Atlas
About this atlas
The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.
فريد الدين مسعود گنج شكر
Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar
Died 664/1265 · Pakpattan
Great shaykh of the order
Sources for this person
The chain up to the Prophet
Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.
Route 1 of 3, the best-sourced: Chishtiyya (Chishti order). Tap a rule to read its basis, sources and checks.
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- ʿUthmān al-Hārūnīعثمان الهاروني1220
two sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)sources differ
gave the khirqa · ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī to Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain: ʿUthman al-Harūni is Muʿin al-Din's shaykh.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3985-3991 · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn served his master ʿUthmān Harvānī some twenty years.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn joined Khwāja ʿUthmān's group at Nishapur; link to the Chishti line rests 'on the tenuous link' of ʿUthmān alone.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Böwering (Iranica): Muʿīn al-Dīn's association with the Chishti tradition 'rests on the tenuous link of Ḵᵛāja ʿOṯmān alone'.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering)
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtīمعين الدين حسن چشتي1236one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī to Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī · One source
The order's traditional account; TDV does not name Bakhtiyar Kaki in the silsila (it calls the attributed divan doubtful).
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3992-4003 · agreesQutb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī became Muʿīn al-Dīn's khalifa in Delhi; Trimingham d. 633/1236, atlas 1228.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentNames Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī as an immigrant dervish at Delhi but gives no master.
Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākīقطب الدين بختيار كاكي1228one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī to Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar · One source
The order's traditional account via Wikipedia's list; not read in TDV.
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4005-4009 · agreesFarīd al-Dīn Masʿūd (1175-1265) one of Qutb al-Dīn's initiates.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentBābā Farīd is described but no master or teacher is named.
Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakarفريد الدين مسعود گنج شكر1265
Other routes (2)
Route 2 of 3: Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- ʿUthmān al-Hārūnīعثمان الهاروني1220
two sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)sources differ
gave the khirqa · ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī to Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain: ʿUthman al-Harūni is Muʿin al-Din's shaykh.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3985-3991 · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn served his master ʿUthmān Harvānī some twenty years.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn joined Khwāja ʿUthmān's group at Nishapur; link to the Chishti line rests 'on the tenuous link' of ʿUthmān alone.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Böwering (Iranica): Muʿīn al-Dīn's association with the Chishti tradition 'rests on the tenuous link of Ḵᵛāja ʿOṯmān alone'.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering)
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtīمعين الدين حسن چشتي1236one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī to Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī · One source
The order's traditional account; TDV does not name Bakhtiyar Kaki in the silsila (it calls the attributed divan doubtful).
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3992-4003 · agreesQutb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī became Muʿīn al-Dīn's khalifa in Delhi; Trimingham d. 633/1236, atlas 1228.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentNames Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī as an immigrant dervish at Delhi but gives no master.
Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākīقطب الدين بختيار كاكي1228one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī to Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar · One source
The order's traditional account via Wikipedia's list; not read in TDV.
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4005-4009 · agreesFarīd al-Dīn Masʿūd (1175-1265) one of Qutb al-Dīn's initiates.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentBābā Farīd is described but no master or teacher is named.
Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakarفريد الدين مسعود گنج شكر1265
Route 3 of 3: Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- ʿUthmān al-Hārūnīعثمان الهاروني1220
two sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)sources differ
gave the khirqa · ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī to Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain: ʿUthman al-Harūni is Muʿin al-Din's shaykh.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3985-3991 · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn served his master ʿUthmān Harvānī some twenty years.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn joined Khwāja ʿUthmān's group at Nishapur; link to the Chishti line rests 'on the tenuous link' of ʿUthmān alone.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Böwering (Iranica): Muʿīn al-Dīn's association with the Chishti tradition 'rests on the tenuous link of Ḵᵛāja ʿOṯmān alone'.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering)
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtīمعين الدين حسن چشتي1236one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī to Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī · One source
The order's traditional account; TDV does not name Bakhtiyar Kaki in the silsila (it calls the attributed divan doubtful).
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3992-4003 · agreesQutb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī became Muʿīn al-Dīn's khalifa in Delhi; Trimingham d. 633/1236, atlas 1228.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentNames Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī as an immigrant dervish at Delhi but gives no master.
Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākīقطب الدين بختيار كاكي1228one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī to Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar · One source
The order's traditional account via Wikipedia's list; not read in TDV.
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4005-4009 · agreesFarīd al-Dīn Masʿūd (1175-1265) one of Qutb al-Dīn's initiates.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentBābā Farīd is described but no master or teacher is named.
Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakarفريد الدين مسعود گنج شكر1265
How to read the marks
- Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
- One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
- The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
- A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
- The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
- A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).
Who received from Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar
2 recorded, each with the chain set it belongs to.
- Niẓām al-Dīn Awliyāنظام الدين أولياء1325
one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar to Niẓām al-Dīn Awliyā · One source
The order's traditional account; TDV places both in the age of the order's spread but does not state the link.
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesNiẓām al-Dīn became Bābā Farīd's disciple at Ajodhan (655) and, by a 'dubious' khilāfat-nāma, his successor (663).
- ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Aḥmad Ṣābirعلاء الدين علي بن أحمد صابر1291
the community's own accountin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar to ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Aḥmad Ṣābir · The community's own account
The order's traditional account of the Ṣābirī branch's origin; TDV names ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Ṣābir as founder without naming his master.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentṢābir is named as the founder of the Ṣābirī branch; no master is stated.
How to cite
Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i Shakar”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/figure/farid-al-din-ganj-i-shakar (data of 31 October 2026).