Root · 0 in the Quran · 1 in 1 text of the library
طل (root tl)
الطاء واللام يدل على أصول ثلاثة أحدها غضاضة الشيء وغضارته والآخر الإشراف والثالث إبطال الشيء
Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-lugha
The family of the root
Patterns computed · our dataThe words of ط ل that our sources attest: the root's letters in green, the added letters in gold.
5 words5 verbs
- طَلَّتِthe sky rained small rain upon the earth, or land
- تَطَالَّhe stretched out his neck, looking at the thing, it being far from him
- أَطْلَلَ—
- تَطَلَّلَتَ—
- إِسْتَطْلَلَ—
The whole family1 group, by pattern; tap a pattern to see what it does
Verbs5طَلَّتِ · أَطْلَلَ · تَطَلَّلَتَ
The root as an action: the bare Form I, and the Forms made by adding letters before, inside or after the root.grammar →
Reference
Why this shape?What each of the 5 patterns does
What each pattern does. The pattern gives a tendency, not a rule: many words have drifted into meanings of their own.
About thisWhat “attested” means here; the sources
Attested means found in our data: the Quranic Arabic Corpus (lemmas, verb Forms, participles, verbal nouns, plurals), the library's words (automatic analysis), Lane's Lexicon (his headwords, the Forms he numbers, the verbal nouns and plurals he names) and Ibn Fāris's entry. Nothing is generated for this list. Meanings are Lane's first gloss in his entry, or else the analyser's gloss (“auto”). Vowelling follows the corpus, then Lane, then the analyser; verbs are given in the regular perfect. Lane's Lexicon thins out after qāf, and a few of his entries cover several roots at once: those roots show no Lane. The patterns, written with ف ع ل, are computed by us.
The dictionaries
Ibn Fāris · 395الطاء واللام يدل على أصول ثلاثة أحدها غضاضة الشيء وغضارته والآخر الإشراف والثالث إبطال الشيء فالأول الطل وهو أضعف المطر إنما سمي به لأنه يحسن الأرض ولذلك تسمى امرأة الرجل طلته قال بعضهم إنما سميت بذلك لأنها غضة في عينه ك
Ibn Fāris (d. 395/1004), Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Seeks each root's original sense (aṣl).
Letters & sound
- طṭāʾtongue-tip, roots of the teeth · voiced, stop, velarisedSīb. · I. Jinnī
- لlāmedge of the tongue · voiced, in betweenI. Jinnī
How each letter is made, in brief, from Sībawayh's and Ibn Jinnī's own sentences (linked); their words are under Reference.
Reference
How it is madeSībawayh and Ibn Jinnī · phonetics
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ط
ومما بين طرف اللسان وأصول الثنايا مخرج الطاء، والدال، والتاء
From between the tip of the tongue and the roots of the front teeth is the place of the ṭāʾ, the dāl and the tāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26559 ↗
ومما بين طرف اللسان وأصول الثنايا، مخرج الطاء والدال والتاء
From between the tip of the tongue and the roots of the front teeth is the place of the ṭāʾ, the dāl and the tāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 982 ↗
ل
ومن حافة اللسان من أدناها إلى منتهى طرف اللسان، من بينها وبين ما يليها من الحنك الأعلى، مما فويق الضاحك والناب والرباعية والثنية، مخرج اللام
From the edge of the tongue, from its nearest part to the end of its tip, between it and the upper palate next to it, just above the premolar, the canine, the lateral and the central incisor, is the place of the lām. Ibn Jinnī, lines 977–978 ↗
Sībawayh, al-Kitāb (ed. Hārūn) and Ibn Jinnī, Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb; OpenITI digital texts (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full credits on each letter's page.
In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ط
Level of existence: السماء السادسة · the sixth heaven
Divine Name: المحصي · the Enumerator (al-Muḥṣī)
Lunar mansion: الزبانا · al-Zubānā
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64680Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582ل
Level of existence: السماء الثالثة · the third heaven
Divine Name: القاهر · the Subduer (al-Qāhir)
Lunar mansion: العوا · al-ʿAwwā
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64654Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 7 line 2576 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
منها دون الألف فطبعها الحرارة واليبوسة
[Zāy and lām] of it, excluding alif: their nature is heat and dryness.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2577Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ط
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي جنسه طاهر وصاف إلى النهاية، وهو في ذاته أيضا طاهر صاف إلى النهاية.
It is an indication of the thing whose genus is pure and clear to the utmost, and which is also, in itself, pure and clear to the utmost.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي إشارة إلى الخبيث إلى النهاية عكس الأول.
It is an indication of what is foul to the utmost, the reverse of the first.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي من طبعه السكون أو أمر بالسكون.
It is an indication of the thing whose nature is stillness, or which has been commanded to be still.
ل
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي حصول المتكلم على شيء عظيم، وتكون إشارة إلى شيء عظيم.
It is the speaker's attaining of something great, and it serves as an indication of something great.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي لا نهاية له.
It is an indication of the thing that has no end.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة من المتكلم إلى وجود ذاته أو إلى ذاته.
It is an indication by the speaker of the existence of his self, or of his self.
Two-letter nucleus7 roots in Ibn Fāris’s chapterط ل
Ibn Fāris groups his roots under two-letter chapters (“the X and the Y and what makes them three”). These are the roots of this root's chapter with the core sense he gives each. Setting them side by side is our juxtaposition; he does not himself draw a shared meaning. His chapter heading, line 18054 ↗
- طلمالطاء واللام والميم أصل صحيح وهو ضرب الشيء ببسط الشيء المبسوط مثال ذلك الطلم وهو ضربك خبزة الملة بيدك تنفض ما عليها من الرماد وما أقرب ما بين الطلم واL18055
- طلهالطاء واللام والهاء ليس عندي بأصل يفرع منه ولا قياسه بذلك الصحيح لكنهم يقولون طله في البلاد إذا ذهب يطله طلها ويقولون الطلهة القليل من الكلام ويقال الL18061
- طلىالطاء واللام والحرف المعتل أصلان صحيحان أحدهما يدل على لطخ شيء بشيء والآخر على شيء صغير كالولد للشيءL18064
- طلخالطاء واللام والخاء ليس بشيء وذكروا فيه كلمة كأنها مقلوبةL18094
- طلسالطاء واللام والسين أصل صحيح كأنه يدل على ملاسةL18096
- طلفالطاء واللام والفاء أصل صحيح يدل على إهانة الشيء وطرحه ثم يحمل عليه فالطلف الهدر من الدماء وكل شيء لم يطلب فهو هدرL18117
- طلقالطاء واللام والقاف أصل صحيح مطرد واحد وهو يدل على التخلية والإرسالQ 23 · L18124
In the sister scriptsHebrew ט לSyriac ܛ ܠ
| Arabic | ط ل |
| Hebrew | ט ל |
| Syriac | ܛ ܠ |
| Ancient South Arabian (musnad) | 𐩷 𐩡 |
| Phoenician | 𐤈 𐤋 |
Letter for letter, by the regular sound correspondences of the Semitic languages (Arabic keeps several sounds the others merged). This shows how the root would be spelled; whether a related word exists is a separate question, answered in the Semitic lens. Where an Arabic sibilant (s, sh) continues two older sounds, both spellings are shown.
Reference