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Mashrabaمشربة

Atlas

Chains of transmission from the Prophet, read as the sources give them.
About this atlas

The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.

بهاء الدين ولد

Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ)

Died 628/1231 · born 546/1151 · Balkh, Konya

Rūmī's father; preacher of Balkh, settled in Konya

Sources for this person

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The chain up to the Prophet

Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.

Route 1 of 3, the best-sourced: Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî). Tap a rule to read its basis, sources and checks.

Sources differ on 4 links of this route.

  1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
  3. Aḥmad al-Ghazālīأحمد الغزالي1126
  4. the community's own accountin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

    initiation · Aḥmad al-Ghazālī to Khaṭīb-i Balkhī · The community's own account

    Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

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    Not yet checked against a further reference.

    Khaṭīb-i Balkhīخطيب بلخي
  5. the community's own accountin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

    initiation · Khaṭīb-i Balkhī to Shams al-Aʾimma al-Sarakhsī · The community's own account

    Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

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    Not yet checked against a further reference.

    Shams al-Aʾimma al-Sarakhsīشمس الأئمة السرخسي
  6. the community's own accountin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)sources differ

    initiation · Shams al-Aʾimma al-Sarakhsī to Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ) · The community's own account

    Listed in the chain Aflākī gives in Manāqib al-ʿārifīn (II, 998), as reported by TDV Mevleviyye.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLEVİYYE

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    Not yet checked against a further reference.

    Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

    Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ)بهاء الدين ولد1231
Other routes (2)

Route 2 of 3: Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

Sources differ on 5 links of this route.

  1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
  3. Aḥmad al-Ghazālīأحمد الغزالي1126
  4. two sourcesthis step is recorded in Suhrawardiyya, not in Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

    companionship (ṣuḥba) · Aḥmad al-Ghazālī to Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī · Two independent sources

    TDV: Abū l-Najīb went to Isfahan, became Aḥmad al-Ghazālī's murīd and practised asceticism under him.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Ebü'n-Necîb (Reşat Öngören)'

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    Checked against

    • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2063-2077, chart L1745 · agreesCalls Aḥmad al-Ghazālī Abū l-Najīb's true guide.
    Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardīأبو النجيب السهروردي1168
  5. one sourcethis step is recorded in Suhrawardiyya, not in Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)omits: intermediaries the data does not namesources differ

    companionship (ṣuḥba) · Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī to Najm al-Dīn Kubrā · One source

    Fasīḥ Aḥmad-i Khwāfī (Mujmal-i Faṣīḥī, II, 319), as reported by TDV, records a silsila in which Najm al-Dīn Kubrā benefited from Abū l-Najīb directly. [omits: ʿAmmār al-Bidlīsī and Ismāʿīl al-Qaṣrī, Kubrā's masters] Omits: ʿAmmār b. Yāsir al-Bidlīsī (Abu'l-Najīb's khalifa, Kubrā's master).

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Ebü'n-Necîb (Reşat Öngören)'

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    Checked against

    • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2078-2083 · differsʿAmmār al-Bidlīsī and Ismāʿīl al-Qaṣrī, Abū l-Najīb's disciples, were the masters of Najm al-Dīn Kubrā.
    • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'KOBRAWIYA' (Hamid Algar), section i. The Eponym (online ed. 2021) · agreesKubrā's principal khirqa came from ʿAmmār Bedlisi, a khalifa of Abu'l-Najīb Sohravardī; no direct Abu'l-Najīb-Kubrā tie is stated.

    Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

    Najm al-Dīn Kubrāنجم الدين كبرى1221
  6. the community's own accountin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)sources differ

    initiation · Najm al-Dīn Kubrā to Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ) · The community's own account

    Sipahsālār calls Bahāʾ Walad a disciple of Najm al-Dīn Kubrā.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLÂNÂ CELÂLEDDİN-i RÛMÎTDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, BAHÂEDDİN VELED

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    Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

    Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ)بهاء الدين ولد1231

Route 3 of 3: Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

Sources differ on 5 links of this route.

  1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
  3. Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardīأبو النجيب السهروردي1168
  4. two sourcesthis step is recorded in Kubrawiyya, not in Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)

    initiation · Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī to ʿAmmār Yāsir al-Bidlīsī · Two independent sources

    TDV Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ: Ammār Yāsir al-Bitlīsī was a khalīfa of Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī; on this ground TDV says the Kubrawiyya can be regarded as a Suhrawardī branch.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ

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    Checked against

    • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2081-2088 · agreesAmong Abū l-Najīb's disciples: Ismāʿīl al-Qaṣrī and ʿAmmār al-Bidlīsī (d. c. 1200), masters of Kubrā.
    • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L1745-1753 · agreesKubrawī chart draws ʿAmmār al-Bidlīsī under Abū l-Najīb al-Suhrawardī.
    ʿAmmār Yāsir al-Bidlīsīعمار ياسر البدليسي
  5. two sourcesthis step is recorded in Kubrawiyya, not in Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)sources differ

    companionship (ṣuḥba) · ʿAmmār Yāsir al-Bidlīsī to Najm al-Dīn Kubrā · Two independent sources

    Ammār Yāsir was sent to train Kubrā; the only master named in Kubrā's own works.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ

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    Checked against

    • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3429-3433 · agreesAnother teacher was ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir al-Bidlīsī (d. c. 1200), though, on this account, his main training was under Ismāʿīl al-Qaṣrī.
    • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L2087-2088 · agreesʿAmmār and Ismāʿīl al-Qaṣrī are named as the masters of Najm al-Dīn Kubrā.

    Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

    • TDV Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ: Kubrā's chain runs through his shaykh Ammār Yāsir and Abū l-Najīb to Maʿrūf al-Karkhī; Kubrā's own works name only Ammār.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ
    • Fasīḥ Aḥmad-i Khwāfī (Mujmal-i Faṣīḥī, II, 319), as reported by TDV, records a silsila in which Kubrā benefited from Abū l-Najīb directly. The same TDV entry, citing Jāmī, names Ammār and Ismāʿīl Qaṣrī as the shaykhs who trained him (see Suhrawardiyya).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sühreverdî, Ebü'n-Necîb (Reşat Öngören)'
    • Trimingham (1971, p. 55): ʿAmmār was one teacher, but Kubrā's real training took place under Ismāʿīl al-Qaṣrī, who gave him the khirqa of tabarruk.Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971)
    Najm al-Dīn Kubrāنجم الدين كبرى1221
  6. the community's own accountin Mawlawiyya (Mevlevî)sources differ

    initiation · Najm al-Dīn Kubrā to Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ) · The community's own account

    Sipahsālār calls Bahāʾ Walad a disciple of Najm al-Dīn Kubrā.

    TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, MEVLÂNÂ CELÂLEDDİN-i RÛMÎTDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, BAHÂEDDİN VELED

    Suggest a correction

    Checked against

    Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

    Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ)بهاء الدين ولد1231
How to read the marks
  • Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
  • One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
  • The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
  • A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
  • The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
  • A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).

Who received from Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ)

2 recorded, each with the chain set it belongs to.

How to cite

Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Bahāʾ al-Dīn Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ)”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/figure/baha-walad (data of 31 October 2026).