Jalalean Ethics (Practical Philosophy of the Muhammadan People)
اخلاق جلالی
Akhlāq-i Jalālī
Jalāl al-Dīn Dawānī (d. 908/1502)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Persian · 9th century AH · Listed only
Revises Ṭūsī with illuminationist (ishrāqī) touches;
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- c. 1475-77, Shiraz (for Uzun Hasan) (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Lithographs; Tehran · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- W. F. Thompson, Practical Philosophy of the Muhammadan People (London 1839) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: The Nasirean ethics The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
The Nasirean ethics
اخلاق ناصری
Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī
Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (597–672/1201–1274)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Persian · 7th century AH · Listed only
Three parts: ethics (Miskawayh), household management (tadbīr-i manzil), and the management of cities (siyāsat-i mudun);
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- 633/1235 (draft; unchecked) (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Mojtabā Mīnuvī and ʿAlī-Riḍā Ḥaydarī (Tehran 1356 sh/1977) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (London: Allen and Unwin 1964) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Opinions of the people of the virtuous city The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Resonance, not influence: Metaphysics of the Shifāʾ, book X (prophecy, law and the city) The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Resonance, not influence: The refinement of character (recorded as lineage, shown as a resonance until its reference is checked) The Platonic Current's note cites TDV (“Tûsî, Nasîrüddin”) as saying the Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī follows the Tahdhīb al-akhlāq, giving page comparisons. That note was reused; the TDV article was not re-read this session. Confidence: medium. probable
Metaphysics of the Shifāʾ, book X (prophecy, law and the city)
الإلهيات من الشفاء، المقالة العاشرة
al-Ilāhiyyāt min al-Shifāʾ, maqāla 10
Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (c. 370–428/980–1037)
Philosophy · Metaphysics and cosmology · Arabic · 5th century AH · Listed only
The closing book of the Metaphysics of the Shifāʾ: prophecy, the law-giver and the ordering of the city; his short Risāla fī l-siyāsa is a separate work.
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- c. 1020s, Hamadhan, Isfahan (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Cairo ed. (Mūsā, Dunyā, Zāyid 1960) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- Michael Marmura, The Metaphysics of the Healing (BYU 2005) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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The political regime (also called the Principles of existing things)
السياسة المدنية
al-Siyāsa al-madaniyya
al-Fārābī (c. 870–950)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 4th century AH · Listed only
The ruler, the virtuous city and its opposites, built from a doctrine of first principles.
- Attribution
- authentic: TDV names al-Siyāsa al-madaniyya (Mabādiʾ al-mawjūdāt), less systematic than the Madīna and complementing it. ✓ checked in Hasan Hüseyin Adalıoğlu, “Siyâsetnâme”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (2009)
- Date
- c. 940s (draft; unchecked), Baghdad, Aleppo/Damascus (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
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Spiritual Physick
الطب الروحاني
al-Ṭibb al-rūḥānī
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. c. 313/925)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 3rd century AH · Listed only
Reason as king of the soul against passion;
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- c. 900-925, Rayy (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Paul Kraus, Rasāʾil falsafiyya (Cairo 1939) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- A. J. Arberry, The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes (London 1950) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Republic The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Resonance, not influence: Phaedrus (chariot myth, 246a-254e) The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
Opinions of the people of the virtuous city
آراء أهل المدينة الفاضلة
Ārāʾ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila
al-Fārābī (c. 870–950)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 4th century AH · Listed only
The virtuous city is ruled by a philosopher-prophet whose emanation from the Active Intellect orders the city like the cosmos from the First Cause;
- Attribution
- authentic: TDV: al-Madīna al-fāḍila was written with a thought like the ideal city of Plato's Republic. ✓ checked in Hasan Hüseyin Adalıoğlu, “Siyâsetnâme”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (2009)
- Date
- c. 940s, Baghdad, Aleppo/Damascus (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Dunlop (Fuṣūl 1961); Walzer (Ārāʾ, Oxford 1985); Mahdi (Taḥṣīl) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- Walzer, Al-Farabi on the Perfect State (Oxford 1985); Mahdi tr. in Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle (1962); Najjar in Lerner and Mahdi, Medieval Political Philosophy (1963) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Laws The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Resonance, not influence: Republic (recorded as lineage, shown as a resonance until its reference is checked) SEP: al-Fārābī takes 'some inspiration' from the Republic and Laws, though his access to them may have been limited since a full Arabic translation is doubted; TDV likens his Madīna to the ideal city of Plato's Republic. No quotation or named borrowing has been checked. Confidence: medium. probable
Commentary on Plato's Republic
جوامع سياسة أفلاطون
Jawāmiʿ siyāsat Aflāṭūn
Ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126–1198)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 6th century AH · Listed only
Ibn Rushd's commentary on Plato's Republic, kept in Hebrew; it takes the Republic as the political philosophy he lacked in Aristotle's Politics.
- Attribution
- authentic: SEP: he wrote a commentary on Plato's Republic and begins it by saying he will abstract the demonstrative arguments and remove the dialectical ones. ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Ibn Rushd [Averroes]”
- Date
- c. 1194 (draft; unchecked) (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- E. I. J. Rosenthal (ed. and tr.), Averroes' Commentary on Plato's Republic (Cambridge UP, 1956): the Hebrew text with English translation; the Arabic original is lost · cite only probable
- Translations
- Ralph Lerner, Averroes on Plato's Republic (Cornell UP, 1974) · en · cite only probable
- Rosenthal 1956 (with the Hebrew text) · en · cite only probable
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Opinions of the people of the virtuous city The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Lineage: Republic It is a commentary on the Republic (SEP, which also notes that its brevity does not show deep knowledge of the whole text). Confidence: high. ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Ibn Rushd [Averroes]”; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “al-Farabi”
Pseudo-Aristotelian letters to Alexander (Arabic Alexander-romance epistolary corpus)
رسائل أرسطو إلى الإسكندر; الرسالة في السياسة للمدن
Rasāʾil Arisṭū ilā l-Iskandar; Risāla fī l-siyāsa li-l-mudun (Letter on the policy of cities)
Pseudo-Aristotle ((name borne by anonymous or later authors))
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 2nd century AH · Listed only
Aristotle, tutor of Alexander, counsels policy toward conquered cities and the control of the self;
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- 8th-9th c. Arabic, Umayyad/early Abbasid chancery (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- S. M. Stern, Aristotle on the World State (Oxford: Cassirer 1970); Maróth, The Correspondence between Aristotle and Alexander the Great (Piliscsaba 2006) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- Maróth (partial English) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Epistles of the Brethren of Purity; The Case of the Animals versus Man before the King of the Jinn
رسائل إخوان الصفا؛ نزاع الإنسان والحيوان
Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ; Tadāʿī al-ḥayawān ʿalā l-insān
Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (10th c. CE (anonymous group))
Philosophy · Other, or not yet classed · Arabic · 4th century AH · Listed only
Epistle 22 is a debate before a jinn-king;
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- 10th c., Basra (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Cairo/Beirut editions; Butrus al-Bustani (Beirut 1957) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- Lenn Goodman and Richard McGregor (OUP/IIS 2009) for the Animals; Epistles partial (IIS) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Republic The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Resonance, not influence: Kalīla and Dimna (Fables of Bidpai) The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
The Secret of Secrets
سر الأسرار / كتاب السياسة في تدبير الرياسة
Sirr al-asrār / Kitāb al-Siyāsa fī tadbīr al-riyāsa
Pseudo-Aristotle ((name borne by anonymous or later authors))
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 2nd century AH · Listed only
Aristotle teaches Alexander the 'secret' of kingship: justice, ministers, treasury, armies, health regimen, physiognomy, and the king's body as a kingdom ruled by reason.
- Attribution
- spurious: Presented as Aristotle's letter to Alexander; the Arabic version is credited to Yaḥyā (Yuḥannā) b. al-Biṭrīq, whom the TDV article names as its author or translator for the Ottoman reception. The Arabic origin and date are not yet checked. not yet checked
- Date
- Core 8th c.; two recensions (short, long) by 10th c., Umayyad/Abbasid chancery; Syria/Iraq (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī, al-Uṣūl al-yūnāniyya li-l-naẓariyyāt al-siyāsiyya fī l-Islām (Cairo 1954); Ismāʿīl/Manzalaoui; critical edition still a desideratum (Forster 2006) · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- English from Arabic: A. S. Fulton in Steele (1920); no standard modern English from the Arabic · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Regime (Rule) of the solitary
تدبير المتوحد
Tadbīr al-mutawaḥḥid
Ibn Bājja (Avempace) (c. 1085–1139)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 6th century AH · Listed only
In an imperfect city the philosopher must govern himself alone and perfect his intellect by himself: the political question turns inward.
- Attribution
- authentic: SEP gives it as his Tadbīr al-mutawaḥḥid, with Asín Palacios's edition and Spanish translation and Dunlop's 1945 article. ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Ibn Bajja [Avempace]”
- Date
- early 12th c., Saragossa, Fez (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- M. Asín Palacios (ed. and Spanish tr.), El régimen del solitario (Madrid, 1946), as cited in the SEP bibliography · cite only ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Ibn Bajja [Avempace]”
- Translations
- Lawrence Berman in Lerner and Mahdi (1963) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
Not in the reader yet
Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Opinions of the people of the virtuous city The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Lineage: Republic SEP: Avempace reads and quotes Plato, and turns the analogy the other way: the Republic takes the soul as the model of the city, he starts from the ideal city and carries its order into the solitary soul. A documented reading, with the direction reversed. Confidence: high. ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Ibn Bajja [Avempace]”
The refinement of character
تهذيب الأخلاق
Tahdhīb al-akhlāq
Miskawayh (c. 932–1030)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 4th century AH · Listed only
Character is formed by balancing the three soul-faculties (Platonic tripartition: rational, irascible, appetitive);
- Attribution
- authentic not yet checked
- Date
- c. 1000, Rayy/Baghdad (Buyid) (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Cairo ed. · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
- Translations
- Constantine Zurayk, The Refinement of Character (Beirut: AUB 1968) · en · cite only (unchecked) not yet checked
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Connected works
- Resonance, not influence: Republic The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
- Resonance, not influence: Phaedrus (chariot myth, 246a-254e) The first draft claims influence; not yet checked. not yet checked
Summary of Plato's Laws
تلخيص نواميس أفلاطون
Talkhīṣ Nawāmīs Aflāṭūn
al-Fārābī (c. 870–950)
Philosophy · Counsel and governance · Arabic · 4th century AH · Listed only
Al-Fārābī's short summary of Plato's Laws, surviving in Arabic.
- Attribution
- authentic: SEP: 'we certainly have al-Fārābī's Summary of Plato's Laws'. ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “al-Farabi”
- Date
- c. 940s (draft; unchecked), Baghdad, Aleppo/Damascus (basis: date of composition) not yet checked
- Editions
- Th.-A. Druart (ed., 1998), as cited in the SEP entry on al-Fārābī · cite only probable
- Translations
- Butterworth, in al-Fārābī, The Political Writings II (2015), as cited in the SEP entry · en · cite only probable
Not in the reader yet
Connected works
- Lineage: Laws A summary of the Laws by al-Fārābī; SEP says the Arabic text survives. Confidence: high. ✓ checked in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “al-Farabi”