Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ مُهَيَّمِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِبْرَاهِيمِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶8 in the text

8 · 75 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَمَا شَاءَ فَمَا هَدَاهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ وَلَا يَشَاءُ وَكَذَٰلِكَ إِن يَشَأْ فَهَلْ يَشَاءُ هَذَا مَا لَا يَكُونُ فَمَشِيئَتُهُ أَحَدِيَّةُ التَّعَلُّقِ وَهِيَ نِسْبَةٌ تَابِعَةٌ لِلْعِلْمِ وَالعِلْمُ نِسْبَةٌ تَابِعَةٌ لِلْمَعْلُومِ وَالمَعْلُومُ أَنتَ وَأَحْوَالُكَ فَلَيْسَ لِلْعِلْمِ أَثَرٌ فِي المَعْلُومِ بَلْ لِلْمَعْلُومِ أَثَرٌ فِي العَالَمِ فَيُعْطِيهِ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَيْنِهِ وَإِنَّمَا وَرَدَ الْخِطَابُ الإِلٰهِيُّ بِحَسَبِ مَا تَوَاطَأَ عَلَيْهِ المُخَاطَبُونَ وَمَا أَعْطَاهُ النَّظَرُ العَقْلِيُّ مَا وَرَدَ الْخِطَابُ عَلَى مَا يُعْطِيهِ الكَشْفُ وَلِذٰلِكَ كَثُرَ المُؤْمِنُونَ وَقَلَّ العَارِفُونَ أَصْحَابُ الكُشُوفِ

So He did not will [it], and so He did not guide them all; nor does He will [it]. Likewise [His words] "If He wills" [Q 6:133]: does He then will? This is something that does not happen. For His will is single in its connection, and it is a relation that follows knowledge; and knowledge is a relation that follows the object known; and the object known is you and your states. So knowledge has no effect upon the object known; rather, the object known has an effect upon the knower, for it gives him from itself what it is in its very self. The divine address has come only in accordance with what those addressed had agreed upon among themselves and what rational consideration yields; the address did not come in accordance with what unveiling yields. That is why the believers are many and the gnostics, the possessors of unveilings, are few.

On the whole passage · 1 of 6

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فمشيئته أحدية التعلق و هي نسبة تابعة للعلم والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم و المعلوم أنت و أحوالك. فليس للعلم أثر في المعلوم، بل للمعلوم أثر في العلم فيعطيه من نفسه ما هو عليه في عينه. و إنما ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب ما تواطأ عليه المخاطبون و ما أعطاه النظر العقلي، ما ورد الخطاب على ما يعطيه الكشف. و لذلك كثر المؤمنون و قل العارفون أصحاب الكشوف. «و ما منا إلا له مقام معلوم»: و هو ما كنت به في ثبوتك ظهرت به في وجودك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فمشيئته أحدية المتعلق) ، لا يتعلق إلا بأحد النقيضين وبين ذلك بقوله

'So His will is one in its attachment' — it attaches only to one of the two contraries. He clarified that by his statement:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فما شاء، فما هداهم أجمعين، ولا يشاء﴾

أي، فما شاء هداية الكل لعدم إعطاء بعض الأعيان الهداية، فما هداهم. ولا يشاء هداية الجميع أبدا. فإن شؤون الحق كما تقتضي الهداية، كذلك تقتضي الضلالة، بل نصف شؤونه يترتب على الضلالة، كما يترتب النصف الآخر على الهداية ولذلك قسم الدار الآخرة بالجنة والنار، وخلق آدم بيديه: وهما الصفات الجمالية التي مظاهرها في الآخرة هي الجنة، والجلالية التي مظهرها فيها النار. فطابق الآخر الأول. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., so He did not will the guidance of all, due to the entities of some not granting guidance, so He did not guide them. And He will never will the guidance of all. For the affairs (shuʾūn) of the Real, just as they require guidance, likewise require error—indeed, half of His affairs are consequent upon error, just as the other half is consequent upon guidance. That is why the Hereafter is divided between Paradise and the Fire, and Adam was created by His two Hands: namely, the Beautiful Attributes (al-ṣifāt al-jamāliyya), whose locus of manifestation in the Hereafter is Paradise, and the Majestic Attributes (al-jalāliyya), whose locus of manifestation there is the Fire. Thus the latter corresponds to the former. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فما شاء﴾

أي من الأزل إلى الآن هداية الجميع

i.e., from eternity until now, the guidance of all

Bālī Zāde

﴿فما شاء … فما هدیهم اجمعين ولا يشاء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ولا تعلق لمشيئته هداية الكل في الماضي والمستقبل . (وكذلك) أي ولو شاء (أن يشاء) يعني إذا علق المشيئة بهداية الكل في الاستقبال بحرف إن (فهل يشاء هداية الكل أم لا)؟ استفهام إنكاري بل ما يشاء هداية الكل بعين ما مر في ولو شاء في السؤال والجواب غابته أن لو شاء ما لم يكن. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (وهذا) أي وإن يشاء

i.e., and His will has no connection to guiding everyone, past or future. (And likewise) i.e., even if He were to will (that He will) - meaning if the will were connected to guiding everyone in the future by the conditional particle 'in' - (would He will the guidance of everyone or not?) This is a rhetorical question of denial; rather, He does not will the guidance of everyone, by the very same reasoning that preceded regarding 'if He willed' in the question and answer, whose conclusion is that if He willed, it would not be. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (and this) i.e., and that He wills

Jāmī

﴿فما هداكم أجمعين ولا يشاء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي من الآن إلى الأبد أيضا هداية الجميع فلا يهديهم أجمعين أبدا. (وكذلك) ، أي مثل قوله : لو شاء. قوله

i.e., from now until forever also the guidance of all — so He will never guide them all. 'Likewise,' i.e., like His statement 'if He had willed,' His statement:

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولا يشاء وكذلك إن يشاء﴾

حال وجودهم في المستقبل "" من حاشية تعليقات بالى أفندي

the state of their existence in the future. "" From the marginal notes of Bālī Efendi:

﴿ولا يشاء﴾

هداية الكل في الماضي والمستقبل . ( وكذلك ) أي مثل لو شاء ( أن يشاء ) أي في الاستقبال ولو شاء في السؤال والجواب غايته أن لو شاء ما لم يكن. أهـ بالى "" قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the guidance of all, in the past and the future. (And likewise), that is, like "had He willed," (that He should will), that is, in the future — and "had He willed," in the question and the answer, amounts only to "had He willed what did not occur." End, Bālī. "" The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا يشاء وكذلك إن يشاء﴾

في زمان الاستقبال

in the future tense

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وكذلك إن يشأ، فهل يشاء؟ فهذا ما لا يكون﴾

). أي، كما قلنا في

i.e., just as we said regarding

﴿إن يشأ﴾

الذي يتعلق بزمان الاستقبال. وقوله

which pertains to future time. And his saying

Jāmī

﴿إن يشأ﴾

المختص بزمان الاستقبال في قوله تعالى : "إن يشأ يذهبكم "وأمثاله في إفادة امتناع أمر لامتناع المشيئة

pertaining to future time, in His statement, exalted be He: 'If He wills, He will take you away' and its like, in conveying the impossibility of a matter due to the impossibility of the will.

﴿إن يشأ﴾

مما أفاد امتناع تعلقها به

attach, in a way that would convey the impossibility of its attaching to it?

al-Qāshānī

﴿فهل يشاء هذا ما لا يكون﴾

لما قلنا أنهم حال وجودهم لا يمكن أن يكونوا إلا على ما هم عليه ، أعيانهم الثابتة في العدم ، فلا يقع الممتنع فلا يشاؤه

because, as we have said, in the state of their existence they cannot be other than what they are, their entities (aʿyān) being fixed in nonexistence; so the impossible does not occur, and so He does not will it.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فهل يشاء؟﴾

استفهام. كأن السائل يسأل بأن الحق يمكن أن يشاء هداية الجميع. فأجاب عنه بأن هذا لا يمكن أن يكون. فإن العليم الحكيم الذي يفعل كل شئ يستحيل أن يشاء وقوع ما لم يمكن وقوعه. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

is an interrogative. As though the questioner asks whether it is possible for the Real to will the guidance of all. So he answered it by saying that this cannot be. For the All-Knowing, All-Wise, who does everything, it is impossible that He should will the occurrence of what cannot occur. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿فهل يشاء ؟﴾

أي فهل يمكن أن تتعلق به المشيّة مطلقا في الماضي أو في الاستقبال ، بخلاف ما عليه الأمر - على سبيل الإنكار -

that is, is it possible that the Will could attach to it absolutely, in the past or in the future, contrary to what the matter actually is — by way of denial —

Jāmī

﴿فهل يشاء﴾

أي هل تتعلق مشيئته المستفادة من قوله

i.e., does His will, derived from His statement,

Ibn Turka

﴿هذا ما لا يكون﴾

( فمشيّته أحديّة التعلَّق ) بالنسبة إلى الأكوان والاحتمالات الواقعة في حيّز الإمكان

(so His Will is singular in attachment) with respect to created things and the possibilities occurring within the scope of contingency

Jāmī

﴿هذا ما لا يكون﴾

أبدا ، لأن مقتضى الأعيان لا تتبدل . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

ever, because what the entities require does not change. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما لا يكون فمشيئته أحدية التعلق﴾

أي مشيئة الله تعالى واحدة متعلقة بالأشياء على حسبة علمه. (وهي) أي المشيئة

i.e., the will of God Most High is one, connected to things according to His knowledge. (And it) i.e., the will

al-Qāshānī

﴿فمشيئته أحدية التعلق﴾

أي لا تتغير عما اقتضاه ذاته " لا تَبْدِيلَ لِكَلِماتِ الله "

that is, it does not change from what His Essence (al-dhāt) requires: "There is no changing the words of God."

al-Jandī

﴿فمشيّته أحدية التعلَّق ، وهي نسبة تابعة للعلم ، والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم ، والمعلوم أنت وأحوالك ، فليس للعلم أثر في المعلوم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : لأنّه ما جعله على ما هو عليه ، بل تعلَّق به بحسبه ، وهذا ظاهر . قال رضي الله عنه

He, may God be pleased with him, means: because He did not make it as it is, but rather attached [His knowledge] to it according to what it is; and this is evident. He, may God be pleased with him, said:]

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فمشيئته أحدية التعلق. وهي نسبة تابعة للعلم، والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم، والمعلوم أنت وأحوالك، فليس للعلم أثر في المعلوم، بل للمعلوم أثر في العالم،فيعطيه من نفسه ما هو عليه في عينه﴾

أي، للحق مشيئة واحدة عامة يتجلى بها،فيأخذ كل عين نصيبها منها بحسبها، فيظهر بمقتضاها، هداية كان أو ضلالة. كما قال: "وما أمرنا إلا واحدة كلمح بالبصر". وإذا كان الواقع في الوجود أحد النقيضين باقتضاء العين ذلك، فمشيئته أيضا أحدية التعلق، لأنها نسبة تابعة للعلم. إذ ما لا يعلم بوجه من الوجوه، لا يمكن تعلق الإرادة والمشيئة به. والعلم نسبة للمعلوم من حيث تغايرهما وامتياز كل منهما عن غيره، والمعلوم الأعيان الثابتة وأحوالها، وهي لا يقتضى إلا وجود أحد الطرفين من النقيضين، فالمشيئة أيضا لا يتعلق إلا به. قوله

i.e., the Real has one universal will by which He discloses Himself (yatajallā), and each entity takes its portion from it according to itself, and manifests according to what it requires, whether guidance or error—just as He said: "Our command is but one, like the twinkling of an eye." And since what occurs in existence is one of the two contraries, by the entity's requirement of that, then His will too is singular in attachment, because it is a relation following upon knowledge. For what is not known in any respect, it is not possible for intention and will to attach to it. And knowledge is a relation to the known, inasmuch as the two are mutually distinct and each is distinguished from the other; and the known is the fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita) and their states, and these require only the existence of one of the two sides of the contraries. So the will too attaches only to that. His saying

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهي نسبة تابعة للعلم ، والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم ، والمعلوم أنت وأحوالك﴾

أي في حال عينك الثابتة في الأزل قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, in the state of your entity (ʿayn) fixed in eternity (azal). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وهي نسبة تابعة للعلم . والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم ، والمعلوم أنت وأحوالك ، فليس للعالم أثر في المعلوم ، بل للمعلوم أثر في العالم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن المعلوم هو الذي جعل العالمية مصوّرا بصورته

for the known is that which has made 'knowingness' (al-ʿālimiyya) take shape in its form

Jāmī

﴿وهي نسبة﴾

أي وذلك لأن المشيئة نسبة

i.e., that is because the will is a relation

Bālī Zāde

﴿نسبة تابعة للعلم﴾

لأن ما لم يعلم لا يمكن تعلق المشيئة به

because what is not known cannot have the will connected to it

Words 22–23 · 1 of 6

تَابِعَةٌ لِلْعِلْمِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿تابعة للعلم﴾

لا تتعلق إلا بما يقتضي العلم تعلقها به

it attaches only to what knowledge requires it to attach to.

Jāmī

﴿والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم﴾

لا يتعلق به إلا على ما هو عليه في نفسه

it attaches to it only as it is in itself.

Bālī Zāde

﴿والعلم نسبة نابعة للمعلوم والمعلوم أنت﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كناية عن جميع الأعيان

an allusion to all the entities (aʿyān)

Words 28–30 · 1 of 6

وَالمَعْلُومُ أَنتَ وَأَحْوَالُكَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿والمعلوم أنت وأحوالك﴾

وأنت لم تتغير عما كنت عليه في حال ثبوتك . ولما كان المتوهم أن يتوهم ههنا أن نتعلم تأثيرا في المعلوم فيمكن أن تستند مقتضيات الأعيان إلى العلم بها إلى نفسها . دفعه رضي الله عنه بما يتفرع على تبعيته للمعلوم أعني قوله

and you have not changed from what you were in the state of your fixity. And since it might be imagined here that knowledge has an effect on the known, so that the requirements of the entities could be attributed to knowledge of them rather than to themselves, he, may God be pleased with him, repelled this by what follows from its [knowledge's] being subordinate to the known, namely his statement:

al-Qāshānī

﴿فليس للعلم أثر في المعلوم﴾

فإن حال المعلوم أعطى العلم ، فلا يؤثر العلم فيه قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for the state of the known is what gave rise to the knowledge, so knowledge does not affect it. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فليس للعلم أثر … والعلم نسبة تابعة للمعلوم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

و أثر المعلوم في العالم اقتضاؤه وطلبه من (العالم القادر) على إيجاده : إيجاده على ما هو عليه. وقد مر، في المقدمات، من أن العلم من أي جهة تابعة، ومن أيها متبوعة مؤثرة في إفاضة الأعيان. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The effect of the known upon the knower is its requiring and seeking from the (knowing, powerful one) its bringing into existence: bringing it into existence as it is in itself. It was already mentioned, in the introductory sections, that knowledge, from one aspect, is a follower, and from another aspect is a followed-one, effective in the effusion (fayḍ) of the entities (aʿyān). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿فليس للعلم أثر في المعلوم بل للمعلوم أثر في العلم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وفي بعض النسخ في العالم والأول أنسب. (فيعطيه) ، أي أثر المعلوم في العلم أن يعطيه

— in some copies it reads 'on the knower' (al-ʿālim), but the first is more fitting. 'Giving it,' i.e., the effect of the known on knowledge, is that it gives it

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأحوالك فليس للعلم أثر للمعلوم﴾

أي وليس لعلم الحق أثر للمعلوم حتى ينبع المعلوم لعلم الله تعالی فكان المعلوم تابعة لمشيئته وليس كذلك

i.e., and the Real's knowledge has no effect upon the known, such that the known would follow the knowledge of God Most High, making the known follow His will - but it is not so

al-Qāshānī

﴿بل للمعلوم أثر في العلم ، فيعطيه من نفسه ما هو عليه في عينه ، وإنما ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب ما تواطأ عليه المخاطبون ، وما أعطاه النظر العقلي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إنما خاطب الله تعالى عباده على قدر فهومهم ، وما توافق عليه العموم مما هو مبلغ عقولهم وعلومهم بالنظر العقلي من كمال قدرته وإرادته ، وإنه لو شاء لهدى الجميع لكونه فعالا لما يريد. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, God, exalted is He, addressed His servants only according to the measure of their understandings, and according to what the generality agreed upon of the extent of their intellects and their knowledge through rational consideration, regarding the perfection of His power and His will, and that had He willed, He would have guided all, since He does what He wills (faʿʿāl li-mā yurīd). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿بل للمعلوم أثر في العلم فيعطيه من نفسه ما هو عليه في عينه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ العلم إنّما يتعلَّق بالمعلوم بحسب ما هو المعلوم عليه فهو تابع للمعلوم في تعلَّقه به ، فليس للعلم أثر في المعلوم . قال رضي الله عنه

He, may God be pleased with him, means: that knowledge attaches to the known only according to what the known is in itself, so it [knowledge] follows the known in its attachment to it; thus knowledge has no effect upon the known. He, may God be pleased with him, said:]

Bālī Zāde

﴿بل للمعلوم أثر﴾

أي حكم (في العلم فيعطيه) أي فيعطي المعلوم العالم

i.e., a determination (upon knowledge, so it gives) i.e., so the known gives to the Knower

Ibn Turka

﴿فيعطيه من نفسه ما هو عليه في عينه … وإنما ورد الخطاب الإلهي﴾

بلسان الحضرة الختميّة

in the tongue of the Seal-like Presence (al-ḥaḍra al-khatmiyya)

Jāmī

﴿من نفسه ما هو عليه في عينه﴾

فيجعله مطابقا تابعا له في هيئة التطابق . ولما كان المفهوم و المتبادر من قوله :" فلو شاء لهداكم أجمعين" [الأنعام: 149 ]. تساوي الهداية و عدمها إلى جميع المخاطبين , وترجيح أحد الجانبين بمحض مشیئته سبحانه لامتناع تعلق المشيئة بهداية الجميع كما ذكره رضي الله عنه . اعتذر بقوله

making it conform to it, subordinate to it, in the form of correspondence. And since the understood and readily apparent meaning of His statement 'If He had willed, He would have guided you all' (Q. 6:149) might suggest the equivalence of guidance and its absence with respect to all addressees, and that the preference of one side is by His pure will alone — since the attachment of the will to guiding all is impossible, as he, may God be pleased with him, mentioned — he offered an excuse by saying:

Bālī Zāde

﴿من نفسه﴾

أي من نفس المعلوم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., from the very self of the known. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 44–47 · 1 of 6

مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ فِي

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما هو عليه في عينه وإنما ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب ما تواطأ عليه المخاطبون و … ما أعطاه النظر العقلي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لاشتراك المخاطبين كلهم في النظر العقلي

due to the shared participation of all those addressed in rational consideration (naẓar ʿaqlī)

al-Jandī

﴿وإنّما ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب ما تواطأ عليه المخاطبون وما أعطاه النظر العقلي ، ما ورد الخطاب على ما يعطيه الكشف . ولذلك كثر المؤمنون وقلّ العارفون أصحاب الكشوف﴾

وَما مِنَّا إِلَّا لَه ُ مَقامٌ مَعْلُومٌ "

al-Jandī · line 8242English translation pending

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإنما ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب ما تواطأ عليه المخاطبون وما أعطاه النظر العقلي ما ورد الخطاب على ما يعطيه الكشف. ولذلك كثر المؤمنون وقل العارفون وأصحاب الكشوف﴾

أي لما كان أكثر الأشخاص الإنسانية عقلاء وأصحاب النظر الفكري، ما ورد الخطاب الإلهي إلا بحسب ما تواطأوا، أي توافقوا عليه،وهو العقل ومقتضاه. ولم يرد على ما يعطيه الكشف، لعدم وفاء الاستعدادات بذلك ولقلة العارفين أصحاب الكشوف الواقفين على سر القدر. ولو ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب إدراك المخاطبين وعقولهم، كثر المؤمنون وقل العارفون، لأنطور المعرفة فوق طور الإدراك العقلي، وهو الكشف عن حقائق الأمور على ماهي عليه

That is, since most human individuals are rational beings and possessors of discursive reflection, the divine address came only according to what they mutually agreed upon—namely, reason and what it requires—and did not come according to what unveiling affords, due to the insufficiency of their preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) for that, and due to the scarcity of knowers, possessors of unveilings, who stand upon the secret of the divine decree (qadar). Had the divine address come according to the perception and reason of those addressed exclusively, believers would be many and knowers few, because the plane of gnosis (maʿrifa) is above the plane of rational perception—that plane being the unveiling of the realities of things as they truly are.

Jāmī

﴿وإنما ورد الخطاب الإلهي بحسب ما تواطأ … عليه المخاطبون﴾

المحجوبون المقتدرون بطور العقل .(و) بحسب

those veiled, constrained by the mode of reason. 'And' according to

Ibn Turka

﴿بحسب ما تواطأ عليه المخاطبون ، وما أعطاه النظر العقليّ﴾

على ما عليه مدارك العامّة من أمم زمانه ، من الاحتمالات اللازمة لما وقع في حيّز الإمكان - على ما هو مقتضى منصب الرسالة وختميّتها ، حتّى يكون الكلّ محظوظا من جوامع كلمته التامّة ، وإلَّا فلا يكون مبعوثا للكافّة . ولذلك

according to what the perceptions of the common people among the nations of his time can bear, from the possibilities necessary for what falls within the scope of contingency — according to what the rank of the Messengership and its Seal-hood (khatmiyya) requires, so that all might have a share of the comprehensive totalities of his complete word; otherwise he would not be sent to all. And therefore

Jāmī

﴿ما أعطاه النظر العقلي ما ورد﴾

ذلك (الخطاب) بحسب معناه الظاهر ومفهومه المتبادر (على) طبق

that address according to its apparent meaning and readily understood sense, in accordance with

al-Qāshānī

﴿ما ورد الخطاب على ما يعطيه الكشف﴾

فإن الحكمة الإلهية اقتضت التدبير على النظام المعلوم ، فلا بد من احتجاب البعض بل الأكثر بحجب الجلال ، ليختاروا من الأمور ما يناسب استعدادهم ، ويتحملوا المشاق والمتاعب في تدابير المعاش ومصالح نظام العالم ، فيتسبب صلاح الجمهور ، والتدبير إنما يكون ويتيسر عند الاحتجاب عن سر القدر. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for divine wisdom required that governance (tadbīr) be according to the known order, so it was necessary that some, indeed most, be veiled by the veils of majesty, so that they might choose from among affairs what suits their preparedness, and bear the hardships and troubles in the management of livelihood and the interests of the order of the world, whereby the welfare of the generality is brought about; and governance (tadbīr) only occurs and is facilitated when one is veiled from the secret of destiny (sirr al-qadar). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ما ورد عليه الخطاب على ما يعطيه الكشف﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الجزم بما عليه الأمر ، على ما يختصّ به الندر من الخواصّ

of definitive certainty regarding the actual matter, which is the special province of the rare few among the elect

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما ورد الخطاب على … ما يعطيه الكشف﴾

وإلا لفات نصيب أرباب العقول من الخطاب الإلهي لعدم وفاء استعدادهم بذلك. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (ولذلك) أي و لورود الخطاب على حسب إدراك أرباب العقول

for otherwise the share of the possessors of intellects in the divine address would be lost, due to their preparedness not fulfilling that. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (and for that) i.e., and because the address came according to the perception of the possessors of intellects

Words 66–68 · 1 of 6

مَا يُعْطِيهِ الكَشْفُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ما يعطيه الكشف﴾

لعدم وفاء استعدادات الكل بذلك

because the preparedness of all does not suffice for that.

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولذلك كثر المؤمنون وقل العارفون أصحاب الكشوف﴾

فإنهم المطلعون على سر القدر وأحوال العالم ، فلا يباشرون التدبير بعد العثور على التقدير قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for they are the ones who have become informed of the secret of destiny (sirr al-qadar) and the states of the world, and so they do not undertake governance (tadbīr) after having come upon the [divine] decree (taqdīr). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ولذلك كثر المؤمنون﴾

أرباب الفهوم من الواقفين عند ظواهر ما أعطاه النظر العقليّ ، ممّا يمكن أن يتواطأ عليه الجمهور من المخاطبين

— the people of understanding who stop at the apparent meanings afforded by discursive reason, which the generality of those addressed can mutually agree upon

Jāmī

﴿ولذلك كثر المؤمنون﴾

المصدقون بما هو الظاهر المتبادر من الخطابات الإلهية

those who affirm what is the apparent, readily understood sense of the divine addresses,

Bālī Zāde

﴿كثر المؤمنون وقل العارفون أصحاب الكشوف﴾

لأن أصحاب الكشوف أقل من أرباب العقول فإذا ورد الخطاب على حسب إدراك العقلاء كثر المؤمنون وقل العارفون لعدم ورود الخطاب على ما يعطيه الكشف. (وما) أحد

because the possessors of unveilings are fewer than the possessors of intellects; so when the address came according to the perception of the rational, believers increased and knowers decreased, due to the address not coming according to what unveiling gives. (And there is not one) of us

Ibn Turka

﴿وقلّ العارفون - أصحاب الكشوف﴾

من الواقفين على سرّ ما عليه الأمر في نفسه ، وهم ، هم المقصودون بالذات ، وغيرهم إنّما خلق لأجل تمهيد المقصود . حكم المعلوم على العالم والذي يدلّ على ما مرّ - من أنّ لكلّ أحد مقاما لا يتجاوزه ، وهو صورة معلوميّته المؤثّرة في العالم ، الحاكمة بالخصوصيّة - ما ورد

among those who stand upon the secret of what the matter actually is in itself, and they are the ones truly intended, while others were only created to prepare the way for what is intended. The ruling of the known over the knower, and that which indicates what has preceded — that everyone has a station he does not transgress, which is the form of his known-ness (maʿlūmiyya) that has an effect upon the knower, determining his specificity — is what has come down:

Jāmī

﴿وقل العارفون أصحاب الكشوف﴾

الفائزون بإدراك المراد منها على ما هو عليه

those who attain perception of what is intended by them as it truly is.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.