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Route 2 of 3: The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

≠Sources differ on 4 links of this route.

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 9 names (5 not shown)
3. Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
4. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   child of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar · Two independent sources

   The Ismāʿīlīs trace their imamate to Ismāʿīl, son of al-Ṣādiq.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L4427-4433 · agreesIsmāʿīl al-Aʿraj, al-Ṣādiq's eldest and best-loved son; died in his father's lifetime, buried at al-Baqīʿ in 133 (Ibn Khidāʿ).
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81807-81808 · agreesIsmāʿīl was the eldest; died young in his father's lifetime, in 138; left Muḥammad, ʿAlī and Fāṭima.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, p. 88; genealogical table, p. 507 · agreesIsmāʿīl (called al-Mubārak) is al-Ṣādiq's son and the eponym of the Ismāʿīliyya; he is the sixth imam in the Ismāʿīlī list.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Twelver account: Mūsā, not Ismāʿīl, was designated; TDV İsmâiliyye lists the reports given for this (Ismāʿīl's death three years before his father, his conduct, his friendship with Abū l-Khaṭṭāb).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Ismāʿīlī accounts as TDV gives them: the majority (the Mubārakiyya) held that Ismāʿīl died before his father and the imamate passed to his descendants; a smaller group held that he had not died. TDV also cites a report that he was seen alive in Basra five years after 148/765.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Ibn ʿInaba (citing Ibn Khidāʿ, the Egyptian genealogist) buries Ismāʿīl at al-Baqīʿ in 133/750, twenty years before al-Ṣādiq; al-Dhahabī dates his death to 138/755. Both place it in his father's lifetime. TDV gives three years before al-Ṣādiq.Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI)al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI)
   • Daftary: calls Ismāʿīl al-Ṣādiq's second son, with the full brother ʿAbd Allāh al-Aftaḥ the eldest surviving son (ch. 3, p. 88), where Ibn ʿInaba and al-Dhahabī call Ismāʿīl the eldest. His genealogical table gives Ismāʿīl's death as 'after 136/754' (p. 507).Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   • Daftary on the date of Ismāʿīl's death: one source gives 133/750, while others name later years up to 145/762–763. Because the caliph al-Manṣūr (r. from 136/754) is named at his death, Daftary infers 136–145/754–763, possibly later. All of this is in his father's lifetime. (ch. 3, p. 91)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   • Daftary on the earliest Ismāʿīlī groups: one group denied Ismāʿīl's death and awaited him as Mahdī (the 'pure Ismāʿīliyya'); the Mubārakiyya accepted his death and recognized his son Muḥammad as imam, and Mubārakiyya was the original name of the movement. (ch. 3, pp. 89–90)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfarإسماعيل بن جعفر750
5. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar to Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Maktūm · Two independent sources

   Followers continued with Muḥammad al-Maktūm, who went from Medina to Rayy or Daylam and then Nishapur.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L4434-4445, L4469 · differsCalls Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl 'imam of the Maymūniyya'; reports (al-ʿUbaydalī, Abū Naṣr al-Bukhārī) he went to Iraq with Hārūn al-Rashīd and died in Baghdad.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81807-81809 · agreesMuḥammad is Ismāʿīl's son; his descendants are listed.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 89–90, 95 · agreesIsmāʿīl's partisans recognized his son Muḥammad as imam after al-Ṣādiq; Muḥammad was Ismāʿīl's eldest son, born c. 120/738, called al-Maktūm.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 95–96 · differsMuḥammad went from Medina to southern Iraq, then Persia (later life in Khūzistān); died under Hārūn al-Rashīd, perhaps soon after 179/795. Sources vary on his destination.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ibn ʿInaba, relaying the genealogists al-ʿUbaydalī and Abū Naṣr al-Bukhārī: Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl was 'imam of the Maymūniyya', was in Mūsā al-Kāẓim's circle, went to Iraq with Hārūn al-Rashīd, died in Baghdad and is buried there. This differs from the Ismāʿīlī account TDV gives (Medina, then Rayy or Daylam, then Nishapur).Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI)
   • Daftary: Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl left Medina, went into hiding (hence al-Maktūm), and travelled first to southern Iraq and then to Persia, spending his later years in Khūzistān. Different sources give different final destinations. This differs from TDV (Rayy or Daylam, then Nishapur) and from Ibn ʿInaba (died in Baghdad). (ch. 3, pp. 95–96)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Maktūmمحمد بن إسماعيل795
6. one sourcein The Prophet's family: descent and imamate linesomits: al-Wafī, al-Taqī, al-Raḍī (TDV; Ibn Khallikān names the same three as the hidden imams), or Muḥammad al-Ḥabīb b. Jaʿfar (Ibn ʿInaba's first account)≠sources differ

   successor of · Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Maktūm to ʿUbaydallāh al-Mahdī · One source

   TDV İsmâiliyye: the Ismāʿīlī imams stayed hidden (the satr) from al-Ṣādiq's death until ʿUbaydallāh appeared in North Africa (296/908); ʿUbaydallāh claimed the imamate for himself and his forebears at Salamiyya in 286/899 and declared himself Mahdī at Raqqāda in 297/910.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyyeTDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L4465-4481 · differsGives two accounts of the first Fatimid's descent, both through Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl's later descendants; chronology rules out a direct son.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L20604-20620 · differsReports four attributions of ʿUbaydallāh's descent; one makes him son of al-Raḍī b. Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (via al-Wafī, al-Taqī).
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81812-81821 · differsLists Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl's descendants (none ʿUbaydallāh) and reports a Damascus sharīf who denied ʿUbaydallāh this descent.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 99–100 · agreesFatimid account: a series of hidden imams from Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl to ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī; their names do not appear in the earliest Ismāʿīlī sources.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 116–117 · agreesIn 286/899 ʿAbd Allāh publicly claimed the imamate for himself and his predecessors; Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ and ʿAbdān broke with the leadership.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 101, 106 · differsHis own letter traces his line through ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar, not Ismāʿīl; Daftary says the evidence neither proves nor refutes the official chain.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Fatimid sources, as TDV Fâtımîler gives them: ʿUbaydallāh b. al-Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar. TDV adds that even the earliest Ismāʿīlī sources do not name the hidden imams, and that the Fatimid caliphs published no official genealogy.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV Fâtımîler: in a letter to the Yemen community, ʿUbaydallāh traced his line not to Ismāʿīl but to Ismāʿīl's elder brother ʿAbd Allāh, whom, he said, Jaʿfar had named heir; TDV relates this to the hidden imams' use of cover names. al-Maqrīzī (al-Muqaffā) records a lineage close to the letter's.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV Fâtımîler reports another account in which ʿAbd Allāh b. Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ, not of ʿAlī's line, is named the real founder of the movement and ancestor of the Fatimids; TDV traces the confusion to 'Maymūn' being one of the epithets of Jaʿfar's sons.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV Fâtımîler: the maḥḍar issued by the Abbasids in Baghdad in 402/1011 to contest the Fatimids' descent, which al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā also signed, does not name Maymūn or his son.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV İsmâiliyye: Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ and ʿAbdān withdrew their support over ʿUbaydallāh's claim of 286/899, and the Ismāʿīlī communities of Iraq, Bahrain and western Iran did not accept his imamate, holding to the return of Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl as the qāʾim.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Qarmaṭī view, as Daftary reports it from al-Nawbakhtī, al-Qummī and others: before 286/899 the great majority of the movement recognized only seven imams, ending with Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl, expected as Qāʾim and Mahdī. Only a small subgroup continued the imamate in his progeny. The Qarmaṭīs of Iraq and Bahrayn held to this and did not accept ʿAbd Allāh's claim. (ch. 3, pp. 96, 99, 117, 120–121)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   • Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ account and its critics, as Daftary reports them: Ibn Rizām and Akhū Muḥsin made the non-ʿAlid ʿAbd Allāh b. Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ the founder of Ismāʿīlism and ancestor of the Fatimids. Daftary notes that al-Nawbakhtī, al-Qummī, al-Ṭabarī, ʿArīb b. Saʿd and the 402/1011 manifesto do not name him. Ivanow called it a myth; Massignon, Qazvīnī and Lewis clarified the Qaddāḥ biographies; Stern sees a basis in later Qaddāḥ descendants; Lewis proposes two lines of imams (mustawdaʿ and mustaqarr), a view Daftary says other scholars do not generally accept; Hamdani and de Blois see the official genealogy as a merger of two lines of Jaʿfar's descendants (ʿAbd Allāh and Ismāʿīl). (ch. 3, pp. 101–107)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   ʿUbaydallāh al-Mahdīعبيد الله المهدي934

Route 3 of 3: The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 8 names (4 not shown)
3. Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
4. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   child of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar · Two independent sources

   The Ismāʿīlīs trace their imamate to Ismāʿīl, son of al-Ṣādiq.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L4427-4433 · agreesIsmāʿīl al-Aʿraj, al-Ṣādiq's eldest and best-loved son; died in his father's lifetime, buried at al-Baqīʿ in 133 (Ibn Khidāʿ).
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81807-81808 · agreesIsmāʿīl was the eldest; died young in his father's lifetime, in 138; left Muḥammad, ʿAlī and Fāṭima.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, p. 88; genealogical table, p. 507 · agreesIsmāʿīl (called al-Mubārak) is al-Ṣādiq's son and the eponym of the Ismāʿīliyya; he is the sixth imam in the Ismāʿīlī list.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Twelver account: Mūsā, not Ismāʿīl, was designated; TDV İsmâiliyye lists the reports given for this (Ismāʿīl's death three years before his father, his conduct, his friendship with Abū l-Khaṭṭāb).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Ismāʿīlī accounts as TDV gives them: the majority (the Mubārakiyya) held that Ismāʿīl died before his father and the imamate passed to his descendants; a smaller group held that he had not died. TDV also cites a report that he was seen alive in Basra five years after 148/765.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Ibn ʿInaba (citing Ibn Khidāʿ, the Egyptian genealogist) buries Ismāʿīl at al-Baqīʿ in 133/750, twenty years before al-Ṣādiq; al-Dhahabī dates his death to 138/755. Both place it in his father's lifetime. TDV gives three years before al-Ṣādiq.Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI)al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI)
   • Daftary: calls Ismāʿīl al-Ṣādiq's second son, with the full brother ʿAbd Allāh al-Aftaḥ the eldest surviving son (ch. 3, p. 88), where Ibn ʿInaba and al-Dhahabī call Ismāʿīl the eldest. His genealogical table gives Ismāʿīl's death as 'after 136/754' (p. 507).Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   • Daftary on the date of Ismāʿīl's death: one source gives 133/750, while others name later years up to 145/762–763. Because the caliph al-Manṣūr (r. from 136/754) is named at his death, Daftary infers 136–145/754–763, possibly later. All of this is in his father's lifetime. (ch. 3, p. 91)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   • Daftary on the earliest Ismāʿīlī groups: one group denied Ismāʿīl's death and awaited him as Mahdī (the 'pure Ismāʿīliyya'); the Mubārakiyya accepted his death and recognized his son Muḥammad as imam, and Mubārakiyya was the original name of the movement. (ch. 3, pp. 89–90)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfarإسماعيل بن جعفر750
5. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar to Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Maktūm · Two independent sources

   Followers continued with Muḥammad al-Maktūm, who went from Medina to Rayy or Daylam and then Nishapur.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L4434-4445, L4469 · differsCalls Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl 'imam of the Maymūniyya'; reports (al-ʿUbaydalī, Abū Naṣr al-Bukhārī) he went to Iraq with Hārūn al-Rashīd and died in Baghdad.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81807-81809 · agreesMuḥammad is Ismāʿīl's son; his descendants are listed.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 89–90, 95 · agreesIsmāʿīl's partisans recognized his son Muḥammad as imam after al-Ṣādiq; Muḥammad was Ismāʿīl's eldest son, born c. 120/738, called al-Maktūm.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 95–96 · differsMuḥammad went from Medina to southern Iraq, then Persia (later life in Khūzistān); died under Hārūn al-Rashīd, perhaps soon after 179/795. Sources vary on his destination.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ibn ʿInaba, relaying the genealogists al-ʿUbaydalī and Abū Naṣr al-Bukhārī: Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl was 'imam of the Maymūniyya', was in Mūsā al-Kāẓim's circle, went to Iraq with Hārūn al-Rashīd, died in Baghdad and is buried there. This differs from the Ismāʿīlī account TDV gives (Medina, then Rayy or Daylam, then Nishapur).Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI)
   • Daftary: Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl left Medina, went into hiding (hence al-Maktūm), and travelled first to southern Iraq and then to Persia, spending his later years in Khūzistān. Different sources give different final destinations. This differs from TDV (Rayy or Daylam, then Nishapur) and from Ibn ʿInaba (died in Baghdad). (ch. 3, pp. 95–96)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Maktūmمحمد بن إسماعيل795
6. one sourcein The Prophet's family: descent and imamate linesomits: al-Wafī, al-Taqī, al-Raḍī (TDV; Ibn Khallikān names the same three as the hidden imams), or Muḥammad al-Ḥabīb b. Jaʿfar (Ibn ʿInaba's first account)≠sources differ

   successor of · Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Maktūm to ʿUbaydallāh al-Mahdī · One source

   TDV İsmâiliyye: the Ismāʿīlī imams stayed hidden (the satr) from al-Ṣādiq's death until ʿUbaydallāh appeared in North Africa (296/908); ʿUbaydallāh claimed the imamate for himself and his forebears at Salamiyya in 286/899 and declared himself Mahdī at Raqqāda in 297/910.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyyeTDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L4465-4481 · differsGives two accounts of the first Fatimid's descent, both through Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl's later descendants; chronology rules out a direct son.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L20604-20620 · differsReports four attributions of ʿUbaydallāh's descent; one makes him son of al-Raḍī b. Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (via al-Wafī, al-Taqī).
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81812-81821 · differsLists Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl's descendants (none ʿUbaydallāh) and reports a Damascus sharīf who denied ʿUbaydallāh this descent.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 99–100 · agreesFatimid account: a series of hidden imams from Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl to ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī; their names do not appear in the earliest Ismāʿīlī sources.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 116–117 · agreesIn 286/899 ʿAbd Allāh publicly claimed the imamate for himself and his predecessors; Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ and ʿAbdān broke with the leadership.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 101, 106 · differsHis own letter traces his line through ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar, not Ismāʿīl; Daftary says the evidence neither proves nor refutes the official chain.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Fatimid sources, as TDV Fâtımîler gives them: ʿUbaydallāh b. al-Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar. TDV adds that even the earliest Ismāʿīlī sources do not name the hidden imams, and that the Fatimid caliphs published no official genealogy.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV Fâtımîler: in a letter to the Yemen community, ʿUbaydallāh traced his line not to Ismāʿīl but to Ismāʿīl's elder brother ʿAbd Allāh, whom, he said, Jaʿfar had named heir; TDV relates this to the hidden imams' use of cover names. al-Maqrīzī (al-Muqaffā) records a lineage close to the letter's.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV Fâtımîler reports another account in which ʿAbd Allāh b. Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ, not of ʿAlī's line, is named the real founder of the movement and ancestor of the Fatimids; TDV traces the confusion to 'Maymūn' being one of the epithets of Jaʿfar's sons.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV Fâtımîler: the maḥḍar issued by the Abbasids in Baghdad in 402/1011 to contest the Fatimids' descent, which al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā also signed, does not name Maymūn or his son.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Fatımîler
   • TDV İsmâiliyye: Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ and ʿAbdān withdrew their support over ʿUbaydallāh's claim of 286/899, and the Ismāʿīlī communities of Iraq, Bahrain and western Iran did not accept his imamate, holding to the return of Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl as the qāʾim.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Qarmaṭī view, as Daftary reports it from al-Nawbakhtī, al-Qummī and others: before 286/899 the great majority of the movement recognized only seven imams, ending with Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl, expected as Qāʾim and Mahdī. Only a small subgroup continued the imamate in his progeny. The Qarmaṭīs of Iraq and Bahrayn held to this and did not accept ʿAbd Allāh's claim. (ch. 3, pp. 96, 99, 117, 120–121)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   • Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ account and its critics, as Daftary reports them: Ibn Rizām and Akhū Muḥsin made the non-ʿAlid ʿAbd Allāh b. Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ the founder of Ismāʿīlism and ancestor of the Fatimids. Daftary notes that al-Nawbakhtī, al-Qummī, al-Ṭabarī, ʿArīb b. Saʿd and the 402/1011 manifesto do not name him. Ivanow called it a myth; Massignon, Qazvīnī and Lewis clarified the Qaddāḥ biographies; Stern sees a basis in later Qaddāḥ descendants; Lewis proposes two lines of imams (mustawdaʿ and mustaqarr), a view Daftary says other scholars do not generally accept; Hamdani and de Blois see the official genealogy as a merger of two lines of Jaʿfar's descendants (ʿAbd Allāh and Ismāʿīl). (ch. 3, pp. 101–107)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   ʿUbaydallāh al-Mahdīعبيد الله المهدي934