حلمIbn Fāris finds three unrelated senses under ḥ-l-m: restraint from haste, the … (root hlm)

Al-ḥulm (الحلم): the dream-vision (ruʾyā). One says: ḥalama yaḥlumu (حلم يحلم), 'he dreamed,' when he saw something in sleep. In the ḥadīth: 'Whoever falsely claims to have dreamed what he did not dream' — meaning he affects [claims] a dream he did not [actually] see. Al-ḥulm (الحلم) [also means] 'nocturnal emission' (iḥtilām), plural aḥlām (أحلام); the agent-noun is ḥālim (حالم) or muḥtalim (محتلم). Al-ḥilm (الحلم) [also means] forbearance (anāh), plural aḥlām (أحلام). Al-ḥulām (الحلام) is a young kid [goat]. He said: 'Every slain one among [the tribe of] Kulayb is [but] a kid (ḥulām).' The aḥlām (أحلام) of a people are their forbearing men (ḥulamāʾ), singular ḥalīm (حليم). Al-Aʿshā said: 'But when they sit in the evening … [they show] the forbearance of ʿĀd and the hands of the emaciated.' A man has become ḥalīm (حليم) — yaḥlumu (يحلم) — and ḥalīm as an attribute of God Almighty means 'the Patient/Forbearing One.' Among men's names is Muḥallim (محلم), 'one who teaches others forbearance (ḥilm).' Aḥlamat al-marʾah (أحلمت المرأة): 'the woman gave birth to forbearing children.' Al-aḥlām (الأحلام) [also] means 'bodies.' Al-ḥalamah (الحلمة), plural al-ḥulam (الحلم), is 'the large tick.' A hide [described as] ḥalim (حلم) is one the tick-infestation (ḥalam) has spoiled before it was skinned; one says ḥalima ḥalaman (حلم حلما). From this is the saying of ʿUqbah: 'For you, with the writing to ʿAlī … are like a tanning-woman when the hide has become worm-eaten.' A camel [described as] ḥalim: the ḥalam has spoiled it. A young she-goat [described as] ḥalimah or taḥlimah: its skin has been spoiled by the ḥalam. The camels ḥalimat (حلمت): the ticks were taken off them. Al-ḥalamah (الحلمة) is the saʿdān plant, one of the best pasture plants. Al-ḥalamah (الحلمة) [also] is the nipple of the breast, in the middle of the areola (al-saʿdānah). Yawm Ḥalīmah (يوم حليمة) is a battle that occurred in the Jāhiliyyah. Muḥallam (محلم) is a river in al-Yamāmah.

Al-ḥulm (الحلم), with ḍammah: what the sleeper sees [i.e., a dream]. From it one says ḥalama (حلم), with fatḥah, and iḥtalama (احتلم). One says: ḥalamtu bi-kadhā (حلمت بكذا) and ḥalamtuhu (حلمته) as well. He said: 'So I dreamed of her, while [the people of] Fayd stood between us — let not her phantom-image, thus dreamed of, be far away.' Al-ḥilm (الحلم), with kasrah: forbearance (anāh). From it one says ḥalima al-rajulu (حلم الرجل), with ḍammah [of the imperfect]. Taḥallama (تحلم): he affected/feigned forbearance. He said: 'Be forbearing toward the base ones, and preserve the noble; you will not attain [true] forbearance until you have [first] feigned it.' Taḥālama (تحالم): he made a show of that in himself while not really being so. Al-ḥalam (الحلم), with the moving vowels [fatḥah-fatḥah], is that the hide spoils in the soaking-pit (ghaml) and worms fall into it, perforating it. From it one says ḥalima al-adīm (حلم الأديم), with kasrah. He said: 'For you, with the writing to ʿAlī, are like a tanning-woman when the hide has become worm-eaten.' Al-ḥalamah (الحلمة): the nipple of the breast; dual ḥalamatān. Al-ḥalamah is also a kind of plant. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: it is al-ḥalamah and al-yanamah. Taḥallama (تحلم), [said] of a child or a lizard (ḍabb): it became fat and plump. Aws said: 'They gnawed at them as one gnaws a stick, and drove them away, to a year in which its rodents had not fattened.' A camel [described] ḥalīm means 'fat.' He said: '…from the fat, in the loins of every fat one (ḥalīm)…' Al-ḥalamah: the large tick, similar to al-ʿall; its plural is ḥulam. Al-ḥalamah is also a worm that occurs between the outer and inner skin of a sheep — this is al-Aṣmaʿī's wording — and when [the hide] is tanned, that spot remains thin. From this one says: taʿayyana al-jild (تعين الجلد) and ḥalima al-adīm. Ḥulaymāt (حليمات), with ḍammah of the ḥāʾ, is a place-name; hillocks in Baṭn Falj. Muḥallam, in al-Aʿshā's saying: 'And we, on the morning of al-ʿAyn, on the day of Faṭīmah, prevented, between [the tribe of] Shaybān, the drinking of Muḥallam' — is a river drawing from ʿAyn Hajar. Labīd said, describing departing camel-litters, likening them to palm-trees drinking from this river: '…bunches wading in the channel of Muḥallam, bearing [fruit], some laden and covered…' Muḥallam is also a man's name. Ḥallamtu al-rajula taḥlīman (حلمت الرجل تحليما): 'I made him forbearing.' Al-Mukhabbal said: 'They turned back the breasts of the horses until they were checked, to the one of sound counsel, and sought aid from the one who instills forbearance.' He means: they obeyed the one who commands them to forbearance. Al-ḥulām (الحلام): a kid taken from its mother's belly [newborn]. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: al-ḥulām and al-ḥulān (الحلان), with mīm and nūn, [both mean] 'young sheep/goats.' Al-ḥālūm (الحالوم): milk that thickens and becomes similar to soft cheese, though it is not [actually] that.

Ḥāʾ, lām, and mīm (حلم) have three [distinct] roots: the first is refraining from hastiness; the second is the perforation of a thing; and the third is seeing something in a dream. These are quite disparate, indicating that some vocabulary is not [subject to] analogical derivation, even though most of it is. The first: ḥilm (الحلم) is the opposite of rashness (ṭayš). One says ḥalimtu ʿanhu aḥlumu (حلمت عنه أحلم), 'I was forbearing toward him,' so I am ḥalīm (حليم). The second root is their saying ḥalima al-adīm (حلم الأديم), meaning it became perforated and spoiled, which happens when creatures [worms] fall into it and spoil it. He said: 'For you, with the writing to ʿAlī, … are like a tanning-woman when the hide has become worm-eaten (ḥalima al-adīm) …' The third: qad ḥalama fī nawmihi ḥulman wa-ḥilman (قد حلم في نومه حلما وحلما), 'he dreamed in his sleep.' Al-ḥulm (الحلم) [also means] small ticks, and al-ḥalamah (الحلمة) is a small creature [tick]. Related to this are ḥalamatā al-thady (حلمتا الثدي), 'the two nipples of the breast.' As for their saying taḥallama (تحلم), 'to become fat,' it actually means 'to become full/swollen,' as if it were a tick grown engorged. He said: '…until a year in which its ticks had not grown engorged (lam taḥlum) …' And it is said: baʿīr ḥalīm (بعير حليم), 'a fat camel.' He said: '…from the fat, in the loins of every fat one (ḥalīm) …' And al-ḥālūm (الحالوم) is something resembling dried curdled milk (aqiṭ), though I do not think it is genuine Arabic.

Al-ḥilm (الحلم): self-restraint and character held back from the outburst of anger; its plural is aḥlām (أحلام). God Almighty said: 'Or do their minds (aḥlāmuhum) command them to this?' (Q. 52:32); it is said its meaning is 'their intellects' — though ḥilm is not, in reality, [the same as] intellect ('aql), but they explained it thus because it is among the effects of the intellect. One says: ḥalima (حلم), ḥalamahu al-ʿaqlu (حلمه العقل) ['the intellect made him forbearing'], and taḥallama (تحلم). Aḥlamat al-marʾah (أحلمت المرأة): 'the woman gave birth to forbearing children.' God Almighty said: 'Indeed, Abraham was forbearing (ḥalīm), imploring, penitent' (Q. 11:75); and His saying: 'So We gave him glad tidings of a forbearing boy (ghulāmin ḥalīm)' (Q. 37:101), meaning: the capacity for ḥilm was found in him; and His saying: 'And when the children among you reach puberty (al-ḥulm)' (Q. 24:59), meaning: the time of maturity — it is named ḥulm because its possessor becomes worthy of ḥilm. It is said: ḥalama fī nawmihi yaḥlumu ḥulman wa-ḥilman (حلم في نومه يحلم حلما وحلما), 'he dreamed in his sleep'; and it is said the form ḥulman is like the pattern of ribʿ. [Also]: taḥallama and iḥtalama, and ḥalamtu bihi fī nawmī (حلمت به في نومي), meaning 'I saw him in a dream.' God Almighty said: 'They said, "A confused medley of dreams (aḍghāthu aḥlām)"' (Q. 12:54). Al-ḥalamah (الحلمة): the large tick — it is said it was so named because it was pictured in the form of a forbearing one (dhī ḥilm), due to its great stillness. As for the nipple of the breast (ḥalamat al-thady), [it is so named] by likening it to the tick's ḥalamah in shape, as shown by its being called 'tick' in the poet's saying: [entry continues]

Al-ḥulm and al-ḥilm (الحلم والحلم): the dream-vision (ruʾyā), plural aḥlām (أحلام). One says: ḥalama yaḥlumu (حلم يحلم), 'he dreamed,' when he saw something in sleep. Ibn Sīdah: ḥalama fī nawmihi yaḥlumu ḥulman (حلم في نومه يحلم حلما), and iḥtalama (احتلم), and inḥalama (انحلم). Bishr ibn Abī Khāzim said: 'Is what I saw true, or a mere dream (iḥtilām)?' — also transmitted as 'inḥilām.' Taḥallama al-ḥulm (تحلم الحلم): he made use of/experienced the dream. Ḥalama bihi (حلم به), ḥalama ʿanhu (حلم عنه), and taḥallama ʿanhu (تحلم عنه): he had a dream-vision concerning him, or saw him in sleep. In the ḥadīth: 'Whoever falsely claims to have dreamed what he did not dream is charged with tying a knot between two barleycorns' — meaning he said he saw in sleep what he did not [actually] see. Takallafa ḥulman (تكلف حلما): he claimed a dream he did not see. One says: ḥalama (حلم), with fatḥah, when he [actually] saw [a dream], and taḥallama (تحلم) when he falsely claimed the dream-vision. [The author] said: if it be asked, 'The liar's lie in his dream does not exceed his lie in wakefulness, so why is his punishment, threat, and the task of tying the two barleycorns increased?' — it is said: it has been authentically reported that the true dream-vision is a part of prophecy, and prophecy can only be by revelation; and the one who lies about his dream-vision claims that God Almighty showed him what He did not show him, and gave him a part of prophecy which He did not give him — and lying about God is a graver fabrication than lying about creation or about oneself. Al-ḥulm (الحلم): also 'nocturnal emission' (iḥtilām), plural aḥlām (أحلام). In the ḥadīth: 'The [true] vision (ruʾyā) is from God, and the [false] dream (ḥulm) is from Satan.' Ruʾyā and ḥulm are both expressions for what the sleeper sees in his sleep, but ruʾyā came to predominate for what he sees of good and pleasant things, while ḥulm came to predominate for what he sees of evil and ugly things; from this is His saying: 'confused dreams' (aḍghāthu aḥlām). Each of the two is used in place of the other. The lām of al-ḥulm may be [vocalized] with ḍammah or with sukūn. Al-Jawharī: al-ḥulm, with ḍammah, is what the sleeper sees. One says: ḥalamtu bi-kadhā (حلمت بكذا) and ḥalamtuhu (حلمته) as well. He said: 'So I dreamed of her, while Banū Rufaydah stood between us — let not her phantom-image, thus dreamed of, be far away.' It is said: ḥalama al-rajulu bi'l-marʾah (حلم الرجل بالمرأة), when he dreamed in his sleep that he was intimate with her; and this verse is cited as evidence for that. Ibn Khālawayh said: 'aḥlām nāʾim' [is an expression for] coarse garments. Al-ḥulm and al-iḥtilām (الحلم والاحتلام): intercourse or the like in sleep; the noun [for it] is al-ḥulm. In the Noble Qur'an: '[until] they have not reached puberty (al-ḥulm)' [Q. 24:59]; the verb is used likewise. In the ḥadīth: the Prophet, peace be upon him, ordered Muʿādh to take from every ḥālim (حالم) a dīnār, meaning the jizyah [poll-tax]. Abū al-Haytham said: by 'al-ḥālim' is meant everyone who has reached puberty (al-ḥulm) and to whom the ruling for [adult] men applies, whether he has had a nocturnal emission or not. In the ḥadīth: 'The ritual bath on Friday is obligatory upon every ḥālim' — meaning [obligatory] upon whoever has reached puberty, i.e. has reached the age of emissions, or has already had one before that age; and in another version: 'muḥtalim,' meaning one who has reached puberty, mature. Al-ḥilm (الحلم), with kasrah: forbearance (anāh) and intellect ('aql), plural aḥlām and ḥil[entry continues]