Mashrabaمشربة

طلقa single, consistent root meaning release and setting loose. (root tlq)

الطاء واللام والقاف أصل صحيح مطرد واحد وهو يدل على التخلية والإرسال

Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-lugha · English rendering

طلق
Patterns computed · our data

The words of ط ل ق that our sources attest: the root's letters in green, the added letters in gold.

45 words7 verbs9 verbal nouns5 participles1 place or instrument3 intensives and elatives14 other nouns6 plurals

  • مُطْلَقabsolute; unlimited
  • طَلَّقَhe left, left alone, or let go, his she-camel
  • اِنْطَلَقَhe was, or became, loosed from his bond
  • أَطْلَقَhe loosed the she-camel from the bond, or cord, by which her fore shank and …
  • إِطْلاقfiring
The whole family7 groups, by pattern; tap a pattern to see what it does
Verbs7طَلَقَتِ · طَلَّقَ · اِنْطَلَقَ

The root as an action: the bare Form I, and the Forms made by adding letters before, inside or after the root.grammar →

Form I vowels: فَعَلَ يَفْعُلُ (a – u; the imperfect from Lane's “aor.”)

  • طَلَقَتِthe she-camel was, or became, loosed from her bond, or cord, by which her …LaneForm ILaneIbn Fāris
  • طَلَّقَhe left, left alone, or let go, his she-camelLaneForm IIQurʾān ×10LaneIbn Fāris
  • اِنْطَلَقَhe was, or became, loosed from his bondLaneForm VIIQurʾān ×9library ×2LaneIbn Fāris
  • أَطْلَقَhe loosed the she-camel from the bond, or cord, by which her fore shank and …LaneForm IVlibrary ×13LaneIbn Fāris
Verbal nouns9إِطْلاق · طَلَاق · طَلْق

The action itself, named as a noun (maṣdar).grammar →

  • إِطْلاقfiringautoForm IV · Lane: inf. n.library ×8Lane
  • طَلَاقForm I · Lane: inf. n.Qurʾān ×2Lane
  • طَلْقloosed from his bond, set loose or free, or, as explLaneForm I · Lane: inf. n.LaneIbn Fāris
  • اِطِّلَاقForm VIII · Lane: inf. n.Lane
Participles5مُطْلَق · طَالِق · مُطَلِّق

The one who does it, and the one it is done to.grammar →

  • مُطْلَقabsolute; unlimitedautopassive, Form IVlibrary ×21LaneIbn Fāris
  • طَالِقshe-camel not having having her fore shank and her arm bound togetherLaneactive, Form ILaneIbn Fāris
  • مُطَلِّقone desiring to outstrip with his horse in a raceLaneactive, Form IILaneIbn Fāris
  • مُنْطَلِقactive, Form VIILaneIbn Fāris
  • مُتَطَلَِّقactive, Form VLane
Place, time and instrument1مِطْلَاق

Where or when it happens, and what it is done with: the m- nouns.grammar →

  • مِطْلَاقnoun of instrumentLane
Intensives, qualities and the elative3طَلَّاق · طَلِيق · طِلِّيق

The quality carried far, held as a trait, or compared.grammar →

  • طَلَّاقintensive (faʿʿāl)Lane
  • طَلِيقcaptive having his bond loosed from him, and let goLanequality (faʿīl)Lane
  • طِلِّيقquality (faʿīl)Lane
Other nouns14طَلَق · طَلِق · طُلَق

Nouns on other patterns; their meaning is learned word by word.grammar →

Plurals6مُطَلَّقَات · أَطْلَاق · إِطْلاقات

Broken plurals rebuild the word on a new pattern; sound plurals add an ending.grammar →

  • مُطَلَّقَاتsound plural of مُطَلَّقَةQurʾān ×2
  • أَطْلَاقbroken plural of طُلُقLane
  • إِطْلاقاتplural of firingfrom the singularsound plural of إِطْلاقlibrary ×1
  • طَلَقَةbroken plural of طَالِقLane
Why this shape?What each of the 18 patterns does

What each pattern does. The pattern gives a tendency, not a rule: many words have drifted into meanings of their own.

The pattern machinePour the root into a pattern; see whether the word exists

Choose a pattern; the root's letters pour into it. Then see whether the word exists in our sources. The machine makes shapes; only usage makes words.

مَفْعَلَةط ل قمَطْلَقَة

Not in our sources. A possible shape, not a word we can show: the Quran, the library and Lane do not have it for this root.

Place noun with -a. The place noun with the feminine -a. Sometimes it is only a variant of mafʿal; often it names the place where a thing is found in abundance (maʾsada, 'a place full of lions'). So maktab is the place of writing, and maktaba, where writings are gathered: a library, a bookshop. Our summary

But: maktaba is not in our classical dictionaries for k-t-b: Lane and al-Jawharī give maktab ('a school'), none gives maktaba. Its sense of 'library, bookshop' fits the pattern of abundance, but that is our reading of the pattern, not a classical entry. Many mafʿala words are single items of usage (maqbara 'cemetery'), which the grammarians call heard, not formed by rule.

The grammarians on this pattern (4)
  • ما يكون مفعلة لازمة لها الهاء والفتحة … وذلك إذا أردت أن تكثر الشيء بالمكان، وذلك قولك: أرض مسبعة، ومأسدة

    Chapter on what is mafʿala, with the -a and the a-vowel always: that is when you mean that a thing abounds in a place, as you say 'a land of many beasts of prey (masbaʿa), of many lions (maʾsada)'

    Sībawayh (d. c. 180/796), al-Kitāb, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn, 3rd ed. (Cairo: al-Khānjī, 1988), 4:94 · OpenITI line 21027–21028 ↗ · on this site · OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

  • و نحو المظنة و المقبرة فتحا و ضما ليس بقياس

    and words like maẓinna and maqbara (with a or u) are not by rule

    Ibn al-Ḥājib (d. 646/1249), al-Shāfiya fī ʿilm al-taṣrīf, ed. Ḥasan Aḥmad al-ʿUthmān (Mecca: al-Maktaba al-Makkiyya, 1995), 1:30 · OpenITI line 223 ↗ · on this site · OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

  • “designate the place where the object signified by the noun from which they are formed, is found in large numbers or quantities” Wright, Grammar I, §247, p. 148 ↗ · on nouns of abundance, maf'ala · 3rd ed. (Cambridge, 1896) · public domain
  • “Nouns of time and place not unfrequently take the feminine form” Wright, Grammar I, §225, p. 128 ↗ · on maf'ala as a variant of maf'al · 3rd ed. (Cambridge, 1896) · public domain
About thisWhat “attested” means here; the sources

Attested means found in our data: the Quranic Arabic Corpus (lemmas, verb Forms, participles, verbal nouns, plurals), the library's words (automatic analysis), Lane's Lexicon (his headwords, the Forms he numbers, the verbal nouns and plurals he names) and Ibn Fāris's entry. Nothing is generated for this list. Meanings are Lane's first gloss in his entry, or else the analyser's gloss (“auto”). Vowelling follows the corpus, then Lane, then the analyser; verbs are given in the regular perfect. Lane's Lexicon thins out after qāf, and a few of his entries cover several roots at once: those roots show no Lane. The patterns, written with ف ع ل, are computed by us.

English: AI translation
  • al-Khalīl · 170Ṭalaqat al-mar'a (طلقت المرأة) — a woman is said to be 'in labor,' so she is maṭlūqa (مطلوقة) when the birth-pang (al-ṭalq) strikes her at childbirth.

    al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad (d. c. 170/786), Kitāb al-ʿAyn. The first Arabic dictionary, arranged by permutations of the root letters.

    Ṭalaqat al-mar'a (طلقت المرأة) — a woman is said to be 'in labor,' so she is maṭlūqa (مطلوقة) when the birth-pang (al-ṭalq) strikes her at childbirth. Al-ṭalāq (الطلاق) is the setting free of her [marital] path; the woman taṭluqu ṭalāqan (تطلق طلاقا) [is divorced], so she is ṭāliq (طالق) and ṭāliqa ghadan (طالقة غدا) [divorced as of tomorrow]. Al-A'shā said: 'O my neighbor-woman, depart, for you are divorced (ṭāliqah)' — and one also says ṭulliqat (طلقت) and ṭalaqat (طلقت) taṭlīqan. Al-ṭāliq (الطالق) among camels is a she-camel let loose in the encampment to graze around it wherever she wishes; she is not hobbled when she returns in the evening, nor kept apart in the pasture. Aṭlaqat al-nāqa (أطلقت الناقة) and ṭalaqat hiya (طلقت هي) mean: I loosed her hobble and set her free / she became loosed. A man is muṭlāq (مطلاق) and muṭlīq (مطليق), i.e., one who divorces women frequently. Al-ṭalīq (الطليق) is the captive whose bonds have been released. When a gazelle frees its legs and goes off without turning aside for anything, one says: taṭallaqa (تطلق); as the poet said: 'it passes like the passing of the freely-running fawn (al-shādin al-mutaṭalliq).' When a man releases the she-camel as described, one says: ṭalaqahā (طلقها); likewise the wild ass, when he has gathered his herd of females and dealt roughly with them and then releases them, one says: ṭalaqahā. When she resists him and then submits, one says: ṭalaqathu (طلقته). When she refuses to approach the water closely and then goes forward to draw near, one says: ṭalaqat (طلقت). Al-inṭilāq (الانطلاق) is swiftness in departing under hardship. So-and-so is ṭalq al-wajh (طلق الوجه) and ṭalīquhu (طليقه) [cheerful of face]; he has ṭalaqa ṭalāqatan (طلق طلاقة). A day is ṭalq (طلق) and a night ṭalqa (طلقة) — the opposite of an ill-omened (naḥs) day/night; Ru'ba said: 'whether it be a day of ill omen or be ṭalq (auspicious).' Istaṭlaqa al-baṭn (استطلق البطن) and aṭlaqahu al-dawā' (أطلقه الدواء) [the medicine loosened him] mean it purged him. A man is ṭalīq al-lisān (طليق اللسان) and ṭalq al-lisān (طلق اللسان): possessed of fluency (ṭalāqa) and sharpness (dhalāqa); his tongue is ṭalq dhalq (طلق ذلق), i.e., unimpeded. A man is ṭalq al-yadayn (طلق اليدين): open-handed in giving; Ḥassān said of Rabī'a ibn Mukaddam: 'My young she-camel shied from the hard stony ground... built [in character] upon open-handedness (ṭalq al-yadayn) and generosity (wahūb).' 'Mā taṭluqu nafsī li-hādhā al-shay' (ما تطلق نفسي لهذا الشيء)' means my soul does not open toward this thing nor settle on it. Al-ṭalq (الطلق) is a heat/course in the running of horses, and is used for various things besides. Taṭallaqat al-khayl (تطلقت الخيل) means the horses ran a full course without holding back before the finish; as the poet said: 'It ran a full course (ṭalqan) until, when it was said it had drawn near, faulty stock/veins overtook it and it fell behind' — also transmitted 'contended with it faulty veins.' Al-ṭalq (الطلق) is also a short, tightly-twisted rope, [twisted] until it stands up by itself; as the poet said: 'twisted smooth, coiled like the coiling of the ṭalq-rope (al-ṭalq).'

    AI translation of the Arabic below

    طلقت المرأة فهي مطلوقة إذا ضربها الطلق عند الولادة. والطلاق: تخلية سبيلها، والمرأة تطلق طلاقا فهي طالق وطالقة غدا، قال الأعشى: أيا جارتي بيني فإنك طالقه «2» وطلقت وطلقت تطليقا. والطالق من الإبل ناقة ترسل في الحي ترعى من جنابهم أي حواليهم حيث شاءت، لا تعقل إذا راحت ولا تنحى في المسرح، وأطلقت الناقة وطلقت هي أي حللت عقالها فأرسلتها. ورجل مطلاق ومطليق أي كثير الطلاق للنساء. والطليق: الأسير يطلق عنه إساره. وإذا خلى الظبي عن قوائمه فمضى لا يلوي على شيء قيل: تطلق، قال: تمر كمر الشادن المتطلق «1» وإذا خلى الرجل عن الناقة على ما وصفت لك قيل: طلقها، وكذلك العير إذا حاز عانته وعنف عليها، ثم خلى عنها قيل: طلقها، وإذا استعصت عليه ثم انقادت قيل: طلقته، وإذا أبت أن تقرب الماء قربا ثم مضت للقرب قيل: طلقت. والانطلاق: سرعة الذهاب في المحنة. وفلان طلق الوجة وطليقه، وقد طلق طلاقة، ويوم طلق، وليلة طلقة: نقيض النحس والنحسة، قال رؤبة: أيوم نحس أو يكون طلقا «2» واستطلق البطن وأطلقه الدواء فأسهل. ورجل طليق اللسان وطلق اللسان: ذو طلاقة وذلاقة، ولسانه طلق ذلق أي مستمر. ورجل طلق اليدين: سمح بالعطاء، قال حسان في ربيعة بن مكدم: نفرت قلوصي من حجارة حرة ... بنيت على طلق اليدين وهوب «3» وما تطلق نفسي لهذا الشيء، أي ما تنشرح ولا تستمر. والطلق: الشوط في جرى الخيل، ويستعمل في أشياء. وتطلقت الخيل إذا مضت طلقا لم تحتبس إلى الغاية، قال: جرى طلقا حتى إذا قيل قد دنا ... تداركه أعراق سوء فبلدا «1» ويروى: تنازعه أعراق سوء. والطلق: الحبل القصير الشديد الفتل، حتى يقوم قياما، قال: محملج أدرج إدراج الطلق «2»

  • al-Jawharī · 393A man is ṭalq al-wajh (طلق الوجه) and ṭalīq al-wajh (طليق الوجه) [cheerful of face];

    al-Jawharī (d. c. 393/1003), al-Ṣiḥāḥ. Admits only usage he judged sound.

    A man is ṭalq al-wajh (طلق الوجه) and ṭalīq al-wajh (طليق الوجه) [cheerful of face]; he has ṭaluqa (طلق), with ḍamma, ṭalāqatan (طلاقة). A man is ṭalq al-yadayn (طلق اليدين), i.e. generous; a woman is ṭalqat al-yadayn (طلقة اليدين). A man is ṭalq al-lisān (طلق اللسان) and ṭalīq al-lisān (طليق اللسان). A tongue may be ṭalq dhalq (طلق ذلق) and ṭalīq dhalīq (طليق ذليق), and [also] ṭulq dhulq (طلق ذلق) and ṭalq dhalq — four dialect forms. A day is ṭalq (طلق) and likewise a night ṭalq (طلق), when there is in them neither cold (qarr) nor anything harmful. Al-ṭalq (الطلق) is a kind of medicine. Al-ṭalq is also the pain of childbirth; ṭuliqat al-mar'a (طلقت المرأة) taṭluqu ṭalqan (تطلق طلقا) is used in the passive. Al-ṭalq (الطلق), with taḥrīk (both letters vowelled), is a fetter made of hides. It is also said: 'adā al-faras ṭalqan (عدا الفرس طلقا) or ṭalqayn — i.e., a heat or two heats. Al-ṭalq is also [the term for] night travel to reach the watering-place after a two-night interval (wird al-ghibb): that is, when there are two nights between the camels and the water. The first night is al-ṭalq, in which the herdsman releases his camels toward the water while still letting them graze as they travel; after the taḥwīz [driving toward water], the camels are ṭawāliq (طوالق), and on the second night they are qawārib (قوارب) [close to the water]. One says aṭlaqtuhā (أطلقتها) ḥattā ṭalaqat (طلقت) ṭalaqan wa-ṭulūqan (طلقا وطلوقا); the noun is al-ṭalq, with taḥrīk. Aṭlaqa al-qawm (أطلق القوم) — they are muṭliqūn (مطلقون) when their camels become ṭaliqa. Aṭlaqtu al-asīr (أطلقت الأسير) means I released him. Aṭlaqtu al-nāqa (أطلقت الناقة) min 'iqālihā fa-ṭalaqat hiya (فطلقت هي), with fatḥa. Aṭlaqa yadahu bi-khayr (أطلق يده بخير) and ṭalaqahā (طلقها) [used likewise]. It is recited: 'Release (aṭliq) your two hands, they will profit you, O man, / by slow measure until you have watered them — not in haste' — with both ḍamma and fatḥa forms of the verb. Al-ṭalīq (الطليق) is the captive whose bonds have been released and who has been set free. A male camel is ṭalq (طلق); a she-camel is ṭalq (طلق), with ḍamma on the ṭā' in both, meaning unfettered; plural aṭlāq (أطلاق). 'Fulān was imprisoned ṭalqan (طلقا),' i.e., without fetters. It is also said: a horse is ṭalq iḥdā al-qawā'im (طلق إحدى القوائم) when one of its legs lacks the white marking (taḥjīl). Al-ṭalq, with kasra, means lawful (ḥalāl); one says 'huwa laka ṭalqan (هو لك طلقا)' [it is freely yours]. 'Anta ṭalq min hādhā al-amr (أنت طلق من هذا الأمر)' means you are outside/free of this matter. Al-inṭilāq (الانطلاق) is 'going, departing.' You say: 'inṭuliqa bihi (انطلق به)' in the passive, as one says 'inquṭi'a bihi (انقطع به).' The diminutive of munṭaliq (منطلق) is muṭayliq (مطيلق), or, if one wishes, one substitutes for the nūn and says muṭayilīq (مطيليق). The diminutive of inṭilāq (الانطلاق) is nuṭayliq (نطيلق), because the connective alif (alif al-waṣl) is dropped — since the first letter of the noun must be vowelled with ḍamma for the diminutive, the hamza falls away as the sukūn for which it had been introduced disappears, leaving nṭilāq; and the alif then falls in fourth position, which is why substitution [with yā'] becomes necessary, just as one says dunaynīr (دنينير) — for when a soft letter (ḥarf al-līn) occupies the fourth position, its substitute is retained and does not fall away except in poetic necessity.

    AI translation of the Arabic below

    رجل طلق الوجه وطليق الوجه، وقد طلق بالضم طلاقة. ورجل طلق اليدين، أي سمح. وامرأة طلقة اليدين. ورجل طلق اللسان وطليق اللسان. ولسان طلق ذلق وطليق ذليق، وطلق ذلق وطلق ذلق: أربع لغات. ويوم طلق وليلة طلق أيضا، إذا لم يكن فيهما قر ولا شئ يؤذى. والطلق: ضرب من الأدوية. والطلق: وجع الولادة. وقد طلقت المرأة تطلق طلقا على ما لم يسم فاعله. والطلق بالتحريك: قيد من جلود. ويقال أيضا: عدا الفرس طلقا (2) أو طلقين، أي شوطا أوشوطين. والطلق أيضا: سير الليل لورد الغب، وهو أن يكون بين الابل وبين الماء ليلتان، فالليلة الاولى الطلق يخلى الراعى إبله إلى الماء ويتركها مع ذلك ترعى وهى تسير، فالابل بعد التحويز طوالق، وهى الليلة الثانية قوارب. وقد أطلقتها حتى طلقت طلقا وطلوقا. والاسم الطلق بالتحريك. وأطلق القوم فهم مطلقون، إذا طلقت إبلهم. وأطلقت الأسير، أي خليته. وأطلقت الناقة من عقالها فطلقت هي، بالفتح وأطلق يده بخير وطلقها أيضا. وينشد: أطلق (1) يديك تنفعاك يارجل بالريث ما أرويتها لا بالعجل بالضم والفتح. والطليق: الأسير الذي أطلق عنه إساره وخلى سبيله. وبعير طلق. ناقة طلق، بضم الطاء والكلام، أي غير مقيد. والجمع أطلاق، وحبس فلان في السجن طلقا، أي بغير قيد. ويقال أيضا: فرس طلق إحدى القوائم، إذا كانت إحدى قوائمها لا تحجيل فيها. والطلق بالكسر: الحلال. وقال: هو لك طلقا. وأنت طلق من هذا الأمر، أي خارج منه. والانطلاق: الذهاب. وتقول: انطلق به، على ما لم يسم فاعله، كما يقال انقطع به. وتصغير منطلق مطيلق، وإن شئت عوضت من النون وقلت مطيليق. وتصغير الانطلاق نطيلق، لانك حذفت ألف الوصل، لان أول الاسم يلزم تحريكه بالضم للتحقير، فتسقط الهمزة لزوال السكون الذى كانت الهمزة اجتلبت له فبقى نطلاق، ووقعت الالف رابعة فلذلك وجب التعويض فيه، كما تقول دنينير، لان حرف اللين إذا كان رابعا ثبت البدل منه فلم يسقط إلا في ضرورة الشعر، أو يكون بعدها ياء، كقولهم في أثفية أثاف. فقس على ذلك واستطلاق البطن: مشيه، وتصغيره تطيليق. وطلق السليم، على ما لم يسم فاعله، إذا رجعت إليه نفسه وسكن وجعه بعد العداد، فهو مطلق. قال الشاعر: تبيت الهموم الطارقات تعدنني كما تعتري الأهوال رأس المطلق وقال النابغة: تناذرها الراقون من سوء سمها تطلقة طورا وطورا تراجع وطلق الرجال امرأته تطليقا، وطلقت هي بالفتح تطلق طلاقا، فهي طالق وطالقة أيضا. قال الاعشى: أجارتنا بينى فإنك طالقه (1) * قال الاخفش: لا يقال طلقت بالضم. ورجل مطلاق، أي كثير الطلاق للنساء. وكذلك رجل طلقة مثال همزة. وناقة طالق ونعجة طالق، أي مرسلة ترعى حيث شاءت. والطالق من الإبل: التي يتركها الراعي لنفسه لا يحتلبها على الماء. يقال: استطلق الراعي ناقة لنفسه. وتطلق الظبي، أي مر لا يلوي على شئ. وهو تفعل. ويقال: ما تطلق نفسي لهذا الأمر، أي لا تنشرح، وهو تفتعل. وتصغير الطلاق طتيليق، تقلب الطاء تاء لتحرك الطاء الاولى، كما تقول في تصغير اضطراب ضتيريب، تقلب الطاء ياء لتحرك الضاد.

  • Ibn Fāris · 395Ṭā', lām, qāf is a sound, single, consistently-applied root indicating release and sending forth (al-takhliya wa-l-irsāl).

    Ibn Fāris (d. 395/1004), Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Seeks each root's original sense (aṣl).

    Ṭā', lām, qāf is a sound, single, consistently-applied root indicating release and sending forth (al-takhliya wa-l-irsāl). One says inṭalaqa (انطلق) al-rajulu yanṭaliqu inṭilāqan — 'the man set off, departed' — and the derived forms return to this meaning. You say aṭlaqtuhu (أطلقته) iṭlāqan — 'I released him/it.' Ṭalq (الطلق) is a thing that is lawful (ḥalāl), as though it has been released and left unrestricted. From this chapter: 'adā al-faras ṭalqan (عدا الفرس طلقا) aw ṭalqayn (or ṭalqayn) — 'the horse ran a heat or two heats'; a woman is ṭāliq (طالق) when her husband has divorced her, and ṭāliqa ghadan (طالقة غدا) [divorced as of tomorrow]; aṭlaqat al-nāqa (أطلقت الناقة) means one released the she-camel from her hobble, and ṭalaqtuhā (طلقتها) [I loosed her], so she became ṭalaqat (طلقت) [loosed]. A man is ṭalq al-wajh (طلق الوجه) and ṭalīquhu (طليقه) [cheerful of face], as though 'released' — the opposite of bāsir (باسر) [scowling], the bāsir being one who scarcely smiles or opens up with cheerfulness; the people of Yemen say absara al-markab (أبسر المركب) when a ship comes to a stop. One says ṭalaqa yadahu bi-khayr (طلق يده بخير) and aṭlaqa (أطلق) with the same sense; Tha'lab cited the verse: 'Release (aṭliq) your two hands, they will profit you, O man, / by slow measure, until you have watered them well — not in haste.' Al-ṭāliq (الطالق) is a she-camel let loose to graze wherever she wishes. Of a gazelle, when it passes by without turning aside for anything, one says it has taṭallaqa (تطلق). A man is ṭalq al-lisān (طلق اللسان) and ṭalīquhu (طليقه) [fluent of tongue], and one says 'this is a tongue ṭalq dhalq (طلق ذلق)' [fluent and sharp]. You say: 'this is a matter my soul does not taṭluqu (تطلق) to,' meaning it does not open with pleasure toward it. One says ṭalaqa al-salīm (طلق السليم) when the pain of the snake-bitten man subsides after the counting [of fever-fits]; as the poet said: 'It releases him (tuṭliquhu) at times, and at times it returns.' As for the line: '...as terrors beset the head of al-muṭlaq (المطلق)...' — it is transmitted thus, with fatḥa on the lām, al-muṭlaq meaning one released from the pain of poison; others transmit it al-muṭliq (المطلق), with kasra, meaning they name the man who wishes to race his horse 'al-muṭliq' [the one who releases it], terrors besetting him because he does not know whether he will win or lose. Al-Shaybānī said: al-ṭāliq (الطالق) of camels is the one the herdsman keeps for himself, not milking her at the watering place; one says istaṭlaqa al-rā'ī (استطلق الراعي) li-nafsihi nāqatan — 'the herdsman set aside a she-camel for himself.' Laylat al-ṭalq (ليلة الطلق) is the night on which the herdsman releases his camels toward the water while still letting them graze that night; one says aṭlaqtuhā (أطلقتها) ḥattā ṭalaqat (طلقت) ṭalaqan wa-ṭulūqan (طلقا وطلوقا) — this being before qurb (قرب) [close approach to water] and after taḥwīz (التحويز) [driving them toward it].

    AI translation of the Arabic below

    الطاء واللام والقاف أصل صحيح مطرد واحد وهو يدل على التخلية والإرسال يقال انطلق الرجل ينطلق انطلاقا ثم ترجع الفروع إليه تقول أطلقته إطلاقا والطلق الشيء الحلال كأنه قد خلى عنه فلم يحظر ومن الباب عدا الفرس طلقا أو طلقين وامرأة طالق طلقها زوجها وطالقة غدا وأطلقت الناقة من عقالها وطلقتها فطلقت ورجل طلق الوجه وطليقه كأنه منطلق وهو ضد الباسر لأن الباسر الذي لا يكاد يهش ولا ينفسح ببشاشة وأهل اليمن يقولون أبسر المركب إذا وقف ويقال طلق يده بخير وأطلق بمعنى وأنشد ثعلب — اطلق يديك تنفعاك يا رجل … بالريث ما أرويتها لا بالعجل … والطالق الناقة ترسل ترعى حيث شاءت ويقال للظبي إذا مر لا يلوى على شيء قد تطلق ورجل طلق اللسان وطليقه وهذا لسان طلق ذلق وتقول هذا أمر ما تطلق نفسي له أي لا تنشرح له ويقال طلق السليم إذا سكن وجعه بعد العداد قال — تطلقه طورا وطورا تراجع … فأما قوله — كما تعتري الأهوال رأس المطلق … فإنه يروي كذا بفتح اللام المطلق وهو الذي طلق من وجع السم ومن الناس من يرويه المطلق بكسر اللام فمعناه أنهم يسمون الرجل الذي يريد أن يسابق بفرسه المطلق فالأهوال تعتريه لأنه لا يدري أيسبق أم يسبق قال الشيباني الطالق من الإبل التي يتركها الراعي لنفسه لا يحلبها على الماء يقال استطلق الراعي لنفسه ناقة وليلة الطلق ليلة يخلى الراعي إبله إلى الماء وهو يتركها مع ذلك ترعى ليلتئذ يقال أطلقتها حتى طلقت طلقا وطلوقا وهي قبل القرب وبعد التحويز

  • al-Rāghib · 502The basic meaning of al-ṭalāq (الطلاق) is release from a tether (al-takhliya min al-wathāq).

    al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī (d. c. 502/1108), al-Mufradāt. Quranic vocabulary, from core sense to Quranic usage.

    The basic meaning of al-ṭalāq (الطلاق) is release from a tether (al-takhliya min al-wathāq). One says: aṭlaqtu al-ba'īr min 'iqālihi (أطلقت البعير من عقاله) — 'I released the camel from its hobble' — and ṭalaqtuhu (طلقته) [likewise]; it is ṭāliq (طالق) and ṭalq (طلق) bi-lā qayd, [meaning] unfettered. From this it is used metaphorically: 'ṭalaqat al-mar'a (طلقت المرأة)' — 'the woman was divorced' — like saying 'I released her,' so she is ṭāliq, i.e., released from the bonds of marriage. God Most High said: 'Then divorce them (fa-ṭalliqūhunna) at [the commencement of] their waiting period' [al-Ṭalāq 65:1]; 'Divorce is twice' [al-Baqara 2:229]; 'And divorced women wait by themselves' [al-Baqara 2:228] — this is general, applying to both revocable and irrevocable divorce; His saying 'and their husbands have more right to take them back [in that period]' [al-Baqara 2:228] is specific to revocable divorce; and His saying 'and if he divorces her [a third time], she is not lawful to him thereafter' [al-Baqara 2:230], i.e., after the [final] separation — '...then if [the new husband] divorces her, there is no blame upon them both if they return to one another' [al-Baqara 2:230] — meaning the second husband. Inṭalaqa fulān (انطلق فلان) means so-and-so went off, departing. God Most High said: 'They went off (fa-nṭalaqū) whispering among themselves' [al-Qalam 68:23]; 'Depart (inṭaliqū) to that which you used to deny' [al-Mursalāt 77:29]. What is lawful (al-ḥalāl) is called ṭalq (طلق), i.e., released, with no restriction upon it; and 'adā al-faras ṭalqan (عدا الفرس طلقا) aw ṭalqayn is named in consideration of its being let loose to run. Al-muṭlaq (المطلق) in legal rulings is that from which no exception is made. Ṭalaqa yadahu (طلق يده) and aṭlaqahā (أطلقها) are both expressions for generosity. Ṭalq al-wajh (طلق الوجه) and ṭalīq al-wajh (طليق الوجه) describe one who is not scowling. Ṭalaqa al-salīm (طلق السليم) means the pain left the snake-bitten man; the poet said: [entry continues]

    AI translation of the Arabic below

    أصل الطلاق: التخلية من الوثاق، يقال: أطلقت البعير من عقاله، وطلقته، وهو طالق وطلق بلا قيد، ومنه استعير: طلقت المرأة، نحو: خليتها فهي طالق، أي: مخلاة عن حبالة النكاح. قال تعالى: فطلقوهن لعدتهن [الطلاق/ 1] ، الطلاق مرتان [البقرة/ 229] ، والمطلقات يتربصن بأنفسهن [البقرة/ 228] ، فهذا عام في الرجعية وغير الرجعية، وقوله: وبعولتهن أحق بردهن [البقرة/ 228] ، خاص في الرجعية، وقوله: فإن طلقها فلا تحل له من بعد [البقرة/ 230] ، أي: بعد البين، فإن طلقها فلا جناح عليهما أن يتراجعا [البقرة/ 230] ، يعني الزوج الثاني. وانطلق فلان: إذا مر متخلفا، وقال تعالى: فانطلقوا وهم يتخافتون ، [القلم/ 23] ، انطلقوا إلى ما كنتم به تكذبون [المرسلات/ 29] ، وقيل للحلال: طلق، أي: مطلق لا حظر عليه، وعدا الفرس طلقا أو طلقين اعتبارا بتخلية سبيله. والمطلق في الأحكام: ما لا يقع منه استثناء «2» ، وطلق يده، وأطلقها عبارة عن الجود، وطلق الوجه، وطليق الوجه: إذا لم يكن كالحا، وطلق السليم: خلاه الوجع، قال الشاعر:

  • Lisān · 711Al-ṭalq (الطلق) is the labor pain (ṭalq al-makhāḍ) at childbirth.

    Ibn Manẓūr (d. 711/1311), Lisān al-ʿArab. The great compendium of the earlier dictionaries (entry shortened).

    Al-ṭalq (الطلق) is the labor pain (ṭalq al-makhāḍ) at childbirth. Ibn Sīdah: al-ṭalq is the pain of childbirth. In the ḥadīth of Ibn 'Umar: a man performed the pilgrimage carrying his mother, bearing her on his shoulder, and asked [the Prophet]: 'Have I fulfilled her right?' He said: 'Not even a single labor-pang (ṭalqa).' Al-ṭalq is the pain of childbirth, and al-ṭalqa is one instance of it. One says ṭuliqat al-mar'a (طلقت المرأة) taṭluqu ṭalqan (تطلق طلقا), in the passive voice, and also ṭaluqat (طلقت) with ḍamma on the lām. Ibn al-A'rābī [said]: ṭulliqat, from al-ṭalāq, is the better form; ṭalaqat with fatḥa on the lām is [also] permissible; and from al-ṭalq [labor pains] one says ṭalaqat. They all say: a woman is ṭāliq (طالق), without the tā' marbūṭa. As for the saying of al-A'shā: 'O my neighbor-woman, depart, for you are ṭāliqah (طالقه)' — al-Layth said he meant ṭāliqa ghadan (طالقة غدا) [divorced as of tomorrow]. Others said he said ṭāliqah in accordance with the verb-form, since it is said of her 'qad ṭalaqat' — so the descriptive term was built on the pattern of the verb. Ṭalāq al-mar'a (طلاق المرأة) is her final separation from her husband. A woman is ṭāliq — plural (of ṭāliq-type women) ṭuluq (طلق) — and ṭāliqa — plural ṭawāliq (طوالق); and [the author] cited al-A'shā's words: 'O our neighbor-woman, depart, for you are divorced (ṭāliqah) — such indeed are the affairs of people: some departing by day, some arriving by night.' Ṭallaqa al-rajul imra'atahu (طلق الرجل امرأته) [he divorced his wife] and ṭalaqat hiya (طلقت هي), with fatḥa, taṭluqu ṭalāqan (تطلق طلاقا), and [also] ṭulliqat (طلقت) — the ḍamma form being more common, according to Tha'lab — ṭalāqan; and aṭlaqahā ba'luhā (أطلقها بعلها) and ṭallaqahā (طلقها) [likewise]. Al-Akhfash said: one does not say ṭuliqat with ḍamma. A man is muṭlāq (مطلاق), muṭlīq (مطليق), ṭalīq (طليق), and ṭulaqah (طلقة), on the pattern of hamza [an intensive-agent pattern], meaning one much given to divorcing women. In the ḥadīth of al-Ḥasan: 'You are a man ṭalīq (طليق),' meaning much given to divorcing women — though the preferred forms are muṭlāq and muṭlīq; from this comes the ḥadīth of 'Alī, peace be upon him: 'Al-Ḥasan is muṭlāq, so do not marry [your daughter] to him.' Ṭalaqa al-bilād (طلق البلاد) means he left the land — from Ibn al-A'rābī; and he cited: 'Returning to Najd after estrangement and hatred... having left (muṭliq) Baṣra, disheveled of hair, shying away.' He said: al-'Uqaylī — al-Kisā'ī asked him: 'Have you divorced (aṭlaqta) your wife?' and he replied: 'Yes, and the earth lies behind her!' And ṭalaqtu al-bilād (طلقت البلاد) means I departed from it. Ṭalaqtu al-qawm (طلقت القوم) means I left them; and [the author] cited from Ibn Aḥmar: 'Noble men who see glory as a spoil [to be won], when the miserly man abandons his dependents' — meaning he left them as a man leaves [divorces] a woman. In the ḥadīth of 'Uthmān and Zayd: 'Divorce (al-ṭalāq) belongs with the men, and the waiting-period ('idda) belongs with the women' — this pertains to these, and that pertains to those: the men are the ones who divorce, and the woman observes the waiting period. It is also said that he meant: the [number of permissible pronouncements of] divorce is determined according to the husband's status, whether free or enslaved, and likewise the waiting-period according to the woman's status, in either case. On this the jurists differ: some say that if a free woman is married to a slave, she is not finally separated except by three [pronouncements], while a slave-woman married to a free man is finally separated by two; others say a free woman married to a slave is finally separated by two, and a slave-woman married to a free man is not finally separated by fewer than three; others say that if the husband is a slave and she is free, or the reverse, or both are slaves... [entry continues]

    AI translation of the Arabic below

    الطلق: طلق المخاض عند الولادة. ابن سيده: الطلق وجع الولادة. وفي حديث ابن عمر: أن رجلا حج بأمه فحملها على عاتقه فسأله: هل قضى حقها؟ قال: ولا طلقة واحدة ؛ الطلق: وجع الولادة، والطلقة: المرة الواحدة، وقد طلقت المرأة تطلق طلقا، على ما لم يسم فاعله، وطلقت، بضم اللام. ابن الأعرابي: طلقت من الطلاق أجود، وطلقت بفتح اللام جائز، ومن الطلق طلقت، وكلهم يقول: امرأة طالق بغير هاء؛ وأما قول الأعشى: أيا جارتا بيني، فإنك طالقه فإن الليث قال: أراد طالقة غدا. وقال غيره: قال طالقة على الفعل لأنها يقال لها قد طلقت فبني النعت على الفعل، وطلاق المرأة: بينونتها عن زوجها. وامرأة طالق من نسوة طلق وطالقة من نسوة طوالق؛ وأنشد قول الأعشى: أجارتنا بيني، فإنك طالقه ... كذاك أمور الناس غاد وطارقه وطلق الرجل امرأته وطلقت هي، بالفتح، تطلق طلاقا وطلقت، والضم أكثر؛ عن ثعلب، طلاقا وأطلقها بعلها وطلقها. وقال الأخفش: لا يقال طلقت، بالضم. ورجل مطلاق ومطليق وطليق وطلقة، على مثال همزة: كثير التطليق للنساء. وفي حديث الحسن: إنك رجل طليق أي كثير طلاق النساء، والأجود أن يقال مطلاق ومطليق؛ ومنه حديث علي، عليه السلام: إن الحسن مطلاق فلا تزوجوه. وطلق البلاد: تركها؛ عن ابن الأعرابي؛ وأنشد: مراجع نجد بعد فرك وبغضة، ... مطلق بصرى، أشعث الرأس جافله قال: وقال العقيلي وسأله الكسائي فقال: أطلقت امرأتك؟ فقال: نعم والأرض من ورائها وطلقت البلاد: فارقتها. وطلقت القوم: تركتهم؛ وأنشد لابن أحمر: غطارفة يرون المجد غنما، ... إذا ما طلق البرم العيالا أي تركهم كما يترك الرجل المرأة. وفي حديث عثمان وزيد: الطلاق بالرجال والعدة بالنساء ، هذا متعلق بهؤلاء وهذه متعلقة بهؤلاء، فالرجال يطلق والمرأة تعتد؛ وقيل: أراد أن الطلاق يتعلق بالزوج في حريته ورقه، وكذلك العدة بالمرأة في الحالتين، وفيه بين الفقهاء خلاف: فمنهم من يقول إن الحرة إذا كانت تحت العبد لا تبين إلا بثلاث وتبين الأمة تحت الحر باثنتين، ومنهم من يقول إن الحرة تبين تحت العبد باثنتين ولا تبين الأمة تحت الحر بأقل من ثلاث، ومنهم من يقول إذا كان الزوج عبدا وهي حرة أو بالعكس أو كانا عبدين فإنها تبين باثنتين، وأما العدة فإن المرأة إن كانت حرة اعتدت للوفاة أربعة أشهر وعشرا، وبالطلاق ثلاثة أطهار أو ثلاث حيض، تحت حر كانت أو عبد، فإن كانت أمة اعتدت شهرين وخمسا أو طهرين أو حيضتين، تحت عبد كانت أو حر. وفي حديث عمر والرجل الذي قال لزوجته: أنت خلية طالق ؛ الطالق من الإبل: التي طلقت في المرعى، وقيل: هي التي لا قيد عليها، وكذلك الخلية. وطلاق النساء لمعنيين: أحدهما حل عقدة النكاح، والآخر بمعنى التخلية والإرسال. ويقال للإنسان إذا عتق طليق أي صار حرا. وأطلق الناقة من عقالها وطلقها فطلقت: هي بالفتح، وناقة طلق وطلق: لا عقال عليها، والجمع أطلاق. وبعير طلق وطلق: بغير قيد. الجوهري: بعير طلق وناقة طلق، بضم الطاء واللام، أي غير مقيد. وأطلقت الناقة من العقال فطلقت. والطالق من الإبل: التي قد طلقت في المرعى. وقال أبو نصر: الطالق التي تنطلق إلى الماء ويقال التي لا قيد عليها، وهي طلق وطالق أيضا وطلق أكثر؛ وأنشد: معقلات العيس أو طوالق أي قد طلقت عن العقال فهي طالق لا تحبس عن الإبل. ونعجة طالق: مخلاة ترعى وحدها، وحبسوه في السجن طلقا أي بغير قيد ولا كبل. وأطلقه، فهو مطلق وطليق: سرحه؛ وأنشد سيبويه: طليق الله، لم يمنن عليه ... أبو داود، وابن أبي كبير والجمع طلقاء، والطلقاء: الأسراء العتقاء. والطليق: الأسير الذي أطلق عنه إساره وخلي سبيله. والطليق: الأسير يطلق، فعيل بمعنى مفعول؛ قال ذو الرمة: وتبسم عن نور الأقاحي أقفرت ... بوعساء معروف، تغام وتطلق تغام مرة أي تستر، وتطلق إذا انجلى عنها الغيم، يعني الأقاحي إذا طلعت الشمس عليها فقد طلقت. وأطلقت الأسير أي خليته. وفي حديث حنين: خرج ومعه الطلقاء ؛ هم الذين خلى عنهم يوم فتح مكة وأطلقهم فلم يسترقهم، واحدهم طليق وهو الأسير إذا أطلق سبيله. وفي الحديث: الطلقاء من قريش والعتقاء من ثقيف ، كأنه ميز قريشا بهذا الاسم حيث هو أحسن من العتقاء. والطلقاء: الذين أدخلوا في الإسلام كرها؛ حكاه ثعلب، فإما أن يكون من هذا، وإما أن يكون من غيره. وناقة طالق: بلا خطام، وهي أيضا التي ترسل في الحي فترعى من جنابهم حيث شاءت لا تعقل إذا راحت ولا تنحى في المسرح؛ قال أبو ذؤيب: غدت وهي محشوكة طالق ونعجة طالق أيضا: من ذلك، وقيل: هي التي يحتبس الراعي لبنها، وقيل: هي التي يترك لبنها يوما وليلة ثم يحلب. والطالق من الإبل: التي يتركها الراعي لنفسه لا يحتلبها على الماء، يقال: استطلق الراعي ناقة لنفسه، والطالق: الناقة يحل عنها عقالها؛ قال: معقلات العيس أو طوالق وأنشد ابن بري أيضا لإبراهيم بن هرمة: تشلى كبيرتها فتحلب طالقا، ... ويرمقون صغارها ترميقا أبو عمرو: الطلقة النوق ال …

  • Lane · 1876English, synthesising the classical dictionaries.

    E. W. Lane (d. 1876), An Arabic-English Lexicon. English, synthesising the classical dictionaries.

    طَلَقَتِ النَّاقَةُ

    1. طَلَقَتِ النَّاقَةُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. طَلُقَ , inf. n. طُلُوقٌ, (Msb,) The she-camel was, or became, loosed from her bond, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or cord, by which her fore shank and her arm had been bound together. (S, Mgh.) And طَلَقَتِ النَّاقَةُ إِلَى المَآءِ [The she-camel was, or became, loosed from her bond to repair to the water]: (Msb:) or طَلَقَتِ الإِبِلُ (AZ, As, S, TA) إِلَى المَآءِ, (AZ, TA,) aor. as above, (As, TA,) inf. n. طَلْقٌ (AZ, As, S, TA) and طُلُوقٌ, (AZ, S, TA,) the camels were, or became, loosed to repair to the water, it being distant two days' journeys, (AZ, As, S, TA,) and were left to pasture while going thither: and the subst. is طَلَقٌ [q. v.]. (AZ, S, TA.) [Hence,] طَلَقَتْ, (IAar, Th, S, Mgh, O, Msb,) or طَلَقَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا, (K,) aor. طَلُقَ ; (Th, S, O, Msb, K;) and طَلُقَتْ also; (IAar, Th, Mgh, Msb;) the latter of which is preferable, but the former is allowable; (IAar, TA;) or the latter is the more common; (Th, TA;) but accord. to to Akh, the latter is not allowable; (S, O, TA;) inf. n. طَلَاقٌ, (Th, S, Mgh, O, K,) or [properly طَلْقٌ, for it is said that] طَلَاقٌ is the subst., (Msb,) [or] طَلَاقٌ is also a subst. syn. with تَطْلِيقٌ, [as will be expl. below,] as well as inf. n. of طَلُقَتْ and طَلَقَتْ;) (Mgh;) said of a woman; (IAar, Th, S, &c.;) (tropical:) She was, or became, [divorced, or] left to go her way, (O,) or separated from her husband [by a sentence of divorce]. (K, TA.) And طَلُقَ لِسَانُهُ, inf. n. طُلُوقٌ and طُلُوقَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) His tongue was, or became, eloquent, or chaste in speech, and sweet therein. (Msb. [See also طَلْقٌ: and see 7.]) And طَلُقَ, (S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. طَلَاقَةٌ, (S, O,) or طُلُوقَةٌ and طُلُوقٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He was, or became, laughing, or happy, or cheerful, and bright, (K, TA,) in face, or countenance: (S, O, K, TA:) or, inf. n. طَلَاقَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) it (the face, or countenance,) was, or became, cheerful, or happy, (MA, Msb,) the contr. of frowning or contracted, (Mgh,) displaying openness and pleasantness; (Msb;) and تطلّق signifies the same; (MA, Mgh;) as also انطلق; (Mgh;) syn. انبسط; (K;) whence the saying, يَنْبَغِى لِلْقَاضِى أَنْ يُنْصِفَ الخَصْمَيْنِ وَلَا يَنْطَلِقُ بوَجْهِهِ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) [It behooves the judge to treat with equity the two adversaries in litigation, and] he shall not speak to one of them with a cheerful countenance (بِوَجْهٍ طَلْقٍ) and with sweet speech, not doing this to the other: or it may be from الاِنْطِلَاقُ signifying “ the going away, ” and may hence mean, and he shall not turn his face, or pay regard, to one of them [in preference to the other]. (Mgh.) And طَلُقَ, inf. n. طُلُوقَةٌ and طَلَاقَةٌ, said of a day, (tropical:) It was, or became, such as is termed طَلْقٌ; i. e. [temperate,] neither hot nor cold; [&c.; see طَلْقٌ;] and in like manner طَلُقَت is said of a night (لَيْلَة). (K, TA.) طَلِقَ, (O, K,) with kesr, (O,) like سَمِعَ, (K,) signifies تَبَاعِدَ [He, or it, was, or became, distant, or remote; &c.]. (O, K.) طَلْقٌ is also trans., syn. with أَطْلَقَ: see the latter verb, former half, in two places. [Hence,] طُلِقَتْ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. تُطْلَقُ, (S,) inf. n. طَلْقٌ, (S, Mgh, * O, * Msb, K,) and inf. n. un. طَلْقَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) She (a woman, S, O, Msb) was taken with the pains of parturition: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) a phrase implying a presage of good [i. e. of speedy and safe delivery]. (Mgh.) [And طُلِقَتْ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) She was, or became, in labour with him.]

    طلّق نَاقَتَهُ

    2. طلّق نَاقَتَهُ He left, left alone, or let go, his she-camel. (TA.) See also 4, second sentence. [Hence,] طلّق ٱمْرَأَتَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَطْلِيقٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) from طَلَاقٌ [q. v.]; (O;) and اطلقها, (K,) inf. n. إِطْلَاقٌ; (TA;) (tropical:) [He divorced his wife;] he separated his wife from himself [by a sentence of divorce]. (K, TA.) [طلّق in this sense is opposed to رَاجَعَ: and hence the meanings of these two verbs in a verse of En-Nábighah which I have cited in art. نذر, (see conj. 6 in that art.,) and which is also cited in the S and O and TA in the present art.] And طلّق البِلَادَ (tropical:) He left, or quitted, the country. (IAar, TA.) El-'Okeylee, being asked by Ks, أَطَلَّقْتَ ٱمْرَأَتَكَ [Hast thou quitted thy wife?], answered, نَعَمْ وَالأَرْضَ مِنْ وَرَائِهَا (assumed tropical:) [Yes, and the land behind her]. (IAar, TA.) And one says, طَلَّقْتُ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) I left, or quitted, the people, or party: and طلّق العِيَالَ (assumed tropical:) He left [or deserted] the household, like as the man leaves [or divorces] the woman, or wife. (TA.) And طلّق العَيْرُ عَانَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) The he-ass passed by, or beyond, his she-ass, and then left her: and طَلَّقَتْهُ العَانَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-ass submitted herself [the verb which I thus render has been altered to انقدت, for which I read ٱنْقَادَتْ,] to him, after having been incompliant. (TA.) And طُلِّقَ السَّلِيمُ (assumed tropical:) The person bitten by a serpent became rid of the pain: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or recovered himself, and his pain became allayed, (S, O, K,) after the paroxysm: (S, O:) inf. n. as above. (K.) طَلَّقَ نَخْلَهُ: see 4, last sentence.

    الإِطْلَاقُ

    4. الإِطْلَاقُ signifies The loosing, or setting loose or free, and letting go. (TA.) You say, اطلق النَّاقَةَ مِنْ عِقَالِهَا, (S, O, Msb, TA,) or مِنَ العِقَالِ, i. e. He loosed the she-camel from the bond, or cord, by which her fore shank and arm were bound together; (Mgh;) as also طلّقها. (TA.) And اطلق الأَسِيرَ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) and اطلق عَنْهُ, (O, TA,) He let go the captive; (S, O, K, TA;) and set him free; (TA;) he loosed the bond of the captive, and let him go: (Mgh, Msb:) and أُطْلِقَ عَنْهُ إِسَارُهُ [His bond was loosed from him], namely, the captive. (S.) And اطلق خَيْلَهُ فِى الحَلْبَةِ He made his horses to run [in the race-ground]. (TA.) And اطلق النَّاقَةَ He drove the she-camel to the water: (TA:) or أَطْلَقْتُ النَّاقَةَ إِلَى المَآءِ [I loosed the she-camel from her bond to repair to the water]: (Msb:) or أَطْلَقْتُ الإِبِلَ (AZ, S, O, TA) إِلَى المَآءِ (AZ, S, * TA) I loosed the camels to repair to the water, it being distant two days' journeys, and left them to pasture while going thither. (AZ, S, O, * TA.) And اطلق القَوْمُ means The people, or party, had their camels loosed to repair to the water, it being distant two days' journeys, and the camels being left to pasture while going thither. (S, K, * TA.) اطلق ٱمْرَأَتَهُ: see 2, third sentence. اطلق الدَّوَآءُ بَطْنَهُ The medicine loosened, or relaxed, his belly [or bowels]; (Msb;) or moved his belly. (TA.) [اطلق عِنَانَهُ He let loose, or slackened, his (a horse's) rein; and so (assumed tropical:) made him to quicken his pace. (See Har p. 356.)] And اطلق رِجْلَهُ (assumed tropical:) He hastened him; or desired, or required, him to hasten, or be quick; as also استطلقهُ. (TA. [Whether the pronoun relate to a beast or a man is not shown. By استطلقه is not meant استطلق رِجْلَهُ as رِجْل is fem.]) اطلق يَدَهُ بِخَيْرِ (S, O, K, TA) and فِى خَيْرٍ, and بِمَالٍ and فِى مَالٍ; (TA;) and طَلَقَهَا, (S, O, K,) aor. طَلُقَ , (S,) or طَلِقَ , (K,) but expressly said in the S to be with damm, inf. n. طَلْقٌ; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) He opened his hand [freely] with good, (K, TA,) and with property. (TA.) And اطلق لَهُ مَالًا (assumed tropical:) He gave him property: (MA:) and طَلَقَ (assumed tropical:) he gave (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) a thing. (K.) And اطلق صَاحِبُ الدَّيْنِ كَذَآ (assumed tropical:) [The creditor remitted so much of the debt; being asked, or desired, to do so: see 10]. (Msb.) [اطلقه also signifies (assumed tropical:) He made it allowable, or free, to be done, or taken, &c.] You say, اطلق لَهُ فِعْلَ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He permitted him, or gave him permission or leave, to do such a thing; i. q. أَذِنَ لَهُ فِيهِ. (Msb in art. اذن.) [And (assumed tropical:) He made it to be unrestricted. Hence the saying, اطلق بِهِمُ السَّيْفَ (assumed tropical:) He made the sword to have unrestricted scope with them; i. e. he slew them without restriction.] And أَطْلَقْتُ البَيِّنَةَ (assumed tropical:) I made the evidence, proof, or voucher, to be without any mention of the date; contr. of أَرَّخْتُهَا; (Msb in art. ارخ;) or I gave the evidence without restricting it by a date: from أَطْلَقْتُ الأَسِيرَ. (Msb in the present art.) And hence also أَطْلَقْتُ القَوْلَ (assumed tropical:) I made the saying to be unrestricted, and unconditional. (Msb.) [And اطلق لَفْظًا (assumed tropical:) He uttered, or mentioned, or used, a word, or an expression, without restriction: and in like manner, اطلق alone is often employed. And (assumed tropical:) He used, or applied, a word, or an expression, without restriction, عَلَى مَعْنًى to signify a particular meaning: thus in the saying اطلق المَصْدَرَ عَلَى الفَاعِلِ (assumed tropical:) He used, or applied, the infinitive noun without restricting it by the prefix ذُو, or the like, to signify the active participial noun; as عَدْلًا to signify عَادِلًا: and thus in the saying اطلق ٱسْمَ عَلَى الجُزْءِ (assumed tropical:) He used, or applied, the name of the whole without restricting it by a prefix to signify the part; as القُرْآن to signify اللآيَة: and many similar exs. might be added: but this usage of the verb is conventional: see Kull p. 57. Hence also أَلِفُ الإِطْلَاقِ: see art. ا, p. 1, col. 3.] الإِطْلَاقُ فِى القَائِمَةِ [in which الاطلاق is inf. n. of the pass. v., أُطْلِقَ,] is (assumed tropical:) The freedom from [the whiteness termed] وَضَح [meaning تَحْجِيل, q. v.,] in the leg [of a horse]: and some make الإِطْلَاق to signify the having a fore leg and a hind leg in one side with تحجيل; and الإِمْسَاكُ [as inf. n. of أُمْسِكَ], the having a fore leg and a hind leg without تحجيل. (TA.) اطلق عَدُوَّهُ (assumed tropical:) He dosed his enemy with poison. (IAar, O, K.) And اطلق نخْلَهُ (tropical:) He fecundated his palm-trees; (IAar, O, K, TA;) said when they are tall; (IAar, O, TA;) as also طلّقهُ, (IAar, O, K,) inf. n. تَطْلِيقٌ. (K.)

    تطلّق

    5. تطلّق, said of a gazelle, He went along, (S, O, Msb, K,) or bounded in his running, or ran briskly in one direction, (اِسْتَنَّ فِى عَدْوِهِ,) and went along, (TA,) not pausing nor waiting for anything; (S, O, Msb, K, TA;) as also استطلق. (TA.) And تطلّقت الخَيْلُ The horses went [or ran] a heat without restraining themselves, to the goal. (TA.) And, said of a horse, (tropical:) He staled after running. (AO, O, K.) Said of the face: see 1, latter half.

    انطلق

    7. انطلق, inf. n. اِنْطِلَاقٌ, of which the dim. is نُطَيْلِيقٌ, the conjunctive ا being rejected, so that it becomes نِطْلَاقٌ, (S, O,) [He was, or became, loosed from his bond: whence,] اِنْطِلَاقُ العِنَانِ [The rein's being let loose, or slackened,] is a phrase metonymically used to denote quickness in going along. (Har pp. 355-6.) [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) He (a captive loosed from his bond) went his way: (Msb:) or [simply] he went away, or departed: (S, Mgh, O, K:) or he went removing from his place. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Thus in the Kur [lxxvii. 29], اِنْطَلِقُوا إِلى مَا كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ (assumed tropical:) [Depart ye to that in which ye disbelieved]; (TA;) meaning to the punishment: (Bd, Jel:) or, accord. to IAth, [it seems to mean go ye away quickly into the lowest depth of misery or affliction; for he says, app. in explanation of this verse of the Kur, that] الاِنْطِلَاقُ means سُرْعَةُ الذَّهَابِ فِى أَصْلِ المِحْنَةِ. (TA.) And one says also, انطلق يَفْعَلُ كَذَا (tropical:) He went away doing, or to do, such a thing. (TA.) وَٱنْطَلَقَ ٱلْمَلَأُ مِنْهُمْ أَنِ ٱمْشُوا [in the Kur xxxviii. 5 may be expl. in a similar manner; أَن being here used in the place of يَقُولُونَ: or this] means [And the chief persons of them] broke forth, or launched forth, with their tongues, [saying,] Go ye on, or continue ye, in your course of action &c. (Mughnee, voce أَنْ.) And one says, اُنْطُلِقَ بِهِ, (S, O, K,) meaning He, or it, was taken away; (K;) like as one says, اُنْقُطِعَ بِهِ. (S, O.) [انطلق لِسَانُهُ means (assumed tropical:) His tongue was, or became, free from impediment; and hence, eloquent, or chaste in speech. See an ex. in the Kur xxvi. 12: and see also طَلُقَ لِسَانُهُ.] انطلق said of the face: see 1, latter half, in two places.

    مَا تَطَّلِقُ نَفْسِى لِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ

    8. مَا تَطَّلِقُ نَفْسِى لِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ, (S, O, K, *) of the measure تَفْتَعِلُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. اِطِّلَاقٌ, of which the dim. is طُتَيْلِيقٌ, the [latter] ط being changed [back] into ت because the former ط becomes movent, (S, O,) (assumed tropical:) My mind does not become free from straitness [for, or with respect to, this thing, or affair]. (S, O, K. *)

    اِسْتِطلَاقٌ

    10. اِسْتِطلَاقٌ [primarily signifies The desiring to be loosed, unbound, set loose or free, and let go]: its dim. is تُطَيْلِيقٌ. (S, O.) [Hence,] استطلق بَطْنُهُ (assumed tropical:) His belly [or bowels] became [unbound,] loosened, or relaxed; (Msb, TA;) or became moved; (S, O, K, TA;) and the contents thereof came forth. (TA.) Said of a gazelle, i. q. تطلّق, q. v. (TA.) [It is also trans., as such primarily signifying The desiring a person or thing to be loosed, unbound, set loose or free, and let go. Hence,] one says, استطلق الرَّاعِى نَاقَةً لِنَفْسِهِ (S, O) [meaning The pastor desired a she-camel to be left, or he left a she-camel, for himself, not milking her at the water; as is plainly indicated by what immediately precedes it in the S: or] the pastor took, (PS,) or retained, [which is virtually the same,] a she-camel for himself. (PS, TA.) And اِسْتَطْلَقْتُ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [I desired. or demanded, of the creditor, the remission of so much of the debt]. (Msb.) See also 4, former half.

    طَلْقٌ

    طَلْقٌ [Loosed from his bond, set loose or free, or], as expl. by IAar, let go; as also طَلِيقٌ and مُطْلَقٌ: and a man not having anything upon him, as expl. by Ks: and طَلْقُ اليَدَيْنِ a camel not having the fore legs bound. (TA.) You say, حُبِسَ طَلْقًا, (so in the CK,) or طَلَقًا, (K accord. to the TA, [and this is agreeable with the preceding context in the K, but it requires confirmation which I do not find,]) and with damm, [i. e. طُلْقًا,] accord. to the K, but correctly with two dammehs, [i. e. طُلُقًا,] (TA, and thus in the S,) He was imprisoned without shackle and without bond. (K, TA) See also طُلُقٌ, first sentence. [Hence,] طَلْقُ اللِّسَانِ, and طَلِيقُ اللسان, (S, O, Msb, K,) and اللسان طِلْقُ, (K,) and اللسان طُلَقُ, (TA,) (tropical:) Eloquent, or chaste, in speech, and sweet therein: (Msb:) and اللِّسَانِ مُنْطَلِقُ and مُتَطَلِّقُهُ (tropical:) [free from impediment of the tongue; or] eloquent, or chaste in speech. (TA.) And لِسَانٌ طَلْقٌ ذَلْقٌ, and ذَلِيقٌ, طَلِيقٌ, and ذُلُقٌ طُلُقٌ, and ذُلَقٌ طُلَقٌ, (S, O, K,) but the last two of these were unknown to As, and the latter of them was disallowed by IAar, (TA,) and ذَلِقٌ طَلِقٌ, (O, K,) [expl. in the K as meaning A tongue having sharpness; but correctly] meaning (tropical:) a tongue free from impediment, or eloquent, or chaste in speech, (ذُو ٱنْطِلَاقٍ,) and sharp. (O, TA.) And طَلْقُ اليَدَيْنِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and اليدين طُلُقُ, (O, K,) and اليدين طُلْقُ, (O, TA,) and اليدين طَلِيقُ, (L, TA,) (tropical:) Liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) applied to a man: (S, Mgh, O, Msb:) and in like manner, a woman: (TA:) [or] a woman is termed طَلْقَةُ اليَدَيْنِ: (S:) and so, accord to AZ, طَلْقُ الوَجْهِ; which [generally] has another meaning, expl. in what follows. (TA.) And يَدُهُ طَلْقٌ (tropical:) His hand is liberal; syn. بِسْطٌ; (TA in art. بسط;) and so مُطْلَقَةٌ: (S and K and TA in that art.:) or the latter signifies opened; and so مَطْلُوقَةٌ. (TA in the present art.) And طَلْقُ الوَجْهِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and الوجه طِلْقُ, (IAar, O, K,) and طُلْقُ الوجه, (IAar, K,) and الوجه طَلِقُ, (K,) and الوجه طَلِيقُ, (S, O, K,) (tropical:) Laughing, or happy, or cheerful, and bright, in the face, or countenance: (K, TA:) or cheerful, or happy, displaying openness and pleasantness, in the face; and so طَلْقٌ alone: (Msb:) and الوجه طَلِيقُ open and pleasant, and goodly, in countenance: (AZ, TA:) and طَلِيقٌ alone, joyful, and open or cheer- ful, in countenance. (TA. [And it is there said that the pl. of طَلْقٌ is طَلْقَات: but this is app. a mistranscription for طُلْقَانٌ or طِلْقَانٌ.]) أُوْجُهٌ طَوَالِقُ is not allowable, except in poetry. (IAar, TA.) And يَوْمٌ طَلْقٌ, (Lth, S, Mgh, O, K,) and لَيْلَةٌ طَلْقَةٌ (Lth, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and طَلْقٌ, (O, Msb, K,) (tropical:) A day, and a night, in which is neither heat nor cold: (Lth, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or in which is no cold nor anything hurtful: (S:) or in which is no rain: or in which is no wind: or in which the cold is mild: (TA: [after which is added, من ايام طَلْقات: but the last word seems, as in an instance before mentioned, to be mistranscribed, or ايام (i. e. أَيَّام) may be a mistake for لَيَالٍ:]) or لَيْلَةٌ طَلْقٌ means a night in which is no cold: (AA, TA:) or in which the wind is still: (O, TA:) and لَيْلَةٌ طَلْقَةٌ sometimes means a moon-lit, or a light, or bright, night: (IDrd, O, TA:) and one says also لَيْلَةٌ طَالِقَةٌ, (K, TA,) meaning a still, or calm, and light, or bright, night: (TA:) and لَيَالٍ طَوَالِقُ, (K, * TA,) meaning pleasant nights in which is neither heat nor cold. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, meaning يَوْمِ لَيْلَةٍ طَلْقَةٍ [And when the sun came upon him, or it,] in a day of a night in which was neither cold nor wind; i. e., in a day after such a night; for the Arabs commence with the night, before the day: and the phrase فِى يَوْمِ طَلْقَةٍ occurs in like manner in a verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh. (Az, TA.) For the epithet طَلْقُ اليَدِ اليُمْنَى, (applied to a horse, accord. to the K,) see طُلُقٌ. And for other meanings assigned in the K to طَلْقٌ, see طُلُقٌ, in two places. طَلْقٌ signifies also The pain of childbirth. (S, O.) One says, ضَرَبَهَا الطَّلْقُ [The pain of childbirth smote her]. (O.) [See also طُلِقَت, of which it is the inf. n.] And [it is said to signify] A sort of medicine. (S.) See طَلَقٌ, latter half, in two places.

    طُلْقُ اليَدَيْنِ

    طُلْقُ اليَدَيْنِ: and طُلْقُ الوَجْهِ: see the next preceding paragraph.

    طِلْقُ اللِّسَانِ

    طِلْقُ اللِّسَانِ: and طِلْقُ الوَجْهِ: see طَلْقٌ. طِلْقٌ signifies also (tropical:) Lawful, allowable, or free: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA:) or it signifies, (Msb, TA,) or signifies also, (Mgh,) مُطْلَقٌ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) [i. e.] a thing unrestricted, (TA,) i. e. any affair in which one has power, or authority, to act according to his own judgment or discretion or free will. (Msb.) One says, هٰذَا حَلَالٌ طِلْقٌ (tropical:) [This is lawful, &c., unrestricted; using the latter epithet as a corroborative]: and [in the contr. case] حَرَامٌ غِلْقٌ. (TA.) And هُوَ لَكَ طِلْقًا (tropical:) [It is thine lawfully &c.]. (S, O, K, TA.) And اِفْعَلْ هٰذَا طِلْقًا لَكَ (assumed tropical:) Do thou this as a thing lawful &c. to thee. (Msb.) And أَعْطَيْتُهُ مِنْ طِلْقِ مَالِى (assumed tropical:) I gave him of what was lawful &c., i. e. free to be disposed of by me, of my property: (Msb:) or (tropical:) of what was clear [from any claim or the like], and good, or lawful, of my property. (TA.) And الخَيْلُ طِلْقٌ, occurring in a trad. as meaning (tropical:) Horses are allowable to be betted upon. (TA.) And أَنْتَ طِلْقٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) Thou art clear of this affair; (S, O, K, * TA; *) quit of it, or irresponsible for it. (K, TA.) [In consequence of a misplacement in some copies of the K, several meanings belonging to طَلَقٌ are assigned to طِلْقٌ.] See also طَلَقٌ, latter half.

    طَلَقٌ

    طَلَقٌ: see طَلْقٌ, second sentence. Also the subst. from طَلَقَتِ الإِبِلُ: (AZ, S, TA: [see 1, second sentence:]) and [as such] signifying The journeying [of camels] during the night to arrive at the water in the next night, there being two nights between them and the water; the first of which nights is termed الطَّلَقُ [or لَيْلَةُ الطَّلَقِ (see حَوْزٌ)]; the pastor loosing them to repair to the water, [in the CK يَجْلِبُها is put for يُخَلِّيهَا,] and leaving them to pasture while going thither: the camels after the driving, during the first night, are said to be طَوَالِقُ; and in the second night, قَوَارِبُ: (S, O, K, TA:) or الطَّلَقُ signifies the first of two days intervening between the camels and the water; and القَرَبُ, the second: and لَيْلَةُ الطَّلَقِ, the night in which the faces of the camels are turned towards the water and during which they are left to pasture; and لَيْلَةُ القَرَبِ, the second night: (As, TA:) but it has been said that لَيْلَةُ الطَّلَقِ means the second of the nights in which the camels repair to the water: Th says that الطَّلَقُ signifies the second of two days during which the camels seek the water when it is two days distant from them; and القَرَبُ, the first of those days: and it is said that لَيْلَةُ الطَّلَقِ means [the night of] the turning of the faces of the camels towards the water: but this explanation was not pleasing to ISd. (TA.) [See an ex. voce حَوْزٌ, in which it is used tropically.] Also A heat; i. e. a single run, or run at once, to a goal, or limit; syn. شَوْطٌ; (S, IAth, O, Msb, K, TA;) meaning a running, of a horse, without restraining himself, [or without stopping,] to a goal, or limit: (Msb:) and the utmost extent to which a horse runs. (TA.) One says of a horse, عَدَا طَلَقًا or طَلَقَيْنِ [He ran a heat or two heats]. (S, O, Msb, K. [In the CK, erroneously, طَلْقًا and طَلْقَيْنِ.]) And (hence, TA) (tropical:) A share, or portion, (Ibn-'Abbád, A, O, K, TA,) of property [&c.]. (A, TA.) Also A shackle, or pair of shackles, (قَيْدٌ,) of skins: (S, M, O, K, TA:) or a rope strongly twisted, so that it will stand up. (TA.) And sing. of أَطْلَاقٌ which signifies The [intestines into which the food passes from the stomach, termed the] أَمْعَآء, or the أَقْتَاب of the belly; (IDrd, O, K; * [in some copies of the last of which, القُنْبُ is erroneously put for القِتْبُ as one of the words explaining الطَّلَقُ;]) so in one or more of the dialects: AO says, in the belly are أَطْلَاق, of which the sing. is طَلَقٌ; (O, TA;) meaning the lines, or streaks, (طَرَائِق,) of the belly: and طَلَقُ البَطْنِ is also expl. [in like manner] as meaning the جُدَّة of the belly; pl. as above. (TA.) Also The [plant called] شُبْرُم: [but what plant is meant by this is doubtful:] or a plant that is used in dyes: or this is a mistake: (K:) [or] accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, الطَّلْقُ is what is used in dyes; and is said to be the شُبْرُم: (O, TA: *) and (K) accord. to As, (O,) طَلَقٌ signifies a sort of medicament, (O, K,) which, when one is anointed therewith, (K,) i. e. with the extract thereof, (TA,) prevents the burning of fire: (K:) or a species of plant: so says As: (O:) the appellation by which it is generally known is طَلْق, with the ل quiescent; (O, K;) or this pronunciation is incorrect: (K:) and AHát mentions, (K, TA,) on the authority of As, (TA,) its being termed طِلْقٌ: (K, TA:) but it is not a plant: it is of the nature of stones, and of [what are termed] لِخَاف [thin white stones]; and probably he [referring to As] heard that it is called كَوْكَبُ الأَرْضِ, and therefore supposed it to be a plant; for if it were a plant, fire would burn it; but fire does not burn it, unless by means of artful contrivances: (O, TA:) the word is arabicized, from تَلَكْ: (K, TA: in the O written تِلك:) [it is the well-known mineral termed talc:] the Ra-ees [Ibn-Seenà, whom we call “ Avicenna, ”] says, (TA,) it is a brightlyshining stone, that separates, when it is bruised, into several laminæ and split pieces, of which are made مَضَاوِى [correctly مَضَاوِئ, meaning small circular panes which are inserted in apertures to admit light,] for the [cupolas of] hot baths, instead of glass: the best is that of El-Yemen; then that of India; then that of El-Undulus [or El-Andalus]: the art employed in dissolving it consists in putting it into a piece of rag with some pebbles and immersing it in tepid water, then moving it about gently until it becomes dissolved and comes forth from the piece of rag into the water, whereupon the water is strained from it, and it is put in the sun to dry. (K, TA.)

    طَلِقٌ ذَلِقٌ

    طَلِقٌ ذَلِقٌ: and طَلِقُ الوَجْهِ: see طَلْقٌ.

    Lane, Arabic-English Lexiconread Lane's entry online ↗
Technical definitions8 · Ibn ʿArabī’s Iṣṭilāḥ, al-Jurjānī’s Taʿrīfāt
  • الدائمة المطلقة

    هي التي حكم فيها بدوام ثبوت المحمول للموضوع، أو بدوام سلبه عنه، ما دام ذات الموضوع موجودا، مثال الإيجاب كقولنا: دائما كل إنسان حيوان، فقد حكمنا فيها بدوام ثبوت الحيوانية للإنسان ما دام ذاته موجودا، ومثال السلب: دائما لا شيء من الإنسان بحجر؛ فإن الحكم فيها بدوام سلب الحجرية عن الإنسان ما دام ذاته موجودا.

    Al-dā'ima al-muṭlaqa (الدائمة المطلقة) [the absolute perpetual proposition]: this is [a proposition] in which it is judged that the predicate perpetually holds true of the subject, or that it is perpetually negated of it, for as long as the essence of the subject exists. An example of affirmation is our saying: 'Always, every human is an animal' — here we have judged that animality perpetually holds true of the human as long as his essence exists. An example of negation: 'Always, no human is a stone' — for the judgment here is that stoneness is perpetually negated of the human as long as his essence exists.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 2110 ↗

  • الطلاق

    هو في اللغة إزالة القيد والتخلية، وفي الشرع: إزالة ملك النكاح.

    Al-ṭalāq (الطلاق) [divorce]: linguistically it is the removal of a restraint and the setting free; in [Islamic] law it is the removal of the tie of marriage.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 2816 ↗

  • طلاق البدعة

    هو أن يطلقها ثلاثا بكلمة واحدة في طهر واحد.

    Ṭalāq al-bid'a (طلاق البدعة) [innovated/reprehensible divorce]: this is when a man divorces his wife three times with a single utterance during a single period of ritual purity.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 2817 ↗

  • طلاق السنة

    هو أن يطلقها الرجل ثلاثا في ثلاثة أطهار.

    Ṭalāq al-sunna (طلاق السنة) [sunna-conforming divorce]: this is when a man divorces his wife three times over three [separate] periods of ritual purity.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 2818 ↗

  • طلاق الأحسن

    هو أن يطلقها الرجل واحدة في طهر لم يجامعها ويتركها من غير إيقاع طلقة أخرى حتى تنقضي عدتها.

    Ṭalāq al-aḥsan (طلاق الأحسن) [the most excellent divorce]: this is when a man divorces his wife with a single pronouncement during a period of purity in which he has not had intercourse with her, and leaves her without pronouncing another divorce until her waiting period ('idda) has expired.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 2820 ↗

  • الماء المطلق

    هو الذي بقي على أصل خلقته ولم تخالطه نجاسة، ولم يغلب عليه شيء طاهر.

    Al-mā' al-muṭlaq (الماء المطلق) [absolute/unrestricted water]: this is water that has remained in its original created state, has not been mixed with impurity, and has not been predominated over by any pure substance [that alters its nature].

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 3886 ↗

  • المطلق

    ما يدل على واحد غير معين.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 4405 ↗

  • المطلقة العامة

    هي التي حكم فيها بثبوت المحمول للموضوع، أو سلبه عنه بالفعل، أما الإيجاب فكقولنا: كل إنسان متنفس الإطلاق العام. وأما السلب فكقولنا: لا شيء من الإنسان بمتنفس بالإطلاق العام.

    al-Jurjānī, al-Taʿrīfāt, line 4406 ↗

The same three letters in all six orders. Choose one.

ط ل ق

الطاء واللام والقاف أصل صحيح مطرد واحد وهو يدل على التخلية والإرسال

ṭ-l-q: one sound, consistent root, indicating release and letting go.

Ibn Fāris ↗Lisān ↗Lane ↗al-Khalīl: used ↗Quran ×23

an entry in Ibn Fārislater sources onlyin none of them

Do these six share one core meaning?

About thisal-Khalīl, Ibn Jinnī, Ibn Fāris; the counts across the dictionary

al-Khalīl (d. c. 170/786), Kitāb al-ʿAyn, as transmitted by al-Layth: a two-letter word “turns in two ways”, a three-letter word “in six ways” (masdūsa), four letters in 24, five in 120; “its used forms are written down and its unused ones dropped” (line 975 ↗). The dictionary is built on this: each chapter takes a set of letters and names which orders are used (mustaʿmal) and which unused (muhmal). The ring shows that verdict, from the chapter heading as edited (documented in the text; how much of the book is al-Khalīl's own is disputed).

A reported total. al-Suyūṭī transmits, from Ḥamza al-Iṣfahānī, that al-Khalīl put the possible forms, used and unused, of two to five letters at 12,305,412 (al-Muzhir, line 1347 ↗). It is reported, not found in the ʿAyn. It equals exactly the arrangements of 2 to 5 different letters out of 28 (756 + 19,656 + 491,400 + 11,793,600); the breakdown printed beside it is corrupt, and al-Zubaydī's count, given next, differs (6,659,400).

Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), al-Khaṣāʾiṣ, names the greater derivation (al-ishtiqāq al-akbar): bind a three-letter root and its six orders to one meaning, and bring stray members back “by the subtlety of the craft and interpretation” (line 7536 ↗). He says himself that it does not hold for every root (line 167 ↗; line 7603 ↗).

Ibn Fāris (d. 395/1004) gives each root its own aṣl and treats a rearranged word as maqlūb, “turned round”, and so not a root of its own: “j-b-dh is not a root, because it is a single word, turned round” (Maqāyīs, line 6147 ↗). The ring sets his aṣl for each order side by side; whether they meet is the question.

Neighbours on the ring differ by one swap of two letters.

The critique. A source quoted by al-Suyūṭī calls the greater derivation Ibn Jinnī's innovation, “not relied on in the language” (al-Muzhir, line 6159 ↗).

The other axis. The root's letters also go into patterns that keep their order and change the frame: the patterns (awzān) and the verb Forms I–X.

Across Ibn Fāris's dictionary. Of the 2,300 possible sets of three different sound letters (no hamza, w or y), 1,021 have at least one order as an entry. How many of their six orders are entries:

Ibn Fāris, entries found (1,021 letter-sets)
  1. 1 of 6319
  2. 2 of 6218
  3. 3 of 6164
  4. 4 of 6155
  5. 5 of 6107
  6. 6 of 658
al-Khalīl, orders his headings call used (746 letter-sets)
  1. 1 of 6148
  2. 2 of 6108
  3. 3 of 6157
  4. 4 of 6179
  5. 5 of 6111
  6. 6 of 643

Of the orders al-Khalīl calls used, 2,097 are entries in Ibn Fāris and 267 are not; 17 that he calls unused are entries in Ibn Fāris.

Our computation from the OpenITI texts; heading detection can miss entries

Attested here means found in our digital texts (Ibn Fāris, Lisān al-ʿArab, Lane, the Quranic Arabic Corpus), with w and y kept apart and hamza spellings merged; it is our data, not a classical verdict. English beside the Arabic is AI translation. Sources and grades: docs/research/root-permutations.md.

How each letter is made, in brief, from Sībawayh's and Ibn Jinnī's own sentences (linked); their words are under Reference.

How it is madeSībawayh and Ibn Jinnī · phonetics

English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic

ط

ومما بين طرف اللسان وأصول الثنايا مخرج الطاء، والدال، والتاء

From between the tip of the tongue and the roots of the front teeth is the place of the ṭāʾ, the dāl and the tāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26559 ↗

ومما بين طرف اللسان وأصول الثنايا، مخرج الطاء والدال والتاء

From between the tip of the tongue and the roots of the front teeth is the place of the ṭāʾ, the dāl and the tāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 982 ↗

ل

ومن حافة اللسان من أدناها إلى منتهى طرف اللسان، من بينها وبين ما يليها من الحنك الأعلى، مما فويق الضاحك والناب والرباعية والثنية، مخرج اللام

From the edge of the tongue, from its nearest part to the end of its tip, between it and the upper palate next to it, just above the premolar, the canine, the lateral and the central incisor, is the place of the lām. Ibn Jinnī, lines 977–978 ↗

ق

ومن أقصى اللسان وما فوقه من الحنك الأعلى مخرج القاف

From the furthest part of the tongue and the upper palate above it is the place of the qāf. Sībawayh, line 26550 ↗

ومما فوق ذلك من أقصى اللسان، مخرج القاف

From above that, at the furthest part of the tongue, is the place of the qāf. Ibn Jinnī, line 972 ↗

Sībawayh, al-Kitāb (ed. Hārūn) and Ibn Jinnī, Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb; OpenITI digital texts (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full credits on each letter's page.

In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics

English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic

ط

Level of existence: السماء السادسة · the sixth heaven

Divine Name: المحصي · the Enumerator (al-Muḥṣī)

Lunar mansion: الزبانا · al-Zubānā

Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64680

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗

المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة

The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.

Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582

ل

Level of existence: السماء الثالثة · the third heaven

Divine Name: القاهر · the Subduer (al-Qāhir)

Lunar mansion: العوا · al-ʿAwwā

Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64654

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 7 line 2576 ↗

منها دون الألف فطبعها الحرارة واليبوسة

[Zāy and lām] of it, excluding alif: their nature is heat and dryness.

Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2577

ق

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗

المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة

The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.

Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582
Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac

English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic

ط

فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي جنسه طاهر وصاف إلى النهاية، وهو في ذاته أيضا طاهر صاف إلى النهاية.

It is an indication of the thing whose genus is pure and clear to the utmost, and which is also, in itself, pure and clear to the utmost.

فهي إشارة إلى الخبيث إلى النهاية عكس الأول.

It is an indication of what is foul to the utmost, the reverse of the first.

فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي من طبعه السكون أو أمر بالسكون.

It is an indication of the thing whose nature is stillness, or which has been commanded to be still.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī

ل

فهي حصول المتكلم على شيء عظيم، وتكون إشارة إلى شيء عظيم.

It is the speaker's attaining of something great, and it serves as an indication of something great.

فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي لا نهاية له.

It is an indication of the thing that has no end.

فهي إشارة من المتكلم إلى وجود ذاته أو إلى ذاته.

It is an indication by the speaker of the existence of his self, or of his self.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī

ق

فهي إشارة إلى حيازة الخيرات أو إلى جميع الأنوار.

It is an indication of the acquisition of goods, or of all lights.

فهي إشارة إلى النشأة الأصلية أو العلم القديم وما أشبه ذلك.

It is an indication of the original creation, or eternal knowledge, and the like.

فهي إشارة إلى الذل.

It is an indication of abasement.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī
Two-letter nucleus7 roots in Ibn Fāris’s chapterط ل

Ibn Fāris groups his roots under two-letter chapters (“the X and the Y and what makes them three”). These are the roots of this root's chapter with the core sense he gives each. Setting them side by side is our juxtaposition; he does not himself draw a shared meaning. His chapter heading, line 18054 ↗

  • طلمالطاء واللام والميم أصل صحيح وهو ضرب الشيء ببسط الشيء المبسوط مثال ذلك الطلم وهو ضربك خبزة الملة بيدك تنفض ما عليها من الرماد وما أقرب ما بين الطلم واL18055
  • طلهالطاء واللام والهاء ليس عندي بأصل يفرع منه ولا قياسه بذلك الصحيح لكنهم يقولون طله في البلاد إذا ذهب يطله طلها ويقولون الطلهة القليل من الكلام ويقال الL18061
  • طلىالطاء واللام والحرف المعتل أصلان صحيحان أحدهما يدل على لطخ شيء بشيء والآخر على شيء صغير كالولد للشيءL18064
  • طلخالطاء واللام والخاء ليس بشيء وذكروا فيه كلمة كأنها مقلوبةL18094
  • طلسالطاء واللام والسين أصل صحيح كأنه يدل على ملاسةL18096
  • طلفالطاء واللام والفاء أصل صحيح يدل على إهانة الشيء وطرحه ثم يحمل عليه فالطلف الهدر من الدماء وكل شيء لم يطلب فهو هدرL18117
  • طلقالطاء واللام والقاف أصل صحيح مطرد واحد وهو يدل على التخلية والإرسالQ 23 · L18124
In the sister scriptsHebrew ט ל קSyriac ܛ ܠ ܩ
Arabicط ل ق
Hebrewט ל ק
Syriacܛ ܠ ܩ
Ancient South Arabian (musnad)𐩷 𐩡 𐩤
Phoenician𐤈 𐤋 𐤒

Letter for letter, by the regular sound correspondences of the Semitic languages (Arabic keeps several sounds the others merged). This shows how the root would be spelled; whether a related word exists is a separate question, answered in the Semitic lens. Where an Arabic sibilant (s, sh) continues two older sounds, both spellings are shown.

  • Classical lexiconAl-Khalīl centers the root on release: al-ṭalāq is takhliyat sabīlihā, 'freeing her path' (of a wife), the ṭāliq she-camel is one let loose to graze unhobbled, the ṭalīq is a captive freed from his bond, and ṭalq also names the pangs of childbirth.well attested

    The lexicographers in chronological order, from al-Khalīl to Lane.

    Al-Khalīl centers the root on release: al-ṭalāq is takhliyat sabīlihā, 'freeing her path' (of a wife), the ṭāliq she-camel is one let loose to graze unhobbled, the ṭalīq is a captive freed from his bond, and ṭalq also names the pangs of childbirth. Al-Jawharī broadens the physical sense of 'unimpeded' into character and speech — ṭalq al-wajh (open-faced), ṭalq al-lisān (fluent-tongued), yawm ṭalq (a day free of harshness) — while keeping ṭalq as both birth-pang and a leather fetter-cord, and citing 'the horse ran a ṭalaq' for an unbroken stretch of a race. Ibn Fāris crystallizes the single meaning as al-takhliya wa'l-irsāl, release and setting free, deriving inṭalaqa (to set off), aṭlaqa/ṭallaqa (to release a hobbled animal or a wife), ṭalq as 'the lawful thing' (as if released from restriction), and ṭalq al-wajh as 'released,' opposite of bāsir, 'constricted, frowning.' Al-Rāghib specifies the marital sense as metaphor from the literal takhliya min al-wathāq, release from a fetter — a wife who is ṭāliq is 'released from the bond of marriage' — and works through Q2:228–230 and Q65:1 to distinguish revocable from irrevocable divorce. Ibn Manẓūr and Lane converge on the physical root sense: ṭalaqat al-nāqa, the she-camel was loosed from the cord binding her fore-shank and arm, alongside ṭalq as labor-pain, confirming the semantic unity of 'loosing a bond' across both the birth and marriage usages.

    Draws on: cayn · sihah · Ibn Fāris · mufradat · lisan · Lane

    • al-Rāghib, al-Mufradāt, s.v. طلق
    • Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon, s.v. طلق
  • Letters & soundAl-Dabbāgh assigns ṭāʾ (fatḥa) the sense of the utterly pure and clear, both in genus and in itself;speculative

    What the theorists of sound symbolism would say of these letters. Speculative by nature.

    Al-Dabbāgh assigns ṭāʾ (fatḥa) the sense of the utterly pure and clear, both in genus and in itself; lām, as before, the attaining of something great; and qāf the acquisition of goods, or of lights generally. Ibn ʿArabī's table (akbari198) places ṭāʾ at the sixth heaven and lām at the third. One could read ṭalāq/iṭlāq suggestively as 'the clear and unmixed' (ṭ) 'attainment' (l) 'of what is acquired or released as a good' (q) — a release rendered pure and clarified — but this is offered only as a resonance among these theorists' own frameworks, not as an explanation mainstream linguistics would accept.

    Draws on: dabbagh_fatha · akbari198

    • al-Dabbāgh, letter-meanings (fatḥa table)
    • Ibn ʿArabī, letters and the heavens (akbari198)
  • Root structureIbn Fāris places ṭalaqa among the ṭā-lām chapter beside ṭalam ('striking a flat thing with a flat thing'), ṭalā/ṭalaw ('smearing' or 'a young animal'), ṭalas ('smoothness'), and ṭalaf ('discarding, disowning a thing as worthless, hence unclaimed blood');plausible

    The two-letter nucleus (Ibn Fāris's own chapters) and the permutations of the letters (Ibn Jinnī).

    Ibn Fāris places ṭalaqa among the ṭā-lām chapter beside ṭalam ('striking a flat thing with a flat thing'), ṭalā/ṭalaw ('smearing' or 'a young animal'), ṭalas ('smoothness'), and ṭalaf ('discarding, disowning a thing as worthless, hence unclaimed blood'); he explicitly rejects ṭalah and ṭalakh as sound roots. Ṭalaf's sense of releasing a claim as valueless sits close to ṭalaq's release of a bond, and ṭalas's 'smoothness' echoes the 'unimpeded' extension seen in ṭalq al-wajh — a resonance across the ṭ-l chapter, offered as juxtaposition only. Among the letter-permutations, ṭalaq (attested, 23 occurrences, 'release') stands beside laqaṭ (attested, 2 occurrences, 'to pick up what one comes upon on the ground without having sought it') and qaṭal ('to cut off'); Ibn Jinnī's greater derivation might notice that release, picking-up, and cutting-off all share a substrate of separation — a thing coming loose from its prior attachment — though this remains speculative association rather than demonstrated etymology.

    Draws on: maqayis nucleusSiblings · permutations

  • Semitic kin & loanwordsSyriac ṭlaq is attested in the sense 'to perish, be lost, be annihilated' — a semantic distance from Arabic 'to release, set loose' that makes the cognate relationship uncertain rather than confident;uncertain

    Cognates in the sister languages, and whether the word was borrowed.

    Syriac ṭlaq is attested in the sense 'to perish, be lost, be annihilated' — a semantic distance from Arabic 'to release, set loose' that makes the cognate relationship uncertain rather than confident; both could descend from a shared notion of 'to be gone, to depart from a prior state,' with Arabic specializing toward deliberate release and Aramaic toward irrecoverable loss. No confident Hebrew, Akkadian, or Geʿez cognate is evident for this root. There is no indication that Arabic ṭalaqa is a loanword; it behaves as inherited Semitic vocabulary.

    Draws on: CAL

    • Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, s.v. ṭlq
  • Quranic exegesisIn the legal verses (Q2:227–230, Q65:1) al-Ṭabarī reads al-ṭalāq marratān as two separate, each-time-revocable repudiations preceding a third that is final, and explains fa-ṭalliqūhunna li-ʿiddatihinna via the Prophet's instruction to Ibn ʿUmar to divorce at the start of a clean period (ṭuhr) rather than during menstruation.well attested

    How the classical exegetes read the word in the Quran.

    In the legal verses (Q2:227–230, Q65:1) al-Ṭabarī reads al-ṭalāq marratān as two separate, each-time-revocable repudiations preceding a third that is final, and explains fa-ṭalliqūhunna li-ʿiddatihinna via the Prophet's instruction to Ibn ʿUmar to divorce at the start of a clean period (ṭuhr) rather than during menstruation. Al-Zamakhsharī keeps the etymological sense of takhliya, 'release,' visible beneath the legal term, and distinguishes rajʿī (revocable) from bāʾin (irrevocable) divorce across Q2:228's wa'l-muṭallaqāt and the following verses; al-Rāghib similarly separates the general address to both kinds of divorcee in Q2:228 from the husband's specific priority of return in the revocable case. Al-Rāzī treats the graduated threefold structure of divorce, and the muḥallil condition of Q2:230 (ḥattā tankiḥa zawjan ghayrahu) after the third, as a deliberate check against hasty repudiation. Elsewhere, inṭalaqa (Q18:71, 74) is read by the exegetes simply as narrative motion — Moses and Khiḍr 'setting off' or 'going on' — carrying none of the legal freight of ṭalāq.

    Draws on: Quran · mufradat

  • Akbarian readingIn the Fuṣūṣ excerpt supplied, Ibn ʿArabī writes that 'we do not claim what we are not verified in and do not truly possess, by restriction (taqyīd) — so how could we let a claim run unrestricted (nuṭliq fī al-daʿwā) and generalize it to what is not our actual state, nor something we know?' Here the form-IV verb nuṭliq functions technically as the antonym of taqyīd, 'restriction, qualification': to 'iṭlāq' a claim is to make it unrestricted or absolute, extending it beyond one's actual verified station.plausible

    The word in Ibn ʿArabī's text and terminology.

    In the Fuṣūṣ excerpt supplied, Ibn ʿArabī writes that 'we do not claim what we are not verified in and do not truly possess, by restriction (taqyīd) — so how could we let a claim run unrestricted (nuṭliq fī al-daʿwā) and generalize it to what is not our actual state, nor something we know?' Here the form-IV verb nuṭliq functions technically as the antonym of taqyīd, 'restriction, qualification': to 'iṭlāq' a claim is to make it unrestricted or absolute, extending it beyond one's actual verified station. This usage matches the well-known Akbarian polarity of muṭlaq (unrestricted, absolute) versus muqayyad (restricted, qualified) — most famously applied to al-wujūd al-muṭlaq, unrestricted Being — though no formal Iṣṭilāḥ definition of the term is present in the data given here, so the connection to that larger doctrine is drawn from usage rather than from an explicit definition.

    Draws on: inFassAdam

    • Ibn ʿArabī, Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam, prologue
Neighbouring rootsThe roots that share letters with this one, as a map you can open out