al-Amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Jazāʾirī · Kitāb al-Mawāqif fī baʿḍ ishārāt al-Qurʾān ilā al-asrār wa-l-maʿārif
المواقف
The Book of Stations
Mawqif 189 · “Your patience is only through God”
See the print: Damascus 1966, p. 414, Damascus 1966, p. 415, Damascus 1966, p. 416, Cairo, vol. 1, PDF p. 391, Cairo, vol. 1, PDF p. 392 (archive.org)
قَالَ تَعَالَى: «وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُكَ إِلاّ بِاللَّهِ» الْآيَةَ.
He, Most High, says: “And be patient, and your patience is only through God” (Q 16:127), to the end of the verse.
أَمْرٌ أَوَّلاً، تَعْرِيفٌ وَتَعْلِيمٌ ثَانِياً، وَالْخِطَابُ لَهُ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وَالْمُرَادُ نَحْنُ،
It is a command first, and a making-known and a teaching second; the address is to him, God bless him and grant him peace, but what is meant is us.
أَمَرَهُ- تَعَالَى- بِالصَّبْرِ، ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَهُ بِصِيغَةِ الْحَصْرِ، وَأَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّ الصَّبْرَ الْمَحْمُودَ الْمَرْضِىَّ الْمَطْلُوبَ مِنَ الْعَبْدِ؛ هُوَ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بِاللَّهِ فَتَعْمَلُ فِي تَحْصِيلِهِ،
He, Most High, commanded him to be patient, then informed him in the form of restriction, and made known to him that the patience which is praised, approved and required of the servant is the one that is through God, so you are to work at acquiring it,
وَتَقَرَّبْ اِلَيَّ بِالنَّوَافِلِ حَتَّى أُحِبَّكَ فَاِنِّي اِذَا أَحْبَبْتُكَ صِرْتَ بِي تَسْمَعُ، وَبِي تُبْصِرُ، وَبِي تُبْصِرُ، وَبِي تَفْعَلُ وَهَكَذَا، فِي جَمِيعِ قُوَاكَ وَأَفْعَالِكَ لَا بِنَفْسِكَ.
and draw near to Me through supererogatory works until I love you; for when I love you, you come to hear by Me, and by Me to see, and by Me to see, and by Me to act, and so on in all your faculties and acts, not by yourself.
وَبَيْنَ الصَّبْرِ بِاللَّهِ وَالصَّبْرِ بِالنَّفْسِ فُرْقَانٌ،
Between patience through God and patience through the self there is a clear distinction.
فَمَنْ كَانَ صَبْرُهُ بِاللَّهِ فَهُوَ، وَاِنْ تَأَلَّمَ ظَاهِرُهُ، وَاشْتَكَتْ أَعْضَاؤُهُ وَجَوَارِحُهُ، وَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ؛ فَمَحْمِلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ النَّفْسُ الْحَيَوَانِيَّةُ، وَهُوَ فِي بَاطِنِهِ نَاعِمُ الْبَالِ قَرِيرُ الْعَيْنِ، مُسْتَنِيرُ الْبَاطِنِ لِأَنَّهُ وَاثِقٌ بِحُسْنِ تَدْبِيرِ اللَّهِ- تَعَالَى- لَهُ، مُتَحَقِّقٌ بِأَنَّ مَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَصَابَهُ؛ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُخْطِئَهُ.
Whoever's patience is through God, he, even if his outward part is in pain, his limbs and members complain and his eyes shed tears, the bearer of that in him is the animal soul, while he in his inward is at ease of mind and consoled of eye, illumined within, because he trusts in God's good governing of him, and is realised in the knowledge that what came upon him and befell him could never have missed him.
وَأَنَّهُ لَابُدَّ مِنْ نُزُولِهِ بِهِ، لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ مُقْتَضَى اسْتِعْدَادِهِ، وَأَنَّ اسْتِعْدَادَهُ هُوَ الطَّالِبُ لَهُ بِلِسَانِ حَالِهِ، مُوقِنٌ بِأَنَّهُ- تَعَالَى- حَكِيمٌ لَايَفْعَلُ اِلاّ مَا يَنْبَغِي، كَمَا يَنْبَغِي، وَبِالْقَدْرِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي، فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي،
and that it had to come down upon him, since it is among the requirements of his preparedness, and that his preparedness is what asks for it by the tongue of its state; certain that He, Most High, is wise and does only what is fitting, as is fitting, in the measure that is fitting, at the time that is fitting;
بَلْ يَكُونُ الْحَقُّ- تَعَالَى- هُوَ الْحَامِلَ لِمَا أَنْزَلَهُ عَمَّنْ يَكُونُ صَبْرُهُ بِهِ- تَعَالَى-،
rather, the Real, Most High, is Himself the one who bears what He sent down, on behalf of the one whose patience is through Him, Most High.
وَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ صَبْرُهُ بِنَفْسِهِ؛ فَاِنَّهُ وَاِنْ تَجَلَّدَ وَحَبَسَ نَفْسَهُ ظَاهِراً لِمَا نَزَلَ بِهِ وَأَصَابَهُ؛ فَهُوَ كَسِيفُ الْبَالِ، مُظْلِمُ الْأَرْجَاءِ، مُتَأَلِّمُ الْبَاطِنِ، مُتَّهِمٌ لِرَبِّهِ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَهُ بِهِ، مُجَوِّزٌ لِمَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ وَنَزَلَ بِهِ، أَنَّهُ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ.
As for the one whose patience is through his self, even if he steels himself and outwardly restrains himself under what has come down upon him and befallen him, he is downcast of mind, darkened in all his corners, pained within, suspecting his Lord in what He sent down upon him, and holding it possible that what came upon him and descended on him might not have been.
وَهَذَا لَيْسَ هُوَ الصَّبْرَ الْمَرْضِيَّ الْمَحْمُودَ الْمَطْلُوبَ مِنَ الْعَبْدِ؛ بَلْ هَذَا مُقَاوَمَةٌ لِلْأَمْرِ الْاِلَهِيِّ، وَتَشَجُّعٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَمَا رُوِىَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً- عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ- أَنَّ فِي مَرَضِهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: اَتَئِنُّ وَأَنْتَ عَلِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: أَمَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ فَلَا أَتَشَجَّعُ.
This is not the approved, praised patience required of the servant; rather it is resistance to the divine command and a show of bravery against God, as is related: ʿAlī, peace be upon him, groaned in his illness, and it was said to him: “Do you groan, and you are ʿAlī?” He said: “Against God, I do not play the brave.”
وَالْآلَامُ الطَّبِيعِيَّةُ الْمَحْسُوسَةُ لَيْسَ فِي وُسْعِ الْاِنْسَانِ رَفْعُهَا، بِخِلَافِ الْآلَامِ النَّفْسِيَّةِ، فَاِنَّ فِي وُسْعِهِ رَفْعَهَا.
Natural, sensible pains it is not within a human being's power to remove, unlike the pains of the soul, for it is within his power to remove them.
وَالصَّبْرُ مِنَ الْمَقَامَاتِ ، الَّتِي لَايُفَارِقُهَا الْعَبْدُ اِلَى الْمَمَاتِ وَهُوَ عَامٌّ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ اِذِ الْكُلُّ ابْتِلَاءٌ وَفِتْنَةٌ وَتَمْحِيصٌ ، قَالَ تَعَالَى :
« وَنَبْلُوكُمْ بِالشَّرِّ وَالْخَيْرِ فِتْنَةً » .
وَقَوْلُهُ : « لِنَبْلُوَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً » .
فَالصَّبْرُ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ هُوَ الثَّبَاتُ فِيهِ عَلَى الْحَدِّ الْمَشْرُوعِ ، وَاِشَارَةِ الْعُقُولِ .
وَمِنْ هَٰذَا الصَّبْرُ عَلَى الْمَعَارِفِ الْاِلَٰهِيَّةِ ، وَالْأَسْرَارِ الرَّبَّانِيَّةِ ، بِعَدَمِ اِذَاعَتِهَا لِغَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا ، وَقَلِيلٌ فَاعِلُهُ ،
وَأَمَّا الصَّبْرُ عَلَى الشَّرِّ ؛ فَهُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ ، وَلَا يَتَبَادَرُ اِلَى الْأَفْهَامِ عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ الصَّبْرِ مُطْلَقاً غَيْرُهُ ،
وَقَدْ عَدَّ الْاِمَامُ مُحْيِي الدِّينِ الْقَوْلَ بِدُخُولِ الصَّبْرِ فِي النِّعَمِ جَهْلاً ،
وَمَنْ نَظَرَ فِي حَدِّ الصَّبْرِ ، وَأَنَّهُ حَبْسُ النَّفْسِ عَلَى مَا تَكْرَهُ ، وَذَاقَ مَا تُكَابِدُهُ النَّفْسُ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ ، فِي كَتْمِ مَا يَهَبُهُ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - لِلْعَبْدِ مِنَ الْعُلُومِ وَالْأَسْرَارِ ، وَكَشْفِ الْحَقَائِقِ حَتَّىقَالَ بَعْضُ الْعَارِفِينَ: تِسْعَةُ أَعْشَارِ السِّرِّ تَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ بَخٍ بَخٍ ، وَفِي بَوْحِهِ هَلَاكُهُ وَحَتْفُهُ ؛قَالَ بِدُخُولِ الصَّبْرِ فِي النِّعَمِ وَلَابُدَّ ،
وَهَٰذِهِ أُمُورٌ ذَوْقِيَّـةٌ •
فَكُلُّ وَاحِـدٍ اِنَّمَا يُعَبِّرُ عَنْ ذَوْقِهِ ، وَيَحْكِي حَالَهُ ،
وَهَٰذِهِ عَادَةُ الْقَوْمِ جَمِيعِهِمْ – رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ – فَلِهَٰذَا لَايُخَطِّيءُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً اِلاَّ فِي النَّادِرِ ،
وَالْكَلَامُ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ طَوِيلُ الذَّيْلِ •
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