Atlas
About this atlas
The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.
صدر الدين محمد عارف
Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif
Multan
Son and chief successor of Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā
Sources for this person
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (2 entries)
The chain up to the Prophet
Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.
Route 1 of 3, the best-sourced: Suhrawardiyya. Tap a rule to read its basis, sources and checks.
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardīأبو النجيب السهروردي1168
two sourcesin Suhrawardiyyasources differ
companionship (ṣuḥba) · Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī to Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī · Two independent sources
TDV: his nephew, trained by him; the order is traced through both Shihāb al-Dīn and Abū l-Najīb. The Shihāb al-Dīn entry does not name who gave him the khirqa.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Ebü'n-Necîb (Reşat Öngören)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin (Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2084-2090 · agreesShihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar was Abū l-Najīb's nephew, trained in his ribat, d. 632/1234.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ʿAWĀREF AL-MAʿĀREF' (William C. Chittick), Vol. III, Fasc. 2, pp. 114-115 · agreesShehāb al-Dīn ʿUmar's paternal uncle and spiritual guide was Abu'l-Najīb ʿAbd al-Qāhir Sohravardī (d. 563/1168), founder of the order.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Some sources attribute the order to Abū l-Najīb himself; on that reading Ebheriyye and Kübreviyye would be Suhrawardī branches.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'
Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardīشهاب الدين عمر السهروردي1234two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya
gave the khirqa · Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī to Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānī · Two independent sources
TDV: Bahāʾ al-Dīn completed his sulūk in seventeen days at Shihāb al-Dīn's khānqāh in Baghdad and received ijāza. The entry does not use the word khirqa.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Bahâeddin Zekeriyyâ (Hamid Algar)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin (Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4022-4026 · agreesBahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā (1182-1268) a disciple of Shihāb al-Dīn, worked in Multan.
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānīبهاء الدين زكريا الملتاني1262two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya
family descent · Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānī to Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif · Two independent sources
TDV: Ṣadr al-Dīn, one of his seven sons, was his principal successor.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Bahâeddin Zekeriyyâ (Hamid Algar)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4026-4030 · agreesZakariyyā succeeded by his eldest son Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif (d. 1285).
Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrifصدر الدين محمد عارف
Other routes (2)
Route 2 of 3: Suhrawardiyya
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardīأبو النجيب السهروردي1168
two sourcesin Suhrawardiyyasources differ
companionship (ṣuḥba) · Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī to Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī · Two independent sources
TDV: his nephew, trained by him; the order is traced through both Shihāb al-Dīn and Abū l-Najīb. The Shihāb al-Dīn entry does not name who gave him the khirqa.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Ebü'n-Necîb (Reşat Öngören)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin (Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2084-2090 · agreesShihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar was Abū l-Najīb's nephew, trained in his ribat, d. 632/1234.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ʿAWĀREF AL-MAʿĀREF' (William C. Chittick), Vol. III, Fasc. 2, pp. 114-115 · agreesShehāb al-Dīn ʿUmar's paternal uncle and spiritual guide was Abu'l-Najīb ʿAbd al-Qāhir Sohravardī (d. 563/1168), founder of the order.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Some sources attribute the order to Abū l-Najīb himself; on that reading Ebheriyye and Kübreviyye would be Suhrawardī branches.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'
Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardīشهاب الدين عمر السهروردي1234two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya
gave the khirqa · Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī to Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānī · Two independent sources
TDV: Bahāʾ al-Dīn completed his sulūk in seventeen days at Shihāb al-Dīn's khānqāh in Baghdad and received ijāza. The entry does not use the word khirqa.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Bahâeddin Zekeriyyâ (Hamid Algar)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin (Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4022-4026 · agreesBahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā (1182-1268) a disciple of Shihāb al-Dīn, worked in Multan.
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānīبهاء الدين زكريا الملتاني1262two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya
family descent · Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānī to Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif · Two independent sources
TDV: Ṣadr al-Dīn, one of his seven sons, was his principal successor.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Bahâeddin Zekeriyyâ (Hamid Algar)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4026-4030 · agreesZakariyyā succeeded by his eldest son Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif (d. 1285).
Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrifصدر الدين محمد عارف
Route 3 of 3: Suhrawardiyya
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardīأبو النجيب السهروردي1168
two sourcesin Suhrawardiyyasources differ
companionship (ṣuḥba) · Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī to Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī · Two independent sources
TDV: his nephew, trained by him; the order is traced through both Shihāb al-Dīn and Abū l-Najīb. The Shihāb al-Dīn entry does not name who gave him the khirqa.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Ebü'n-Necîb (Reşat Öngören)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin (Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2084-2090 · agreesShihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar was Abū l-Najīb's nephew, trained in his ribat, d. 632/1234.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ʿAWĀREF AL-MAʿĀREF' (William C. Chittick), Vol. III, Fasc. 2, pp. 114-115 · agreesShehāb al-Dīn ʿUmar's paternal uncle and spiritual guide was Abu'l-Najīb ʿAbd al-Qāhir Sohravardī (d. 563/1168), founder of the order.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Some sources attribute the order to Abū l-Najīb himself; on that reading Ebheriyye and Kübreviyye would be Suhrawardī branches.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'
Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardīشهاب الدين عمر السهروردي1234two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya
gave the khirqa · Shihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī to Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānī · Two independent sources
TDV: Bahāʾ al-Dīn completed his sulūk in seventeen days at Shihāb al-Dīn's khānqāh in Baghdad and received ijāza. The entry does not use the word khirqa.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Bahâeddin Zekeriyyâ (Hamid Algar)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin (Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4022-4026 · agreesBahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā (1182-1268) a disciple of Shihāb al-Dīn, worked in Multan.
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānīبهاء الدين زكريا الملتاني1262two sourcesin Suhrawardiyya
family descent · Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zakariyyā al-Multānī to Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif · Two independent sources
TDV: Ṣadr al-Dīn, one of his seven sons, was his principal successor.
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Bahâeddin Zekeriyyâ (Hamid Algar)'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L4026-4030 · agreesZakariyyā succeeded by his eldest son Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif (d. 1285).
Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrifصدر الدين محمد عارف
How to read the marks
- Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
- One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
- The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
- A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
- The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
- A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).
Who received from Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif
1 recorded, each with the chain set it belongs to.
- Rukn al-Dīn Abū l-Fatḥ (Rukn-i ʿĀlam)ركن الدين أبو الفتح
the community's own accountin Suhrawardiyya
family descent · Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif to Rukn al-Dīn Abū l-Fatḥ (Rukn-i ʿĀlam) · The community's own account
TDV Suhreverdiyye continues the line to the grandson Rukn al-Dīn Abū l-Fatḥ (Rukn-i ʿĀlam).
TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdiyye (Reşat Öngören)'Not yet checked against a further reference.
How to cite
Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿĀrif”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/figure/sadr-al-din-arif (data of 31 October 2026).