جملtwo asls — tajammuʿ wa-ʿiẓam al-khalq and ḥusn. (root jml)

Al-jamal (الجمل) deserves this name once it has 'bazala' (بزل) [its canine tooth has emerged, i.e. it has matured]. A she-camel called jamāliyyah (جمالية) is one with the build of a jamal. When they form a relational description of this kind, they most often bring it on the pattern faʿālī, like ṣuhābī (صهابي). As for His saying, Most High: «as if it were jimālat ṣufr (جمالت صفر)» [Q 77:33], this refers to black she-camels, though there is no distinct singular used individually; rather each group of them is called jimālah (جمالة), and the plural [of that] is jimālāt (جمالات) and jamā'il (جمائل). Some say he meant ropes (جمال), not she-camels. Al-jāmil (الجامل) is a herd of camels together with their herders and owners, like al-baqar/al-bāqir [cattle/a herd of cattle]. Jamal al-baḥr (جمل البحر) is a type of fish. Jumayl (جميل) and jumlānah (جملانة) are a small bird among the dakhākīl (small birds). Among the proverbs of the Arabs: 'So-and-so took the night as a camel (اتخذ فلان الليل جملا),' said when he traveled through it entirely, or when he mounts it and proceeds. (Al-jamīl (الجميل) is also a bird resembling the sparrow, the lark, and the ghurr; and he said: "I hunted a ghurr or a tame jamīl (وصدت غرا أو جميلا آلفا)… and a barqash rising above our high grounds (وبرقشا يعلو على معالنا)") Al-jamīl (الجميل) is [also] melted dripping-fat (الإهالة المذابة), and the name for that melted substance is al-jamālah (الجمالة). (Al-ijtimāl (الاجتمال) is anointing oneself with al-jamīl.) Al-ijtimāl also means: to roast meat, and whenever its fat drips, you collect it onto bread, then return it [to the fire] again. Al-jamāl (الجمال) is the verbal noun of jamīl, and the verb from it is 'jamula – yajmulu' (جمل يجمل). (Allah, Most High, said: «and there is beauty (jamāl/جمال) for you in them when you bring them home and when you drive them out to pasture», meaning splendor and beauty.) It is said 'jāmaltu fulānan mujāmalah' (جاملت فلانا مجاملة) when your affection for him is not sincere, and you deal outwardly with him graciously. It is said: 'ajmaltu fī al-ṭalab' (أجملت في الطلب) [I was moderate/gracious in my pursuit]. (Al-jumlah (الجملة) is the totality of a thing in its entirety, whether in reckoning or otherwise.) 'Ajmaltu lahu al-ḥisāb wa'l-kalām' (أجملت له الحساب والكلام) derives from al-jumlah. Ḥisāb al-jummal (حساب الجمل) is reckoning by the letters of Abū Jād [numerical letter-values]. Al-jamal (الجمل) is [also] the thick hawser (القلس). Mubtakir said: al-jamīl (الجميل) is a name for heat (الحر).

Al-jamal (الجمل) is [the male] of camels. Al-Farrā' said: al-jamal is the mate of the she-camel (زوج الناقة), and its plural is jimāl (جمال), and also ajmāl (أجمال), jimālāt (جمالات), and jamā'il (جمائل). Al-jāmil (الجامل) is the herd of camels together with its herders and owners. The poet said: "They have a jāmil whose night-companion never rests" (لهم جامل ما يهدأ الليل سامره). Ibn al-Sikkīt said: camels, when all male with no females among them, are called 'hādhihi jimālatu banī fulān' (هذه جمالة بني فلان). And it was recited: «as if it were jimālah ṣufr» (كأنه جمالة صفر). He said: you say 'istajmala al-baʿīr' (استجمل البعير), meaning it became a jamal; it is only called jamal once it 'arbaʿa' (أربع) [reached its fourth year]. Al-jamālah (الجمالة) are the drovers/owners of camels, like al-khayyālah (خيالة, cavalrymen) and al-ḥamārah (حمارة, donkey-drivers). Al-Hudhalī said: "Until, when they drove them into Qatā'idah, scattering them, just as the camel-drovers (الجمالة) drive off the strays (الشردا)" Al-jamāl (الجمال) is beauty. 'Jamula al-rajul' (جمل الرجل), with ḍammah, 'jamālan' (جمالا), so he is jamīl (جميل); the woman is jamīlah (جميلة), and also jamlā' (جملاء), according to al-Kisā'ī. He cited: "She is jamlā' (جملاء) like a rising full moon, surpassing all creation entirely in beauty (جمال)" And the saying of Abū Dhu'ayb: 'jamālaka ayyuhā al-qalb al-qarīḥ' (جمالك أيها القلب القريح) — he means: hold to your composure and modesty, and do not grieve with unseemly grief. Al-jummāl (الجمال), with ḍammah and doubling, means 'more beautiful than jamīl' [an intensive form]. The melted fat is called jamīl (جميل). Jumayl (جميل) is [also] a bird's name that came in diminutive form, plural jimlān (جملان), on the pattern of kuʿayt/kiʿtān (كعيت وكعتان). Jamal (جمل) is the ancestor of a clan of Madhḥij, namely Jamal ibn Saʿd al-ʿAshīrah; among them was Hind ibn ʿAmr al-Jamalī, who was with ʿAlī (peace be upon him) and was killed; his killer said: 'I killed ʿIlbā' and Hind al-Jamalī' (قتلت علباء وهند الجملى). Jamal (جمل) is also a woman's name. Al-jumlah (الجملة) is the singular of al-jumal (الجمل) [the collective/plural]. 'Ajmaltu al-ḥisāb' (أجملت الحساب) means: I reduced it to a total. 'Ajmaltu al-ṣanīʿah ʿinda fulān' (أجملت الصنيعة عند فلان) and 'ajmala fī ṣanīʿihi' (أجمل في صنيعه) [he acted graciously in his deed]. 'Jamaltu al-shaḥm ajmuluhu jamlan' (جملت الشحم أجمله جملا) and 'ijtamaltuhu' (اجتملته) mean: I melted it [the fat]. Sometimes they said 'ajmaltu al-shaḥm' (أجملت الشحم); Abū ʿUbayd related this. 'Ajmala al-qawm' (أجمل القوم) means their camels became numerous, according to al-Kisā'ī. Al-mujāmalah (المجاملة) is dealing with someone by gracious means. A man is called 'jumālī' (جمالي), with ḍammah and doubled yā', meaning of great build; a she-camel is jamāliyyah (جمالية) when she resembles the male camel in largeness of build. Al-Aʿshā said, describing his she-camel: "A jamāliyyah (جمالية) racing on with the riders behind, when the sinful ones fail at midday travel (الهجير)" Ḥisāb al-jummal (حساب الجمل) is with doubled mīm. Al-jamal (الجمل) is also the ship's rope called al-qils (القلس), being ropes bundled together. According to this Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with him) recited: «until [the rope] passes through the eye of the needle». 'Jammalahu' (جمله) means he adorned it. Al-tajammul (التجمل) is affecting gracious behavior. And 'tajammala,' [entry continues]

Jīm, mīm, and lām are two roots: one indicates gathering/collecting (تجمع) and largeness of physical form, and the other indicates beauty (حسن). As for the first: it is your saying 'ajmaltu al-shay'' (أجملت الشيء) and 'hādhihi jumlat al-shay'' (هذه جملة الشيء), and 'ajmaltuhu' (أجملته) means 'I totaled it up.' Allah Most High said: «And those who disbelieve say, 'Why was the Qur'an not sent down to him all at once (jumlatan wāḥidatan/جملة واحدة)?'» It is possible that jamal (الجمل, camel) derives from this because of the largeness of its build; and jamal (الجمل) is also a thick rope, and this too comes from this [root]. It is said 'ajmala al-qawm' (أجمل القوم), meaning their camels became numerous. Al-jamālī (الجمالي) is a man of great build, as if likened to the camel, and likewise a she-camel is called jamāliyyah (جمالية). Al-Farrā' said: 'jimālāt' (جمالات) is the plural of jamal (جمل), and al-jimālāt is also what is gathered of ropes and cables (القلوس). The other root is jamāl (الجمال), the opposite of ugliness (قبح). A man is jamīl (جميل) and jummāl (جمال). Ibn Qutaybah said its origin is from al-jamīl (الجميل), the melted fat drippings (ودك الشحم المذاب), meaning that the sheen of fat runs across his face [i.e. his prosperity shows]. It is said 'jamālaka an tafʿala kadhā' (جمالك أن تفعل كذا), meaning 'be gracious/composed, and do not do it.' Abū Dhu'ayb said: "Be composed, O wounded heart (جمالك أيها القلب الجريح)… you will meet the one you love and find rest (ستلقى من تحب فتستريح)…" A woman said to her daughter, 'tajammalī wa-taʿaffafī' (تجملي وتعففي), meaning 'eat the jamīl [fat]' — which is what we mentioned, the melted fat — 'and drink the ʿafāfah (العفافة),' which is the remainder of the milk.

Al-jamāl (الجمال) is abundant beauty, of two kinds: one is beauty specific to a person in himself, his body, or his action; the other is that which extends from him to others. In this respect is what is related from him (peace and blessings be upon him): «Indeed Allah is jamīl (جميل, Beautiful) and loves jamāl (beauty)» — indicating that abundant good flows from Him, so He loves whoever is characterized by that. Allah Most High said: «and there is beauty for you in them when you bring them home» [Q 16:6]. It is said 'jamīl' and 'jummāl' as intensive forms. Allah Most High said: «so [my course is] gracious patience (ṣabrun jamīl/صبر جميل)» [Q 12:83]; «so be patient with gracious patience (ṣabran jamīlan/صبرا جميلا)» [Q 70:5]. One says 'jāmaltu fulānan' (جاملت فلانا), 'ajmaltu fī kadhā' (أجملت في كذا), and 'jamālaka' (جمالك), meaning 'be gracious'; and the notion of totality/abundance was taken from it, so every undivided group is called 'jumlah' (جملة); and from this, reckoning not itemized and speech not made clear is called 'mujmal' (مجمل). One says 'ajmaltu al-ḥisāb' (أجملت الحساب) and 'ajmaltu fī al-kalām' (أجملت في الكلام). Allah Most High said: «And those who disbelieve say, 'Why was the Qur'an not sent down to him all at once (jumlatan wāḥidatan/جملة واحدة)?'» [Q 25:32], meaning: gathered together, not as it was actually sent down in separate portions. The jurists' saying that 'al-mujmal is that which needs clarification' is not a proper definition or explanation of it, but merely a mention of some circumstances associated with it; a thing's description ought to be clarified in itself, by that which distinguishes it. The reality of al-mujmal is: that which comprises a total of many things not itemized/summarized. Al-jamal (الجمل) is said of the camel once it has 'bazala' (بزل); its plural is jimāl (جمال), ajmāl (أجمال), and jimālah (جمالة). Allah Most High said: «until the camel passes through the eye of a needle» [Q 7:40]. His saying «jimālat ṣufr» (جمالت صفر) [Q 77:33] is the plural of jimālah, and jimālah is the plural of jamal. It was [also] recited as 'jimālāt' (جمالات) with ḍammah, and it is said this means young she-camels (القلوص). Al-jāmil (الجامل) is a group of camels together with its herder, like al-bāqir (الباقر). Their saying 'he took the night as a jamal' (اتخذ الليل جملا) is a metaphor, like their saying 'he rode the night' (ركب الليل). The naming of the jamal (camel) thus may be due to what is indicated in His saying «and there is beauty for you in them» [Q 16:6], because they used to count that as a beauty for themselves. 'Jamaltu al-shaḥm' (جملت الشحم) means I melted the fat; al-jamīl (الجميل) is melted fat, and al-ijtimāl (الاجتمال) is anointing with it. A woman said to her daughter: 'tajammalī wa-taʿaffafī' (تجملي وتعففي), meaning 'eat the jamīl [melted fat]' and 'drink the ʿafāfah (العفافة) [the remainder of milk].'

Al-jamal (الجمل) is the male of the camel; it is said it is only called jamal once it 'arbaʿa' (أربع, reached its fourth year), and it is [also] said [when it] 'ajdhaʿa' (أجذع), and it is said [when it] 'bazala' (بزل), and it is said [when it] 'athnā' (أثنى). He said: "We are the Banū Ḍabbah, companions of the Camel (أصحاب الجمل), death is sweeter to us than honey" Al-Layth [said]: al-jamal deserves this name once it has 'bazala.' Shamir said: al-bakr and al-bakrah are in the position of a boy and a girl, while al-jamal and al-nāqah are in the position of a man and a woman. In the Noble Revelation: «until the camel passes through the eye of a needle»; al-Farrā' said: al-jamal is the mate of the she-camel. It is mentioned that Ibn ʿAbbās recited it as 'al-jummal' (الجمل), with doubled mīm, meaning bundled ropes; and it is related from Abū Ṭālib that he said: 'the reciters transmitted it as al-jummal, with doubled mīm,' and he said: 'we think he intended it lightened [undoubled].' Abū Ṭālib said: this is because [singular] nouns come on the pattern faʿl lightened, while collectives come on the pattern fuʿul, like ṣawm and qawm. Abū al-Haytham said: Abū ʿAmr and al-Ḥasan recited — and this is [also] the reading of Ibn Masʿūd — 'ḥattā yalija al-jumal' (الجمل), on the pattern of al-nughar (النغر) in form. It is related from Ibn ʿAbbās: al-jumal/al-jummal, both doubled and lightened; as for al-jamal, lightened, it is the thick rope, and likewise al-jummal, doubled. Ibn Jinnī said: it is jumal (جُمَل) on the pattern of nughar (نغر), juml (جُمْل) on the pattern of qufl (قفل), jumul (جُمُل) on the pattern of ṭunub (طنب), and jamal (جَمَل) on the pattern of mathal (مثل). Ibn Barrī said: according to this, His saying «ḥattā yalija al-jumal fī summ al-khiyāṭ» was interpreted; as for al-jumal, it is a plural of jamal, like usd (أسد) [is a plural] of asad (أسد). Al-jamal is also [used for] a group of people. It is related from ʿAbdullāh [ibn Masʿūd] and Ubayy [ibn Kaʿb]: 'ḥattā yalija al-jumal.' Al-Azharī [said]: as for His saying, Most High, «jimālāt ṣufr», al-Farrā' said: ʿAbdullāh and his companions recited it 'jimālat' (جمالت), and it is related from ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him, that he recited it 'jimālāt' (جمالات); he said: 'this is more preferable to me, because al-jimāl (الجمال) is more common than al-jimālah (الجمالة) in the speech of the Arabs — though it is permissible, as one says ḥajar/ḥijārah and dhakar/dhakārah, except that the former [pattern] is more common. So if you say jimālāt, its singular is jimāl, just as they said rijāl/rijālāt and buyūt/buyūtāt; and it is also possible that the singular of al-jimālāt is jimālah.' It is also related from some reciters [the reading] 'jimālātu,' with raf' [ḍammah] on the jīm — this may then relate to 'the summarized/totaled thing' (المجمل), and al-jimālāt would [in that case] be a plural of a plural of al-jimāl, just as they said al-rakhl and al-rikhāl (الرخل والرخال). Al-Azharī said: it is related from Ibn ʿAbbās that he said: al-jimālāt are ship-ropes, some joined to others until they become like the waists of men [in thickness]. Mujāhid said: jimālāt are the ropes of pontoon-bridges (الجسور). Al-Zajjāj said: whoever recites 'jimālāt' — it is the plural of jimālah, which is the qils among the ropes of sea-ships, or like the qils among the ropes of pontoon-bridges, and... [entry continues]