Root · 0 in the Quran · 1 in 1 text of the library
فلت (root flt)
الفاء واللام والتاء كلمة صحيحة تدل على تخلص في سرعه
Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-lugha
The family of the root
Patterns computed · our dataThe words of ف ل ت that our sources attest: the root's letters in green, the added letters in gold.
17 words6 verbs3 verbal nouns1 participle3 intensives and elatives4 other nouns
- فَلَتescape
- فَالَتَhe came upon him suddenly, at unawares, or unexpectedly, with it
- أَفْلَتَhe, or it, escaped
- اِفْتَلَتَhe took it quickly, or hastily
- فَلَتَانstrong, sturdy, hard, or hardy
The whole family5 groups, by pattern; tap a pattern to see what it does
Verbs6فَلَتَ · فَالَتَ · أَفْلَتَ
The root as an action: the bare Form I, and the Forms made by adding letters before, inside or after the root.grammar →
Form I vowels: فَعَلَ (a; the imperfect from the Quranic Arabic Corpus)
Verbal nouns3إِفْلَات · فَلْت · مُفَالَتَة
The action itself, named as a noun (maṣdar).grammar →
Participles1مُنْفَلِت
The one who does it, and the one it is done to.grammar →
- مُنْفَلِتactive, Form VIILane
Intensives, qualities and the elative3فَلَتَان · فَلُوت · فِلْتَان
The quality carried far, held as a trait, or compared.grammar →
Reference
Why this shape?What each of the 11 patterns does
What each pattern does. The pattern gives a tendency, not a rule: many words have drifted into meanings of their own.
The pattern machinePour the root into a pattern; see whether the word exists
Choose a pattern; the root's letters pour into it. Then see whether the word exists in our sources. The machine makes shapes; only usage makes words.
Not in our sources. A possible shape, not a word we can show: the Quran, the library and Lane do not have it for this root.
Place noun with -a. The place noun with the feminine -a. Sometimes it is only a variant of mafʿal; often it names the place where a thing is found in abundance (maʾsada, 'a place full of lions'). So maktab is the place of writing, and maktaba, where writings are gathered: a library, a bookshop. Our summary AI
But: maktaba is not in our classical dictionaries for k-t-b: Lane and al-Jawharī give maktab ('a school'), none gives maktaba. Its sense of 'library, bookshop' fits the pattern of abundance, but that is our reading of the pattern, not a classical entry. Many mafʿala words are single items of usage (maqbara 'cemetery'), which the grammarians call heard, not formed by rule.
The grammarians on this pattern (4)
ما يكون مفعلة لازمة لها الهاء والفتحة … وذلك إذا أردت أن تكثر الشيء بالمكان، وذلك قولك: أرض مسبعة، ومأسدة
Chapter on what is mafʿala, with the -a and the a-vowel always: that is when you mean that a thing abounds in a place, as you say 'a land of many beasts of prey (masbaʿa), of many lions (maʾsada)' AI
Sībawayh (d. c. 180/796), al-Kitāb, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn, 3rd ed. (Cairo: al-Khānjī, 1988), 4:94 · OpenITI line 21027–21028 ↗ · on this site · OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
و نحو المظنة و المقبرة فتحا و ضما ليس بقياس
and words like maẓinna and maqbara (with a or u) are not by rule AI
Ibn al-Ḥājib (d. 646/1249), al-Shāfiya fī ʿilm al-taṣrīf, ed. Ḥasan Aḥmad al-ʿUthmān (Mecca: al-Maktaba al-Makkiyya, 1995), 1:30 · OpenITI line 223 ↗ · on this site · OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
- “designate the place where the object signified by the noun from which they are formed, is found in large numbers or quantities” Wright, Grammar I, §247, p. 148 ↗ · on nouns of abundance, maf'ala · 3rd ed. (Cambridge, 1896) · public domain
- “Nouns of time and place not unfrequently take the feminine form” Wright, Grammar I, §225, p. 128 ↗ · on maf'ala as a variant of maf'al · 3rd ed. (Cambridge, 1896) · public domain
About thisWhat “attested” means here; the sources
Attested means found in our data: the Quranic Arabic Corpus (lemmas, verb Forms, participles, verbal nouns, plurals), the library's words (automatic analysis), Lane's Lexicon (his headwords, the Forms he numbers, the verbal nouns and plurals he names) and Ibn Fāris's entry. Nothing is generated for this list. Meanings are Lane's first gloss in his entry, or else the analyser's gloss (“auto”). Vowelling follows the corpus, then Lane, then the analyser; verbs are given in the regular perfect. Lane's Lexicon thins out after qāf, and a few of his entries cover several roots at once: those roots show no Lane. The patterns, written with ف ع ل, are computed by us.
The dictionaries
Ibn Fāris · 395الفاء واللام والتاء كلمة صحيحة تدل على تخلص في سرعه يقال أفلت يفلت وكان ذلك الأمر فلتة إذا لم يكن عن تدبر ولا رأي ولا تردد ويقال تفلت إلى هذا الأمر كأنه نازع إليه وفرس فلتان نشيط حديد الفؤاد وثوب فلوت لا ينضم طرفاه على ل
Ibn Fāris (d. 395/1004), Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Seeks each root's original sense (aṣl).
Letters & sound
- فfāʾlower lip and upper teeth · voiceless, continuantSīb. · I. Jinnī
- لlāmedge of the tongue · voiced, in betweenI. Jinnī
- تtāʾtongue-tip, roots of the teeth · voiceless, stopSīb. · I. Jinnī
How each letter is made, in brief, from Sībawayh's and Ibn Jinnī's own sentences (linked); their words are under Reference.
Sharing two of its three letters (computed; kinship of form, not of meaning)
Reference
How it is madeSībawayh and Ibn Jinnī · phonetics
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ف
ومن باطن الشفة السفلى وأطراف الثنايا العلى مخرج الفاء
From the inside of the lower lip and the edges of the upper front teeth is the place of the fāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26562 ↗
ومن باطن الشفة السفلى وأطراف الثنايا العلى، مخرج الفاء
From the inside of the lower lip and the edges of the upper front teeth is the place of the fāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 985 ↗
ل
ومن حافة اللسان من أدناها إلى منتهى طرف اللسان، من بينها وبين ما يليها من الحنك الأعلى، مما فويق الضاحك والناب والرباعية والثنية، مخرج اللام
From the edge of the tongue, from its nearest part to the end of its tip, between it and the upper palate next to it, just above the premolar, the canine, the lateral and the central incisor, is the place of the lām. Ibn Jinnī, lines 977–978 ↗
ت
ومما بين طرف اللسان وأصول الثنايا مخرج الطاء، والدال، والتاء
From between the tip of the tongue and the roots of the front teeth is the place of the ṭāʾ, the dāl and the tāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26559 ↗
ومما بين طرف اللسان وأصول الثنايا، مخرج الطاء والدال والتاء
From between the tip of the tongue and the roots of the front teeth is the place of the ṭāʾ, the dāl and the tāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 982 ↗
Sībawayh, al-Kitāb (ed. Hārūn) and Ibn Jinnī, Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb; OpenITI digital texts (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full credits on each letter's page.
In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ف
Level of existence: الملائكة · the angels
Divine Name: القوى · the Strong (al-Qawī)
Lunar mansion: سعد الأخبية · Saʿd al-Akhbiya
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 65823Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582ل
Level of existence: السماء الثالثة · the third heaven
Divine Name: القاهر · the Subduer (al-Qāhir)
Lunar mansion: العوا · al-ʿAwwā
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64654Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 7 line 2576 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
منها دون الألف فطبعها الحرارة واليبوسة
[Zāy and lām] of it, excluding alif: their nature is heat and dryness.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2577ت
Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ف
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي لنفي الخبث بعد ما كان جنسه معلوما بالخبث، فهي إشارة إلى أنه طاهر وجنسه خبيث، والخبث مثل المعاصي وما أشبهها.
It is for negating foulness in something whose genus is known for foulness. It thus indicates that the thing is pure while its genus is foul; foulness being like sins and the like.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي لتزويل الخبث.
It is for removing foulness.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة إلى الذات وما احتوت عليه، وفي بعض الأحيان قد يكون معها التقليل.
It is an indication of the self and what it contains; at times it may carry a sense of diminution.
ل
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي حصول المتكلم على شيء عظيم، وتكون إشارة إلى شيء عظيم.
It is the speaker's attaining of something great, and it serves as an indication of something great.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي لا نهاية له.
It is an indication of the thing that has no end.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة من المتكلم إلى وجود ذاته أو إلى ذاته.
It is an indication by the speaker of the existence of his self, or of his self.
ت
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي اسم للخير الكثير العظيم.
It is a name for abundant, great good.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي اسم للقليل البارز.
It is a name for the small, protruding/manifest thing.
With kasra ـِ
فهي اسم لما صنع وأبرز.
It is a name for what has been made and brought forth.
Two-letter nucleus13 roots in Ibn Fāris’s chapterف ل
Ibn Fāris groups his roots under two-letter chapters (“the X and the Y and what makes them three”). These are the roots of this root's chapter with the core sense he gives each. Setting them side by side is our juxtaposition; he does not himself draw a shared meaning. His chapter heading, line 24398 ↗
- فلمالفاء واللام والميم كلمة يقولون الفيلم العظيم من الرجال وفي ذكر الدجال رأيته فيلمانيا وقال الشاعر — ويحمى المضاف إذا ما دعا … إذا فر ذو اللمة الفيلم …L24399
- فلنالفاء واللام والنون كناية عن كل أحد ورخمه أبو النجم فقال — في لجة أمسك فلانا عن فل … هذا في الناس فإن كان في غيرهم قيل ركبت الفلانة والفرس الفلانQ 1 · L24402
- فلوالفاء واللام والحرف المعتل كلمة صحيحة فيها ثلاث كلمات التربية والتفتيش والأرض الخالية فالتربية فلوت المهر إذا ربيتهL24405
- فلتالفاء واللام والتاء كلمة صحيحة تدل على تخلص في سرعهL24413
- فلجالفاء واللام والجيم أصلان صحيحان يدل أحدهما على فوز وغلبة والآخر على فرجة بين الشيئين المتساويينL24419
- فلحالفاء واللام والحاء أصلان صحيحان أحدهما يدل على شق والآخر على فوز وبقاءQ 40 · L24437
- فلزالفاء واللام والزاء ليس فيه شيء إلا أنهم يقولون الفلز خبث الحديد ينفيه الكيرL24453
- فلسالفاء واللام والسين كلمة واحدة وهي الفلس معروف والجمع فلوس ويقولون أفلس الرجلL24454
- فلصالفاء واللام والصاد ليس فيه شيء لكنهم يقولون الانفلاص التفلت وفلصت الشيء من الشيء خلصته وهذا إن صح فإنما هو من الإبدال والأصل الميمL24456
- فلطالفاء واللام والطاء ليس بأصل لأنه من باب الإبدال والأصل الراء ويقولون أفلطه الأمر فاجأه وتكلم فلان فلاطا إذا فاجأ بقوله والأصل الراء فرط وقد ذكر في باL24459
- فلعالفاء واللام والعين كلمة واحدة تدل على شق الشيء تقول فلعت الشىء شققته وتفلعت البيضة وانفلعتL24461
- فلقالفاء واللام والقاف أصل صحيح يدل على فرجة وبينونة في الشيء وعلى تعظيم شيءQ 4 · L24463
- فلكالفاء واللام والكاف أصل صحيح يدل على استدارة في شيءQ 25 · L24474
In the sister scriptsHebrew פ ל תSyriac ܦ ܠ ܬ
| Arabic | ف ل ت |
| Hebrew | פ ל ת |
| Syriac | ܦ ܠ ܬ |
| Ancient South Arabian (musnad) | 𐩰 𐩡 𐩩 |
| Phoenician | 𐤐 𐤋 𐤕 |
Letter for letter, by the regular sound correspondences of the Semitic languages (Arabic keeps several sounds the others merged). This shows how the root would be spelled; whether a related word exists is a separate question, answered in the Semitic lens. Where an Arabic sibilant (s, sh) continues two older sounds, both spellings are shown.
Reference