إلى ذلك بقوله

that is, the cosmic, nonexistential judgments and the real, entitative, existential ones; and the One Real became confused with the levels that have no [independent] existence in actuality, but are rather conceptual matters which the intellect conceives together with their judgments and effects specific to each. Then, since these judgments are among the effects of those levels which are nonexistent in themselves, they must necessarily be lower than them and more hidden in the recesses of nonexistence relative to them. But when the Real became intermixed with them, concealing Himself within them by His very Self, taking on form through their forms, and becoming manifest through their manifestation, existence in actuality came to be attributed to them, so that the existent in actuality became [identified with] those judgments alone – as it was said: "If it is said to you, 'Existence is an accident upon it,' verify by reflecting upon it: you will see that the substance is it [itself]." And since this question is among the most obscure questions for most seekers of guidance – those who have accustomed their perceptions to drawing conclusions from syllogistic reasonings and premises familiar to them in the early stages of their states – he depicted this question for them in numerical form, for number, by virtue of the forms perceived in it first, is a repository of the most intricate realities and the most obscure forms of knowledge. He alluded to this by his saying

Jāmī

﴿فاختلطت الأمور﴾

المتكررة في عين واحدة واجتمعت فيه (و) ظهرت الكثرة الأسمائية (كما أظهرت الأعداد بالواحد) ، أي بتكراره

repeated in one single entity and gathered together in it, (and) the multiplicity of Names appeared (just as numbers appeared through the one), i.e., through its repetition

Bālī Zāde

﴿فاختلطت الأمور﴾

بعضها مع بعض

one with another

Ibn Turka

﴿وظهرت الأعداد بالواحد في المراتب المعلومة﴾

ظهور الأكوان وأحكامها بالحقّ في مراتب الوجود التي هي اعتبارات عقليّة ، وذلك لأنّ العدد أيضا له مراتب كليّة تنطوي على أحكام مشخّصة وجزئيّات معيّنة - كالآحاد والعشرات والمآت والألوف - المتمايزة بمجرّد نسبة التقدّم والتأخّر - التي هي محض الاعتبار - المحتوية كل منها على جزئيّات إنّما يظهر الواحد بصورها في العين مفصّلا

just as the manifestation of created things and their judgments occurs through the Real in the levels of existence, which are intellectual considerations. This is because number too has universal levels which comprise specific judgments and determinate particulars – such as units, tens, hundreds, and thousands – distinguished merely by the relation of precedence and succession, which is purely a matter of consideration, each of these levels containing particulars; the One only becomes manifest through their forms in actuality in detailed fashion

Bālī Zāde

﴿وظهرت الأعداد بالواحد﴾

أي بوجود الواحد

that is, through the existence of the One

Jāmī

﴿في المراتب المعلومة﴾

العدد من الآحاد والعشرات والمئات والألوف

of number, from the units, tens, hundreds, and thousands

Bālī Zāde

﴿في المراتب المعلومة فأوجد الواحد العدد﴾

وهو ينظر لإيجاد الحق العالم

and this is analogous to the Real's bringing the world into existence

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فأوجد الواحد العدد وفصل العدد الواحد﴾

أي، أوجد الواحد بتكراره العدد، إذ لو لم يتكرر الواحد، لم يكن حصول العدد. وفصل العدد مراتب الواحد، مثل الاثنين والثلاثة والأربعة وغير ذلك إلى ما لا يتناهى، لأن كل مرتبة من مراتب الآحاد والعشرات والمئات والألوف ليس غير الواحد المتجلى بها، لأن الاثنين، مثلا، ليس إلا واحدا وواحدا اجتمعا بالهيئة الوحدانية، فحصل منها الاثنان، فمادته هو الواحد المتكرر وصورته أيضا واحدة، فليس فيه شئ سوى الواحد المتكرر، فهو مرتبة من مراتبه وكذلك البواقي. فإيجاد الواحد بتكراره العدد، مثال لإيجاد الحق الخلق بظهوره في الصور الكونية. وتفصيل العدد مراتب الواحد، مثال لإظهار الأعيان أحكام الأسماء الإلهية والصفات الربانية، والارتباط بين الواحد والعدد، مثال للارتباط بين الحق والخلق، وكون الواحد نصف الاثنين وثلث الثلاثة وربع الأربعة وغير ذلك، مثال للنسب اللازمة التي هي الصفات للحق. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, the One, through its repetition, brought number into existence, for had the One not been repeated, number would not have come about. And number differentiated the levels of the One, such as two, three, four, and so on without end, for every level among the levels of units, tens, hundreds, and thousands is nothing other than the One manifested therein. For two, for example, is nothing but one and one joined together in a unitary configuration, from which two results; so its matter is the repeated One, and its form is likewise one—so there is nothing in it save the repeated One, it being one of its levels, and likewise for the rest. So the One's bringing number into existence through its repetition is an exemplar for the Real's bringing creation into existence through His appearance in cosmic forms. And number's differentiation of the levels of the One is an exemplar for the entities' (aʿyān) manifesting the rulings of the divine names and lordly attributes. And the relation (nisba) between the One and number is an exemplar for the relation between the Real and creation. And the One's being half of two, a third of three, a fourth of four, and so forth, is an exemplar for the necessary relations (nisab) which are the attributes of the Real. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فأوجد الواحد العدد ، وفصّل العدد الواحد﴾

في مراتبه وجزئيّاتها المندمجة فيها بالقوّة ، وجعلها بالفعل . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

within its levels and the particulars enfolded within them potentially, bringing them into actuality. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فأوجد الواحد … العدد وفصل العدد﴾

بمراتبة (الواحد) يعني أحواله وأحكامه مثل الاثنين والثلاثة والأربعة وغير ذلك إلى ما لا نهاية له لأن كل مرتبة من هذه المراتب لیست غير الواحد المتجلي بها. لأن الاثنين مثلا ليس إلا واحدا و واحدا اجتمعا بالهيئة الوحدانية فحصل الإثنان، فليس فيه سوى الواحد المتكرر فهو مرتبة من مراتبه وإذا تجلى الواحد في مرتبته ظهر بعض أحكامه التي لم تكن ظاهرة في مرتبة وأحديته كالزوجية الأولى مثلا. وكذلك الثلاثة لما تجلى الواحد بها ظهرت بها الفردية الأولى التي لم تكن ظاهرة في مرتبة الواحدية والاثنينية أيضا. وكذا البواقي فمراتب الأعداد كلها تفاصيل الأحوال الواحد وأحكامه المستحسنة قبل ظهوره فيها. أعلم أن الواحد ولله المثل الأعلى مثال العين الواحدة التي هي حقيقة الحق سبحانه وتعالى، والعدد مثال للكثرة الأسمائية الحاصلة من تجلي تلك الحقيقة بصور شؤونها ونسبها الذاتية أو لكثرة الأعيان الثابتة في العلم. والمعدود مثال للحقائق الكونية والمظاهر الخلقية التي لا تظهر أحكام الأسماء ولا أحوال الأعيان الثابتة إلا بها كما أشار إليه على سبيل التمثيل. قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

by its ranks (the one) - meaning its states and its judgments, such as two, three, four, and so on without end, because each of these ranks is nothing other than the one self-disclosing through it. For two, for example, is nothing but one and one, joined together in a unitary configuration, so two results; there is nothing in it except the repeated one, which is a rank among its ranks. And when the one self-discloses in its rank, some of its judgments appear that were not manifest in the rank of its oneness - such as the first duality, for example. Likewise three: when the one self-discloses through it, the first oddness appears through it, which was not manifest in the rank of oneness or of twoness either. And so on for the rest. So the ranks of numbers are all the detailed unfoldings of the states of the one and its judgments that were commendable before its appearance in them. Know that the one - and God's is the loftiest likeness - is an image of the one entity which is the reality of the Real, glory and exaltation be to Him, while number is an image of the multiplicity of Names arising from the self-disclosure of that reality in the forms of its essential affairs and relations, or of the multiplicity of the fixed entities in [divine] knowledge. And the counted thing is an image of the cosmic realities and the created loci of manifestation, through which alone the judgments of the Names and the states of the fixed entities become manifest - as he indicated by way of likeness. The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 59–61 · 1 of 7

وَفَصَّلَ العَدَدُ الوَاحِدَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وفصل العدد الواحد﴾

وهو نظير لتفصيل العالم الحق وأحكامه وأسمائه إذ الواحد أوجد بتكرره العدد والعدد يفصل الواحد في المراتب المعلومة مثل الاثنين والثلاثة . فكانت مراتب العدد كله مراتب الواحد يظهر فيها بتكرره فهو عين واحدة يختلف عليها الأحكام بحسب المراتب فإن صورة الثلاثة مثلا واحدة ومادته وهي تكرار الواحد والكثرة معدومة في الخارج فلا موجود في الخارج إلا عين واحدة

and this is a parallel to the Real's differentiating the world, its determinations, and its names — for the One, by its repetition, brings the number into existence, and the number differentiates the One into the known ranks, such as two and three. Thus all the ranks of number are ranks of the One, appearing in them through its repetition; so it is a single identity (ʿayn wāḥida) upon which determinations differ according to the ranks. For the form of three, for example, is one, and its matter is the repetition of the one, while multiplicity has no existence externally — so nothing exists externally except a single identity

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما ظهر حكم العدد إلا بالمعدود. فالمعدود منه عدم ومنه وجود: فقد يعدم الشئ من حيث الحس وهو موجود من حيث العقل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، العدد لكونه كما منفصلا وعرضا غير قائم بنفسه لا بد أن يقع في معدود ما، سواء كان ذلك المعدوم موجودا في الحس، أو معدوما فيه موجودا في العقل. وظهور العدد بالمعدود مثال لظهور الأعيان الثابتة في العلم بالموجودات، وهي بعضها حسية وبعضها غيبية، كما أن بعض المعدود في الحس وبعضه في العقل. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, number—being, as it were, separate and an accident not subsisting by itself—must occur in some numbered thing, whether that numbered thing be existent to the senses, or nonexistent to the senses yet existent to reason. And the appearance of number through the numbered is an exemplar for the appearance of the fixed entities (aʿyān thābita) in knowledge through existent things, some of which are sensory and some of which pertain to the unseen (ghayb), just as some of the numbered is sensory and some of it is [purely] intelligible. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وما ظهر حكم العدد﴾

الذي يوجد الواحد في العين مفصّل

i.e., that through which the One is found differentiated in the concrete entity (al-ʿayn)

Jāmī

﴿وما ظهر حكم العدد إلا المعدود والمعدود منه عدم ومنه وجود، فقد يعدم الشيء من حيث الحس وهو موجود من حيث العقل. فلا بد من عدد ومعدود، ولا بد من واحد ينشئ ذلك فينشأ بسببه. فإن كل مرتبة من العدد حقيقة واحدة كالتسعة مثلا والعشرة إلى أدنى وإلى أكثر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بقوله رضي الله عنه

, so that it arises by its means. For every rank of number is a single reality, such as nine, for example, and ten, down to the lowest and up to the greatest] by his saying, may God be pleased with him

﴿وما ظهر حكم العدد إلا بالمعدود﴾

فإن العدد لكونه عرضا غير قائم بنفسه لا بد أن يقع في معدود ما. وكذلك الأسماء الإلهية والأعيان الثابتة لكونها مستهلكة تحت قهر الأحدية مغايرة الأحكام متمايزة الآثار إلا بالمظاهر الخارجية سواء كانت المظاهر موجودة في الحس كالأعضاء الظاهرة للنفس الإنسانية. أو معدومة فيه لكنه موجود عند العقل كالقوى الباطنة لها، وإلى هذه القسمة أشار بقوله : قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

For number, being an accident not subsisting in itself, must occur in some numbered thing. Likewise the divine Names and the fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita), being absorbed under the compulsion of oneness (al-aḥadiyya), [their] rulings are differentiated and their effects distinguished only through external loci of manifestation (maẓāhir), whether these loci are existent to the senses, like the manifest organs of the human self, or nonexistent to it but existent to the intellect, like its hidden faculties. To this division he alluded in his saying: the Shaykh said, may God be pleased with him

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما ظهر حكم العدد﴾

و هو تفصيل الواحد

and that is the unfolding (tafṣīl) of the One

Ibn Turka

﴿إلَّا بالمعدود﴾

ظهور الأكوان بالماهيّات وأشخاصه

i.e., the manifestation of engendered existents (akwān) through quiddities and their individual instances

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا بالمعدود﴾

لأنه عرض غير قائم بنفسه يقتضي محلا يقوم به وهو الجوهر

because it is an accident not subsisting by itself, requiring a locus in which to subsist, which is the substance (jawhar)

al-Qāshānī

﴿والمعدود منه عدم ومنه وجود فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي في الخارج ، فإن العدم المطلق الذي لا في العين ولا في الغيب لا شيء محض ولا تعدد فيه . فلذلك بينه بقوله

— that is, in the external (al-khārij), for absolute nonexistence, which is neither in the concrete (al-ʿayn) nor in the unseen (al-ghayb), is pure nothing with no multiplicity in it. Hence he clarified this by his saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿والمعدود منه عدم ، ومنه وجود﴾

يعني وجود المعدود في العين ، لا دخل له في إظهار حكم العدد ، وإلَّا لم يكن الأعدام معدودة ، فعلم أنّ العدد كما يتحقّق نفسه بالواحد وسيره في المراتب ، كذلك أحكامه إنّما تتحقق بالمعدود - سواء كان موجودا في الحسّ أو لا -

that is, the existence of the counted in actuality has no bearing on the manifestation of the judgment of number; otherwise nonexistent things would not be countable. Thus it is known that just as number is itself realized through the One and its progression through the levels, likewise its judgments are only realized through the counted – whether it exists sensibly or not –

Jāmī

﴿والمعدود منه عدم﴾

أي معلوم من حيث الحس

that is, known from the standpoint of sense-perception

Bālī Zāde

﴿والمعدود منه عدم﴾

أي معدوم في الحس (ومنه موجود) فيه

that is, nonexistent with respect to sense-perception (and in one respect existent) within it

Words 71–72 · 1 of 7

وَمِنْهُ وُجُودٌ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ومنه وجود﴾

أي موجود بحسبه

that is, existent according to it

al-Qāshānī

﴿فقد يعدم الشيء من حيث الحس وهو موجود من حيث العقل ، فلا بد من عدد ومعدود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إما في الخارج وإما في العقل

— either in the external or in the intellect.

Ibn Turka

﴿فقد يعدم الشيء من حيث الحسّ وهو موجود من حيث العقل﴾

ومبنى ظهور الأحكام على الوجود العقلي . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

and the manifestation of judgments is founded upon intelligible existence. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فقد بعدم الشيء من حيث الحس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بأن لا تدر كه الحواس الظاهرة

in that the outward senses do not perceive it

Bālī Zāde

﴿لقد يعدم الشيء من حيث الحس وهو موجود من حيث العقل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فلا يقتضي العدد لظهور حكمه إلا المعدود سواء كان موجودة في الحس أو في العقل . فالأعيان وهي الصورة العلمية بمنزلة العدد فما ظهر حكمها إلا بالموجودات الخارجية أو بالموجودات التي لا وجود لها في الخارج

— so number, for its determination to appear, requires nothing but the numbered thing, whether it be existent in sense-perception or in the intellect. Thus the entities (aʿyān), which are the cognitive forms (al-ṣuwar al-ʿilmiyya), stand in the position of number — their determination appears only through external existents or through existents that have no existence externally

Words 79–83 · 1 of 7

وَهُوَ مَوْجُودٌ مِنْ حَيْثُ العَقْلُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وهو موجود من حيث العقل﴾

بأن يدركه العقل بآثاره كالنفس الناطقة وقواها الباطنة . وكان المقصود من هذا التقسيم التنبيه على أن المظهر لا يجب أن يكون محسوس شهادية بل يجوز أن يكون معقولا عيني

in that the intellect perceives it through its effects, like the rational soul and its hidden faculties. The purpose of this division was to draw attention to the fact that the locus of manifestation (maẓhar) need not be sensibly perceived in the visible world, but may rather be intelligible yet concretely real

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

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