Atlas

Route 2 of 12: Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 7 names (3 not shown)
3. Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾīداود الطائي781
4. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)≠sources differ

   initiation · Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

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   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesDaqqāq's chain: Maʿrūf took the path from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L869 · agreesMaʿrūf 'accompanied Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī'.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 42-43 · agreesMaʿrūf kept company with Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L108803 · differsDhahabī on Maʿrūf: al-Sulamī says he accompanied Dāwūd, 'and it is not sound'.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar (entry Maʿrūf al-Karkhī): reports al-Sulamī's claim that Maʿrūf accompanied Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī and judges it unproven (lam yaṣiḥḥa).See checks
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 3 of 12: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 8 names (4 not shown)
3. Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾīداود الطائي781
4. ✓two sourcesin Qādiriyya≠sources differ

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · Two independent sources

   TDV Dāwūd: Maʿrūf was his most famous disciple.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Dâvûd et-Tâî'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

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   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesDaqqāq's chain: Maʿrūf took the path from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L869 · agreesMaʿrūf 'accompanied Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī'.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 42-43 · agreesMaʿrūf kept company with Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L108803 · differsDhahabī on Maʿrūf: al-Sulamī says he accompanied Dāwūd, 'and it is not sound'.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV Maʿrūf reports that Ibn Taymiyya and al-Dhahabī denied that Maʿrūf kept company with Dāwūd, and that some Shiʿi authors say they never met; TDV also notes that ʿAṭṭār and earlier sources record a meeting.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar (entry Maʿrūf al-Karkhī): reports al-Sulamī's claim that Maʿrūf accompanied Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī and judges it unproven (lam yaṣiḥḥa).See checks
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Qādiriyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī al-Saqaṭī was Maʿrūf's most prominent student.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Qādiriyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī was the teacher of al-Junayd.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

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   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 4 of 12: Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 8 names (4 not shown)
3. Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾīداود الطائي781
4. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)≠sources differ

   initiation · Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesDaqqāq's chain: Maʿrūf took the path from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L869 · agreesMaʿrūf 'accompanied Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī'.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 42-43 · agreesMaʿrūf kept company with Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L108803 · differsDhahabī on Maʿrūf: al-Sulamī says he accompanied Dāwūd, 'and it is not sound'.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar (entry Maʿrūf al-Karkhī): reports al-Sulamī's claim that Maʿrūf accompanied Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī and judges it unproven (lam yaṣiḥḥa).See checks
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 5 of 12: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 10 names (6 not shown)
3. ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818
4. ✓two sourcesin Qādiriyya≠sources differ

   initiation · ʿAlī al-Riḍā to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · Two independent sources

   TDV: sources report Maʿrūf converted at ʿAlī al-Riḍā's hands and became his doorkeeper; this is the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb'.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1823 · agreesMaʿrūf was a client (mawlā) of ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā; the sources read describe this as clientship, not a khirqa.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 42-43 · agreesMaʿrūf's father was client and doorkeeper of al-Riḍā.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13782 (App. A) · agreesSaid to have adopted Islam at al-Riḍā's hands.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV Maʿrūf: 'all sources' state that he became Muslim through ʿAlī al-Riḍā; the report that he was al-Riḍā's doorkeeper also appears in Sunni sources and is generally accepted in Shiʿi circles.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • TDV Maʿrūf reports that al-Dhahabī did not accept the doorkeeper report, suggesting the doorkeeper was another man named Maʿrūf; that Ibn Taymiyya held Maʿrūf never left Karkh and denied that he became Muslim through al-Riḍā or took a khirqa from him; and that some Shiʿi authors doubt the link because early Shiʿi ṭabaqāt works do not name him. TDV adds that sources do record Maʿrūf leaving Karkh.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • al-Qushayrī and Jāmī give clientship (mawlā / his father as doorkeeper), not an initiation; Trimingham: 'said to have adopted Islam at his hands'.See checks
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Qādiriyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī al-Saqaṭī was Maʿrūf's most prominent student.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Qādiriyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī was the teacher of al-Junayd.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 6 of 12: Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. the community's own accountin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · The community's own account

   The chain ends at ʿAlī; the step to the Prophet is the standard Sufi assumption and TDV does not spell it out.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Not yet checked against a further reference.

   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcein Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)≠sources differ

   gave the khirqa · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī · One source

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13745 (App. A) · differsEarliest silsilas run Hasan via Anas to the Prophet; ʿAlī is not mentioned in silsilas until the 5th/11th century.
   • TDV, 'Hasan-ı Basrî', hasan-i-basri · agreesRecords belief that al-Ḥasan received the khirqa from ʿAlī or Kumayl b. Ziyād (belief, not report).

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Aflākī's chain, as reported by TDV Mevleviyye, passes from ʿAlī to al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE
   • TDV Hasan-ı Basrî records the belief (inanılır) that al-Ḥasan received the khirqa from ʿAlī or from Kumayl b. Ziyād.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Hasan-ı Basrî'
   • Trimingham (App. A): the oldest silsilas (Ibn al-Nadīm; al-Qushayrī) do not name ʿAlī; he enters Sufi chains only in the 5th/11th century.See checks
   al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīالحسن البصري728
4. the community's own accountthis step is recorded in Suhrawardiyya, not in Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)omits: intermediaries the data does not name

   initiation · al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · The community's own account

   TDV: from Maʿrūf one line goes via al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, the other via the Ahl al-Bayt imams, to ʿAlī. Intermediates between al-Baṣrī and Maʿrūf are not named in this article. [omits: Ḥabīb al-ʿAjamī, Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī (or Farqad al-Sabakhī in Ibn al-Nadīm's chain)]

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

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   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13742 (App. A) · differsIbn al-Nadīm: Maʿrūf from Farqad al-Sabakhī from Ḥasan; Qushayrī: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd, no direct Ḥasan link.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · differsDaqqāq chain: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī, not directly from al-Ḥasan.
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

   initiation · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 7 of 12: Suhrawardiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. the community's own accountin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · The community's own account

   TDV states the chain reaches ʿAlī; the step from the Prophet is implied, not stated.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Not yet checked against a further reference.

   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcein Suhrawardiyya≠sources differ

   gave the khirqa · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī · One source

   TDV Sühreverdiyye: from Maʿrūf the chain reaches ʿAlī by two routes, one of which includes al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; no intermediate names are given.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13745 (App. A) · differsEarliest silsilas run Hasan via Anas to the Prophet; ʿAlī is not mentioned in silsilas until the 5th/11th century.
   • TDV, 'Hasan-ı Basrî', hasan-i-basri · agreesRecords belief that al-Ḥasan received the khirqa from ʿAlī or Kumayl b. Ziyād (belief, not report).

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • The other route runs through the Ahl al-Bayt imams, left unnamed in TDV.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'
   • Trimingham (App. A): the oldest silsilas (Ibn al-Nadīm; al-Qushayrī) do not name ʿAlī; he enters Sufi chains only in the 5th/11th century.See checks
   al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīالحسن البصري728
4. the community's own accountin Suhrawardiyyaomits: intermediaries the data does not name

   initiation · al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · The community's own account

   TDV: from Maʿrūf one line goes via al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, the other via the Ahl al-Bayt imams, to ʿAlī. Intermediates between al-Baṣrī and Maʿrūf are not named in this article. [omits: Ḥabīb al-ʿAjamī, Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī (or Farqad al-Sabakhī in Ibn al-Nadīm's chain)]

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13742 (App. A) · differsIbn al-Nadīm: Maʿrūf from Farqad al-Sabakhī from Ḥasan; Qushayrī: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd, no direct Ḥasan link.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · differsDaqqāq chain: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī, not directly from al-Ḥasan.
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: from Junayd the chain goes through Sarī al-Saqaṭī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: from Junayd the chain goes through Sarī al-Saqaṭī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 8 of 12: Suhrawardiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. the community's own accountin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · The community's own account

   TDV states the chain reaches ʿAlī; the step from the Prophet is implied, not stated.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Not yet checked against a further reference.

   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcethis step is recorded in Kubrawiyya, not in Suhrawardiyyaomits: al-Ḥusayn, ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad al-Bāqir, Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim (Trimingham App. A chart).

   initiation · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · One source

   Order's silsila runs from ʿAlī to Imām ʿAlī al-Riḍā (chain compressed by TDV).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13790-13813 · agreesAppendix A chart runs the ʿAlid line ʿAlī, al-Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā.
   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'KOBRAWIYA' (Hamid Algar), section i. The Eponym (no print volume shown; online ed. 2021) · silentArticle does not treat the ʿAlid imams as links in Kubrā's chain.
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818
4. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Suhrawardiyya≠sources differ

   initiation · ʿAlī al-Riḍā to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · Two independent sources

   TDV: sources report Maʿrūf converted at ʿAlī al-Riḍā's hands and became his doorkeeper; this is the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb'.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1823 · agreesMaʿrūf was a client (mawlā) of ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā; the sources read describe this as clientship, not a khirqa.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 42-43 · agreesMaʿrūf's father was client and doorkeeper of al-Riḍā.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13782 (App. A) · agreesSaid to have adopted Islam at al-Riḍā's hands.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV Maʿrūf: 'all sources' state that he became Muslim through ʿAlī al-Riḍā; the report that he was al-Riḍā's doorkeeper also appears in Sunni sources and is generally accepted in Shiʿi circles.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • TDV Maʿrūf reports that al-Dhahabī did not accept the doorkeeper report, suggesting the doorkeeper was another man named Maʿrūf; that Ibn Taymiyya held Maʿrūf never left Karkh and denied that he became Muslim through al-Riḍā or took a khirqa from him; and that some Shiʿi authors doubt the link because early Shiʿi ṭabaqāt works do not name him. TDV adds that sources do record Maʿrūf leaving Karkh.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • al-Qushayrī and Jāmī give clientship (mawlā / his father as doorkeeper), not an initiation; Trimingham: 'said to have adopted Islam at his hands'.See checks
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: from Junayd the chain goes through Sarī al-Saqaṭī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: from Junayd the chain goes through Sarī al-Saqaṭī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 9 of 12: Suhrawardiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 6 names (2 not shown)
3. al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīالحسن البصري728
4. the community's own accountin Suhrawardiyyaomits: intermediaries the data does not name

   initiation · al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · The community's own account

   TDV: from Maʿrūf one line goes via al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, the other via the Ahl al-Bayt imams, to ʿAlī. Intermediates between al-Baṣrī and Maʿrūf are not named in this article. [omits: Ḥabīb al-ʿAjamī, Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī (or Farqad al-Sabakhī in Ibn al-Nadīm's chain)]

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13742 (App. A) · differsIbn al-Nadīm: Maʿrūf from Farqad al-Sabakhī from Ḥasan; Qushayrī: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd, no direct Ḥasan link.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · differsDaqqāq chain: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī, not directly from al-Ḥasan.
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: from Junayd the chain goes through Sarī al-Saqaṭī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya

   initiation · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: from Junayd the chain goes through Sarī al-Saqaṭī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 10 of 12: Rifāʿiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings, not in Rifāʿiyya

   read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · Two independent sources

   Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).

   Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 3917-3922

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L148 · agreesListed among the first ṭabaqa, those who read to the Messenger of God.
   • al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L156-L159 · agreesRijāl of ʿĀṣim: al-Sulamī took from ʿAlī, among others, from the Prophet.
   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcein Rifāʿiyyaomits: the Imams from al-Ḥusayn to ʿAlī al-Riḍā, Maʿrūf al-Karkhī, Sarī al-Saqaṭī (Trimingham App. A chart).

   initiation · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · One source

   TDV's Rifāʿī silsila ends at ʿAlī through al-Junayd (the order's own account as TDV reports it; both chains share this step).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Rifâiyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L1956-1958 · agreesThe Baghdad lines go back through al-Junayd to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī and Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 · agreesAppendix A chart: ʿAlī, then the Imams to al-Riḍā, Maʿrūf, Sarī, al-Junayd.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 11 of 12: Rifāʿiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings, not in Rifāʿiyya

   read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · Two independent sources

   Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).

   Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 3917-3922

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L148 · agreesListed among the first ṭabaqa, those who read to the Messenger of God.
   • al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L156-L159 · agreesRijāl of ʿĀṣim: al-Sulamī took from ʿAlī, among others, from the Prophet.
   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcethis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya≠sources differ

   gave the khirqa · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī · One source

   TDV Hasan-ı Basrî: it is 'believed' (inanılır) that he received the khirqa from ʿAlī or from Kumayl b. Ziyād; TDV gives no sources or counter-arguments there.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Hasan-ı Basrî'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13745 (App. A) · differsEarliest silsilas run Hasan via Anas to the Prophet; ʿAlī is not mentioned in silsilas until the 5th/11th century.
   • TDV, 'Hasan-ı Basrî', hasan-i-basri · agreesRecords belief that al-Ḥasan received the khirqa from ʿAlī or Kumayl b. Ziyād (belief, not report).

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Chain 'ʿAlī, Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, Ḥabīb al-ʿAjamī, Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī, Maʿrūf' (silsile-i müzehheb) as transmitted by the order.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Habîb el-Acemî'
   • TDV Hasan-ı Basrî records the belief (inanılır) that al-Ḥasan received the khirqa from ʿAlī or from Kumayl b. Ziyād.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Hasan-ı Basrî'
   • Trimingham (App. A): the oldest silsilas (Ibn al-Nadīm; al-Qushayrī) do not name ʿAlī; he enters Sufi chains only in the 5th/11th century.See checks
   al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīالحسن البصري728
4. the community's own accountthis step is recorded in Suhrawardiyya, not in Rifāʿiyyaomits: intermediaries the data does not name

   initiation · al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · The community's own account

   TDV: from Maʿrūf one line goes via al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, the other via the Ahl al-Bayt imams, to ʿAlī. Intermediates between al-Baṣrī and Maʿrūf are not named in this article. [omits: Ḥabīb al-ʿAjamī, Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī (or Farqad al-Sabakhī in Ibn al-Nadīm's chain)]

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13742 (App. A) · differsIbn al-Nadīm: Maʿrūf from Farqad al-Sabakhī from Ḥasan; Qushayrī: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd, no direct Ḥasan link.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · differsDaqqāq chain: Maʿrūf from Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī, not directly from al-Ḥasan.
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī al-Saqaṭī was Maʿrūf's most prominent student.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī was the teacher of al-Junayd.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909

Route 12 of 12: Rifāʿiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings, not in Rifāʿiyya

   read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · Two independent sources

   Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).

   Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 3917-3922

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L148 · agreesListed among the first ṭabaqa, those who read to the Messenger of God.
   • al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L156-L159 · agreesRijāl of ʿĀṣim: al-Sulamī took from ʿAlī, among others, from the Prophet.
   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcethis step is recorded in Kubrawiyya, not in Rifāʿiyyaomits: al-Ḥusayn, ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad al-Bāqir, Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim (Trimingham App. A chart).

   initiation · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · One source

   Order's silsila runs from ʿAlī to Imām ʿAlī al-Riḍā (chain compressed by TDV).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13790-13813 · agreesAppendix A chart runs the ʿAlid line ʿAlī, al-Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā.
   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'KOBRAWIYA' (Hamid Algar), section i. The Eponym (no print volume shown; online ed. 2021) · silentArticle does not treat the ʿAlid imams as links in Kubrā's chain.
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818
4. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya≠sources differ

   initiation · ʿAlī al-Riḍā to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī · Two independent sources

   TDV: sources report Maʿrūf converted at ʿAlī al-Riḍā's hands and became his doorkeeper; this is the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb'.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1823 · agreesMaʿrūf was a client (mawlā) of ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā; the sources read describe this as clientship, not a khirqa.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 42-43 · agreesMaʿrūf's father was client and doorkeeper of al-Riḍā.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13782 (App. A) · agreesSaid to have adopted Islam at al-Riḍā's hands.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV Maʿrūf: 'all sources' state that he became Muslim through ʿAlī al-Riḍā; the report that he was al-Riḍā's doorkeeper also appears in Sunni sources and is generally accepted in Shiʿi circles.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • TDV Maʿrūf reports that al-Dhahabī did not accept the doorkeeper report, suggesting the doorkeeper was another man named Maʿrūf; that Ibn Taymiyya held Maʿrūf never left Karkh and denied that he became Muslim through al-Riḍā or took a khirqa from him; and that some Shiʿi authors doubt the link because early Shiʿi ṭabaqāt works do not name him. TDV adds that sources do record Maʿrūf leaving Karkh.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'
   • al-Qushayrī and Jāmī give clientship (mawlā / his father as doorkeeper), not an initiation; Trimingham: 'said to have adopted Islam at his hands'.See checks
   Maʿrūf al-Karkhīمعروف الكرخي815
5. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Maʿrūf al-Karkhī to Sarī al-Saqaṭī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī al-Saqaṭī was Maʿrūf's most prominent student.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L1838-1840 · agreesMaʿrūf was a teacher of Sarī al-Saqaṭī.
   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L462 · agreesSarī accompanied Maʿrūf al-Karkhī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 59-60 · agreesSarī a pupil of Maʿrūf.
   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13731-13735 (App. A) · agreesIbn al-Nadīm chain: Junayd from Sarī from Maʿrūf.
   Sarī al-Saqaṭīسري السقطي867
6. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qādiriyya, not in Rifāʿiyya

   companionship (ṣuḥba) · Sarī al-Saqaṭī to al-Junayd al-Baghdādī · Two independent sources

   TDV: Sarī was the teacher of al-Junayd.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Ma'rûf-i Kerhî'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Sulamī, Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya (OpenITI), 0412Sulami.TabaqatSufiyya.Shamela0006686BK1-ara1.mARkdown#L1592 · agreesJunayd accompanied al-Sarī al-Saqaṭī and al-Muḥāsibī.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), 0748Dhahabi.SiyarAclamNubala.Shamela0010906-ara1.mARkdown#L154129 · agreesJunayd heard from and accompanied Sarī.
   • al-Qushayrī, Risāla (Knysh trans.), risala.txt#L15058-15062 · agreesJunayd took the path from Sarī.
   • Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 89-92 · agreesSarī named among Junayd's companions.
   al-Junayd al-Baghdādīالجنيد البغدادي909