Atlas
About this atlas
The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.
أبو القاسم السندوسي
Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī)
In the Baṭāʾiḥī chain
Sources for this person
The chain up to the Prophet
Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.
Route 1 of 3, the best-sourced: Rifāʿiyya. Tap a rule to read its basis, sources and checks.
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings, not in Rifāʿiyya
read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · Two independent sources
Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 3917-3922Checked against
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L148 · agreesListed among the first ṭabaqa, those who read to the Messenger of God.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L156-L159 · agreesRijāl of ʿĀṣim: al-Sulamī took from ʿAlī, among others, from the Prophet.
ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661one sourcein Rifāʿiyyaomits: the Imams from al-Ḥusayn to ʿAlī al-Riḍā, Maʿrūf al-Karkhī, Sarī al-Saqaṭī (Trimingham App. A chart).
initiation · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · One source
TDV's Rifāʿī silsila ends at ʿAlī through al-Junayd (the order's own account as TDV reports it; both chains share this step).
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L1956-1958 · agreesThe Baghdad lines go back through al-Junayd to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī and Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
- Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 · agreesAppendix A chart: ʿAlī, then the Imams to al-Riḍā, Maʿrūf, Sarī, al-Junayd.
al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909two sourcesin Rifāʿiyyasources differ
companionship (ṣuḥba) · al-Junayd al-Baghdādī to Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: Junayd → Ruwaym.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (summaries in this reader), pp. 105–108 · agreesJāmī: Ruwaym presented himself as Junayd's pupil, though a companion and peer (Anṣārī puts him ahead of Junayd).
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (summaries in this reader), pp. 89–92 · agreesJāmī lists Ruwaym among those who trace themselves to al-Junayd.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Jāmī (Nafaḥāt, pp. 105–108): Ruwaym is called a companion and peer of al-Junayd, though he presented himself as his pupil; Anṣārī ranks him above al-Junayd.Jami, Nafahat al-uns
Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādīأبو محمد رويم البغداديthe community's own accountin Rifāʿiyya
initiation · Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādī to Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī) · The community's own account
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: Ruwaym → al-Sundūsī.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13846-13850 · silentTrimingham's Manṣūr chains do not name al-Sundūsī.
Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī)أبو القاسم السندوسي
Other routes (2)
Route 2 of 3: Rifāʿiyya
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya
companionship (ṣuḥba) · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources
TDV: Sarī was the teacher of al-Junayd.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'Checked against
- al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
- al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
- al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909two sourcesin Rifāʿiyyasources differ
companionship (ṣuḥba) · al-Junayd al-Baghdādī to Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: Junayd → Ruwaym.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (summaries in this reader), pp. 105–108 · agreesJāmī: Ruwaym presented himself as Junayd's pupil, though a companion and peer (Anṣārī puts him ahead of Junayd).
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (summaries in this reader), pp. 89–92 · agreesJāmī lists Ruwaym among those who trace themselves to al-Junayd.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Jāmī (Nafaḥāt, pp. 105–108): Ruwaym is called a companion and peer of al-Junayd, though he presented himself as his pupil; Anṣārī ranks him above al-Junayd.Jami, Nafahat al-uns
Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādīأبو محمد رويم البغداديthe community's own accountin Rifāʿiyya
initiation · Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādī to Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī) · The community's own account
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: Ruwaym → al-Sundūsī.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13846-13850 · silentTrimingham's Manṣūr chains do not name al-Sundūsī.
Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī)أبو القاسم السندوسي
Route 3 of 3: Rifāʿiyya
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya
companionship (ṣuḥba) · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources
TDV: Sarī was the teacher of al-Junayd.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'Checked against
- al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
- al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
- al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909two sourcesin Rifāʿiyyasources differ
companionship (ṣuḥba) · al-Junayd al-Baghdādī to Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: Junayd → Ruwaym.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (summaries in this reader), pp. 105–108 · agreesJāmī: Ruwaym presented himself as Junayd's pupil, though a companion and peer (Anṣārī puts him ahead of Junayd).
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (summaries in this reader), pp. 89–92 · agreesJāmī lists Ruwaym among those who trace themselves to al-Junayd.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Jāmī (Nafaḥāt, pp. 105–108): Ruwaym is called a companion and peer of al-Junayd, though he presented himself as his pupil; Anṣārī ranks him above al-Junayd.Jami, Nafahat al-uns
Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādīأبو محمد رويم البغداديthe community's own accountin Rifāʿiyya
initiation · Abū Muḥammad Ruwaym al-Baghdādī to Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī) · The community's own account
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: Ruwaym → al-Sundūsī.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13846-13850 · silentTrimingham's Manṣūr chains do not name al-Sundūsī.
Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī)أبو القاسم السندوسي
How to read the marks
- Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
- One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
- The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
- A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
- The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
- A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).
Who received from Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī)
1 recorded, each with the chain set it belongs to.
- Abū ʿAlī al-Karmazīأبو علي الكرمزي
the community's own accountin Rifāʿiyya
initiation · Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī) to Abū ʿAlī al-Karmazī · The community's own account
Chain via Aḥmad's uncle, as TDV gives it: al-Sundūsī → al-Karmazī.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'Checked against
- Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13846-13850 · silentTrimingham's Manṣūr chains do not name al-Karmazī.
How to cite
Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Abū l-Qāsim al-Sundūsī (al-Sundurūsī)”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/figure/abu-l-qasim-sundusi (data of 31 October 2026).