قضيa sound root denoting the firm settling of a matter, its perfecting, and its execution … (root qdy)

Qaḍā yaqḍī qaḍā'an wa-qaḍiyyatan (قضى يقضي قضاء وقضية) means: he judged/decreed. And qaḍā ilayhi ʿahdan (قضى إليه عهدا) means: he charged him with a covenant/testament; from this is His saying: 'wa-qaḍaynā ilā banī isrā'īla' (وقضينا إلى بني إسرائيل) [Quran, ref. marked «1»]. And His saying: 'fa-lammā qaḍaynā ʿalayhi al-mawt' (فلما قضينا عليه الموت) [Quran, ref. marked «2»], i.e., it came [to him]. And inqaḍā (انقضى) the thing, and taqaḍḍā (تقضى), mean: it perished and passed away. He [the poet] said: 'The nights of time pass away (taqaḍḍā) while people are demolishers... / and it is gone — one who has decreed (muqḍī), and a judge (qāḍī), and one who cuts short (muqriḍ) So woe to him who did not build good for himself / and woe to people who built and then tore down (qawwaḍū)' [ref. marked «3»] Al-qāḍiyah (القاضية): death which comes suddenly, executing [its decree] straightaway. And qaḍā al-siqā' qaḍan (قضى السقاء قضا), so it is qaḍḍ (قض): when it is left for a long time in a place and thereby becomes spoiled and worn out.

Al-Umawī [said]: qaḍi'tu al-shay' aqḍa'u qaḍa'an (قضئت الشيء أقضأ قضأ): I ate it. Wa aqḍa'tu al-rajula (أقضأت الرجل): I fed him. Abū Zayd [said]: one says qaḍi'at al-qirbah taqḍa'u qaḍa'an (قضئت القربة تقضأ قضأ), with vowel motion (بالتحريك): it rotted and crumbled/fell apart. And it is called a qaḍi'ah waterskin (قربة قضئة). And the garment yaqḍa'u (يقضأ) [wears out] from long exposure to dampness and folding. And 'mā ʿalayka fī hādhā al-amr qaḍ'ah' (ما عليك في هذا الأمر قضأة), with ḍammah, on the pattern of muḍghah (مضغة), meaning: disgrace. 'So-and-so married into a qaḍ'ah (قضأة).' 'In his eye there is a qaḍ'ah (قضأة)' meaning corruption/defect. 'In his lineage there is a qaḍ'ah (قضأة)' meaning fault. The poet said: 'Salmā reproaches me though it is no qaḍ'ah (قضأة) / and if you were of Salmā's [people] you would branch off from Dārim' And Salmā is a clan of Dārim. (qamā') (قمأ): Abū Zayd [said]: qami'at al-māshiyah taqma'u qumū'an wa-qumū'atan (قمأت الماشية تقمأ قموءا وقموءة), when the livestock became fat. And qamu'a al-rajulu (قمؤ الرجل), with ḍammah — qamā'atan wa-qamā'ah (قماء وقماءة): he became qamī' (قميء). And it [qamī'] means: the small, the abased. And aqma'tuhu (أقمأته): I made him small, I abased him — so it [qamī'] is on the pattern faʿīl. Wa aqma'a al-qawmu (أقمأ القوم), meaning: their camels became fat. Wa aqma'anī al-shay' (أقمأني الشيء): the thing pleased/amazed me. Wa taqamma'tu al-shay' (تقمأت الشيء): I gathered it little by little. The poet said: 'I have decreed (qaḍayta), so do not mock foolishly / at what you have gathered bit by bit (taqamma'tahu) of pleasure and freshness' And ʿAmr ibn Qumay'ah (قميئة), the poet, on the pattern faʿīlah.

The qāf, ḍād, and the weak letter form a sound root indicating the firm execution and perfection of a matter, carrying it out to its end. Allah Most High said: 'fa-qaḍāhunna sabʿa samāwātin fī yawmayni' (فقضاهن سبع سماوات في يومين) — i.e., He perfected/completed their creation. Then Abū Dhu'ayb said: 'And upon them both were two chain-mails which... Dāwūd fashioned (qaḍāhumā) / or the maker of complete coats of mail, Tubbaʿ' And al-qaḍā' (القضاء) is judgment/ruling. Allah, Glorified, said concerning one who said: 'faqḍi mā anta qāḍin' (فاقض ما أنت قاض) — i.e., do and decree. For this reason the judge is called qāḍī (قاضي), because he issues and carries out judgments. And death (al-manīyah) was named qaḍā' (قضاء) because it is a matter that is carried out upon the son of Adam and other creatures. Al-Ḥārith ibn Ḥillizah said: 'And eighty of Tamīm, by whose hands / were spears — their breasts [met by] al-qaḍā'' i.e., death. And every word in this chapter runs according to the analogy (qiyās) we have mentioned; but when hamzated, the meaning changes: they say al-qaḍā'ah (القضاءة) [meaning] blemish; one says: 'mā ʿalayka minhu qaḍ'ah' (ما عليك منه قضأة) [there is no blemish upon you from it], and 'fī ʿaynihi qaḍ'ah' (في عينه قضأة) means corruption/defect.

Al-qaḍā' (القضاء): the settling of a matter, whether by speech or by act, and each of these is of two kinds: divine and human. As for divine speech, His saying: 'wa-qaḍā rabbuka allā taʿbudū illā iyyāhu' (وقضى ربك ألا تعبدوا إلا إياه) [al-Isrā' 17:23], i.e., He commanded that. And He said: 'wa-qaḍaynā ilā banī isrā'īla fī al-kitābi' (وقضينا إلى بني إسرائيل في الكتاب) [al-Isrā' 17:4] — this is qaḍā' by way of informing and settling a decree, i.e., We informed them and revealed to them a decisive revelation. And on this basis: 'wa-qaḍaynā ilayhi dhālika al-amra anna dābira hā'ulā'i maqṭūʿun' (وقضينا إليه ذلك الأمر أن دابر هؤلاء مقطوع) [al-Ḥijr 15:66]. And of the divine act is His saying: 'wallāhu yaqḍī bi-l-ḥaqqi wa-lladhīna yadʿūna min dūnihi lā yaqḍūna bi-shay'in' (والله يقضي بالحق والذين يدعون من دونه لا يقضون بشيء) [Ghāfir 40:20], and His saying: 'fa-qaḍāhunna sabʿa samāwātin fī yawmayni' (فقضاهن سبع سماوات في يومين) [Fuṣṣilat 41:12], referring to His originating creation and completing it, like: 'badīʿu al-samāwāti wa-l-arḍi' (بديع السماوات والأرض) [al-Baqarah 2:117]. And His saying: 'wa-lawlā kalimatun sabaqat min rabbika ilā ajalin musammā la-quḍiya baynahum' (ولولا كلمة سبقت من ربك إلى أجل مسمى لقضي بينهم) [al-Shūrā 42:14], i.e., it would have been settled/decided. Of human speech, one says: 'the judge decided (qaḍā) such-and-such,' for the ruler's judgment is by speech. Of human action: 'fa-idhā qaḍaytum manāsikakum' (فإذا قضيتم مناسككم) [al-Baqarah 2:200]; 'thumma li-yaqḍū tafathahum wa-l-yūfū nudhūrahum' (ثم ليقضوا تفثهم وليوفوا نذورهم) [al-Ḥajj 22:29]. And He Most High said: 'qāla dhālika baynī wa-baynaka ayyamā al-ajalayni qaḍaytu fa-lā ʿudwāna ʿalayya' (قال ذلك بيني وبينك أيما الأجلين قضيت فلا عدوان علي) [al-Qaṣaṣ 28:28]. And He said: 'fa-lammā qaḍā zaydun minhā waṭaran' (فلما قضى زيد منها وطرا) [al-Aḥzāb 33:37]. And He said: 'thumma-qḍū ilayya wa-lā tunẓirūn' (ثم اقضوا إلي ولا تنظرون) [Yūnus 10:71], i.e., finish your affair with me. And His saying: 'fa-qḍi mā anta qāḍin' (فاقض ما أنت قاض) [Ṭā Hā 20:72]; 'innamā taqḍī hādhihi al-ḥayāta al-dunyā' (إنما تقضي هذه الحياة الدنيا) [Ṭā Hā 20:72]. And the saying of the poet: [entry continues]

Qaḍi'a al-siqā' wa-l-qirbah yaqḍa'u qaḍa'an fa-huwa qaḍi' (قضئ السقاء والقربة يقضأ قضأ فهو قضئ): it became spoiled, rotted, and worn out/crumbled — that being when it is folded up while still moist. A qaḍi'ah waterskin (قربة قضئة): it became spoiled and rotted. Qaḍi'at ʿaynuhu taqḍa'u qaḍa'an (قضئت عينه تقضأ قضأ), so it is qaḍi'ah (قضئة): it became reddened, its corners became slack, it became inflamed and diseased. Al-qaḍ'ah (القضأة): the noun [of this]. 'Fīhā qaḍ'ah' (فيها قضأة), i.e., corruption. And in the ḥadīth of the li'ān (mutual imprecation): 'If she brings him forth qaḍi' al-ʿayn (قضئ العين), he belongs to Hilāl,' meaning: defective of eye. And qaḍi'a al-thawb wa-l-ḥabl (قضئ الثوب والحبل): the garment or rope wore out, tore, and rotted from prolonged dampness and folding. It is also said: a rope is qaḍi' when it has been long buried in the ground until it becomes shredded. And qaḍi'a ḥasabuhu qaḍa'an wa-qaḍā'atan (قضئ حسبه قضأ وقضاءة), with lengthening, wa-quḍū'an (وقضوءا): his lineage/honor became blemished and corrupted. 'Fīhi qaḍ'ah wa-qaḍ'ah' (فيه قضأة وقضأة), i.e., fault and corruption. The poet said: 'Salmā reproaches me, though it is no qaḍ'ah (قضأة) / and if you were of Salmā's [people] you would branch off from Dārim' And Salmā is a clan of Dārim. And you say: 'mā ʿalayka fī hādhā al-amr qaḍ'ah' (ما عليك في هذا الأمر قضأة), like qaḍʿah (قضعة), with ḍammah, meaning: disgrace and lowliness. And it is said of a man who marries beneath his social rank: 'nakaḥa fī qaḍ'ah' (نكح في قضأة). Ibn Buzurj said: they say: 'innahum la-yataqaḍḍa'ūna minhu an yuzawwijūhu' (إنهم ليتقضؤون منه أن يزوجوه), meaning: they regard his lineage as base, [derived] from al-qaḍ'ah. And qaḍi'a al-shay' yaqḍa'uhu qaḍ'an (قضئ الشيء يقضؤه قضأ), with sukūn, on the authority of Kurāʿ: he ate it. And aqḍa'a al-rajul (أقضأ الرجل): he fed him. And it is [also] said: rather it is afḍa'ahu (أفضأه), with fā'.