ودعPer Ibn Fāris: al-tark wa-l-takhliya, to leave and to set free/let alone. (root wd)

Al-wadʿ (الوَدْع) and al-wadʿah (الوَدْعَة), singular: small cowrie-shells that come out of the sea, used to adorn clusters [of dates/palm-fronds]; they are white. In its underside is a slit like the slit of a date-stone; it is hollow, and inside its hollow is a small creature like a tick. Dhū al-Rummah said: 'As though its waymarks, while the sun stood high, / were wadʿ-shells scattered singly and strung along its edges.' Al-daʿah (الدَّعَة): ease and rest in living. A man who is mutadaʿʿ (مُتَدَعّ): possessor of ease and rest. So-and-so attained noble qualities wādiʿan (وَادِعًا), i.e., without imposing hardship on himself. One says: wadaʿa yawdaʿu daʿatan (وَدَعَ يَوْدَعُ دَعَةً), and ittadaʿa tudaʿatan (اتَّدَعَ تُدَعَةً), like ittuhima tuhmatan and ittaʾada tuʾadatan. He said: 'Many a turmoil is better than ease (daʿah).' Al-tawdīʿ (التَّوْدِيع): to store a garment in a wrapping (ṣiwān), i.e., in a place unreached by wind or dust. Al-mīdaʿ (المِيدَع): a garment used as protection for another; the worn, everyday garment that is kept for safekeeping is also called by this name, so one says: 'a mīdaʿ garment.' He said: 'I cast off my garments except for the mīdaʿ.' Al-wadāʿ (الوَدَاع): your bidding your brother farewell upon departure. Al-wadāʿ also [means]: leaving and estrangement, being the farewell of separation; the verbal noun of each is tawdīʿ (تَوْدِيع). He said: 'On the morrow's morning every eye adorned with kohl bids farewell, and every hand dyed with henna.' And His saying, exalted is He: 'Mā waddaʿaka rabbuka wa-mā qalā' (Quran 93:3, 'Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor detested you'), meaning: He has not left you. Al-mawdūʿ (المَوْدُوع): the one left (al-mūdaʿ). He said: 'When you see the bucket left/abandoned...' The Arabs do not say 'wadaʿtuhu fa-anā wādiʿ' in the sense of 'I left it, so I am one who leaves.' Rather they say, in the negated past: 'lam yadaʿ' (he did not leave), in the imperative: 'daʿhu' (leave it!), and in the prohibition: 'lā tadaʿhu' (do not leave it!) — except when a poet is compelled by meter. As he said: 'And what they sent forth for themselves was more beneficial than what they left (wadaʿū),' i.e., 'left behind.' Al-Farazdaq said: 'And the bite of a time, O son of Marwān, has not left (lam yadaʿ) of wealth except what is utterly consumed or stripped bare.' As for whoever says 'lam yadaʿ' meaning 'lam yatruk' (did not leave), he implies in 'musḥat' and 'mujallaf' some governing word such as 'alladhī' or the like [to give them the nominative]. And whoever transmits 'lam yadaʿ' meaning 'lam yūtrak' (was not left), then its case is nominative without need for any implied governing word, as in your saying 'lam yuḍrab illā Zayd.' Its analogical form would have been 'lam yūdaʿ,' but the Arabs agreed to drop the wāw and said 'yadaʿ.' But when the agent is unknown [passive], you say 'lam yūdaʿ' and 'lam yūdhar,' and likewise for everything patterned like 'yūdaʿ'; all of this category follows the same rule — except that the Arabs found it lighter specifically in these two verbs, because of the weak letter affecting them as described, so they said 'lam yadaʿ' and 'lam yadhar' in one dialect.

Al-tawdīʿ (التَّوْدِيع) is [bidding farewell] at departure; its verbal noun is al-wadāʿ (الوَدَاع) with fatḥah. Tawdīʿ al-faḥl (تَوْدِيع الفَحْل): keeping the stallion solely for breeding [without work]. Concerning His saying, exalted is He: 'Mā waddaʿaka rabbuka' [Quran 93:3] — they said it means: He has not left you. Tawdīʿ al-thawb (تَوْدِيع الثَّوْب): placing a garment in a wrapper to preserve it. Al-wadaʿāt (الوَدَعَات): small cowrie-shells that come out of the sea, being white beads varying in size, small and large. The poet said: 'I do not cast my whip at the one adorned with wadaʿah-shells to deceive him — it is his heedlessness I intend.' Its singular is wadʿah (وَدْعَة), also wadaʿah (وَدَعَة) with vocalization. The poet said: 'And the forbearance is the forbearance of a child rubbing the wadaʿah-shell.' Al-daʿah (الدَّعَة): a lowering [of exertion]; the final hāʾ substitutes for the elided wāw. From it you say: 'wadaʿa al-rajul' (وَدُعَ الرَّجُلُ), with ḍammah, so he is wadīʿ (وَدِيع), i.e., calm, and also wādiʿ (وَادِع), like 'ḥamuḍa' becoming 'ḥāmiḍ.' One says: so-and-so attained noble deeds wādiʿan, without exertion. A man who is mutadaʿʿ: possessor of ease and rest. Al-muwādaʿah (المُوَادَعَة): reconciliation. Al-tawāduʿ (التَّوَادُع): mutual reconciliation. Their saying 'ʿalayka bi-l-mawdūʿ' (عَلَيْكَ بِالْمَوْدُوع): [hold to] calmness and dignity. One does not say from it 'wadaʿahu' [in this specific derivational form], just as one does not say from 'al-maʿsūr' and 'al-maysūr' the verbs 'ʿasarahu' and 'yasarahu.' Their saying 'daʿ dhā' (دَعْ ذَا): leave this — its origin is 'wadaʿa yadaʿu,' but its past tense has been rendered obsolete. One does not say 'wadaʿahu' but rather 'tarakahu,' and not 'wādiʿ' but rather 'tārik' — though it may occur under poetic necessity: 'wadaʿahu,' with passive participle 'mawdūʿ,' according to its origin. And he said: 'Would that I knew about my beloved, what it was that overcame him in love until he left her.' Khufāf ibn Nadbah said: 'When its ground is drenched from its sky, it runs while left alone (mawdūʿ) and true to its promise' — meaning left alone, neither struck nor urged on. Al-wadīʿah (الوَدِيعَة): singular of al-wadāʾiʿ (deposits). Al-Kisāʾī said: one says 'awdaʿtuhu mālan' — I gave him wealth to be held as a deposit with him; and 'awdaʿtuhu' also [applies] when he gives you wealth to be a deposit with you and you accept it — it is among the words of contrary meanings (aḍdād). 'Istawdaʿtuhu wadīʿatan': you asked him to safeguard it for you. The poet said: 'He entrusted knowledge to parchment, and it lost it — how bad a depository for knowledge is parchment!' Al-mīdaʿ (المِيدَع) and al-mīdaʿah (المِيدَعَة): singular of al-mawādiʿ. Al-Kisāʾī said: they are the worn-out garments used for everyday purposes, like rags (al-maʿāwiz). Al-awdaʿ (الأَوْدَع): one of the names of the jerboa. Wadʿān (وَدْعَان): a place-name.

The letters wāw, dāl, and ʿayn: a single root indicating leaving/abandoning and setting free. Wadaʿahu (وَدَعَهُ): he left it/him. From this is daʿ (دَعْ — 'leave!'), and it is recited: 'Would that I knew about my beloved, what it was / that overcame him in love until he left her (waddaʿahu).' From this also is waddaʿtuhu tawdīʿan (وَدَّعْتُهُ تَوْدِيعًا — 'I bade him farewell'). From this too is al-daʿah (الدَّعَة — ease/tranquility): a lowering [of exertion], as if it were a state in which whatever causes toil is left behind. A man described as mutadaʿʿ (مُتَدَعّ) is one possessing rest, who has attained something wādiʿan (وَادِعًا — 'at ease') without exertion. Al-wadīʿ (الوَدِيع) is the calm, still man. Al-muwādaʿah (المُوَادَعَة) is reconciliation and mutual cessation of hostility. And one says waddaʿtu al-thawb (وَدَّعْتُ الثَّوْبَ) fī ṣiwānihi, meaning I stored the garment in its wrapping-place; such a garment is called a mīdaʿ (مِيدَع).

Al-daʿah: ease/lowering [of exertion]. One says: 'wadaʿtu kadhā adaʿuhu wadʿan,' similar to 'taraktuhu' (I left it) — [i.e., left it] wādiʿan. Some scholars said: its past tense and active participle are not used; rather one says only 'yadaʿu' and 'daʿ' [imperative]. And it has been recited: 'Mā waddaʿaka rabbuka' [Quran, al-Ḍuḥā 93:3]. And the poet said: [entry continues]

Al-wadʿ (الوَدْع), al-wadaʿ (الوَدَع), and al-wadaʿāt (الوَدَعَات): small cowrie-shells that come out of the sea, used to adorn clusters [of dates]; they are white hollow beads, in whose undersides is a slit like that of a date-stone, varying in smallness and largeness; and it is said they are hollow, containing within their hollow a small creature like a tick. ʿAqīl ibn ʿUlfah said: 'I do not cast my whip at the one with the wadaʿah-shells to deceive him — it is his heedlessness that I intend.' Ibn Barrī said: the correct recitation is: 'I play with him, and it is his slip I intend.' Its singular is wadʿah and wadaʿah. 'Waddaʿa al-ṣabiyya' (وَدَّعَ الصَّبِيَّ): he placed wadʿ-shells around the child's neck. 'Waddaʿa al-kalba' (وَدَّعَ الكَلْبَ): he adorned the dog's neck with wadʿ-shells. He said: 'He collars with the leashes every fierce hunting-dog, among those fed on meat, not the lean ones' — meaning he adorns them with wadʿ-decorated leashes. Dhū al-wadʿ (ذو الوَدْع): the child, because he is adorned with them as long as he is small. Jamīl said: 'Did you not know, O mother of the one with the wadʿ-shells, that I laugh with joy at your memory, while you are unyielding?' — also transmitted as 'I am elated at your memory.' From this is the ḥadīth: 'Whoever hangs a wadaʿah-shell [as an amulet], may God not grant him ease (lā wadaʿa Allāhu lahu).' He forbade it only because they used to hang it out of fear of the evil eye. His saying 'lā wadaʿa Allāhu lahu' means: may God not place him in ease and calm — an expression derived from al-wadaʿah, i.e., may God not lighten for him what he fears. 'He yumarridunī al-wadʿ and yamruthunī' means: he deceives me as a child is deceived with the wadʿ-shell, being left to rub/chew it. It is said of the fool: 'he chews the wadʿ-shell,' likening him to a child. The poet said: 'And the forbearance is the forbearance of a child chewing the wadaʿah-shell.' Ibn Barrī said: al-Aṣmaʿī cited this verse in full in al-Aṣmaʿiyyāt, by a man of Tamīm: 'The teeth are those of a decrepit, worn-out old she-camel; and the mind is the mind of a child rubbing the wadaʿah-shell.' He said: and you say 'Zayd went out and waddaʿa (وَدَّعَ) his father, his son, his dog, his horse, and his coat of mail' — meaning: he bade farewell to his father upon departure, from tawdīʿ (farewell); 'waddaʿa his son' means he placed the wadʿ-shells on his neck; '[waddaʿa] his dog' means he collared it with wadʿ-shells; '[waddaʿa] his horse' means he gave it rest, so it is called a mudawwaʿ or mawdūʿ horse, contrary to analogy; '[waddaʿa] his coat of mail' and, generally, any object, means he stored it safely in its case. Al-daʿah and al-tudaʿah, as variant forms of each other: ease and rest in living; the hāʾ substitutes for the elided wāw. Al-wadīʿ: the calm, still man, possessor of tudaʿah. One also says 'dhū wadāʿah.' [The verb]: 'wadaʿa yawdaʿu daʿatan wa-wadāʿatan.' Ibn Barrī added: and 'wadaʿahu,' so he is wadīʿ and wādiʿ, i.e., calm. Shamir cited the words of ʿUbayd al-Rāʿī: 'Praise by which noble lineages shine, through which guarded honor is kept safe (tatawaddaʿu)' — meaning it protects and preserves it; or, it is said, meaning it settles it in its preservation, at ease (wādiʿan). One says: 'wadaʿa al-rajulu yadaʿu' when he came to ease and stillness; from this is the saying of Suwayd ibn Kurāʿ: 'A phantom kept the eye sleepless, not settling (lam yadaʿ), belonging to Sulaymā, so my heart is wrenched away' — meaning it did not remain and did not settle. One says: so-and-so attained noble deeds wādiʿan, i.e., without imposing hardship on himself in them. And 'tawaddaʿa' and 'ittadaʿa tudaʿatan wa-tadaʿatan' and 'waddaʿahu' [entry continues]