Atlas

Route 2 of 9: The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 8 names (4 not shown)
3. Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
4. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

   successor of · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · Two independent sources

   Sixth Imam (d. 148/765).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81498-81510, L81801-81803 · agreesJaʿfar b. Muḥammad, born 80; died 148.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3672-3677 · agreesal-Ṣādiq was al-Bāqir's only child with offspring; born 80, died 148 (147 also given).
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L5685-5694 · agreesOne of the Twelve Imams for the Imāmiyya; born 80 (or 83); died Shawwāl 148 at Medina.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · Two independent sources

   Seventh Imam (d. 183/799), per the Twelver account.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3684-3693 · agreesMūsā b. Jaʿfar, called al-Kāẓim; born 128, died 183 in Baghdad in custody.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81825-81835, L81925 · agreesMūsā al-Kāẓim, born c. 128; died Rajab 183.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3677-3678 · agreesMūsā heads the list of al-Ṣādiq's five sons with offspring.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 88–89 · agreesMost Imāmī followers came to Mūsā; he is counted seventh Twelver imam and died in custody at Baghdad in 183/799.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ismāʿīlī account: the imamate passed through Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar and his son Muḥammad. TDV İsmâiliyye gives the reasons reported for Mūsā's designation instead of the elder Ismāʿīl: a report that Ismāʿīl died three years before his father, and a report about his conduct and his ties to Abū l-Khaṭṭāb.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Daftary (modern historian of Ismāʿīlism), reporting the Twelver position: the Twelvers claim a designation (naṣṣ) of Mūsā by al-Ṣādiq, supported by ḥadīths. Daftary adds that it is not certain al-Ṣādiq named anyone after Ismāʿīl. (ch. 3, p. 88)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799
6. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · Two independent sources

   Eighth Imam (d. 203/818).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L109575-109579, L109615, L109679 · agreesʿAlī al-Riḍā b. Mūsā al-Kāẓim; born 148; died Ramaḍān 203 at Ṭūs.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L23436-23455 · agreesSon of Mūsā al-Kāẓim; died 203 at Ṭūs (202 also given).
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3721-3724 · agreesal-Riḍā's descent continues through his son al-Jawād.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV İsnâaşeriyye: after al-Kāẓim's death, the groups who accepted that he had truly died became known as the Qaṭʿiyya.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 3 of 9: The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 7 names (3 not shown)
3. Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
4. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

   successor of · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · Two independent sources

   Sixth Imam (d. 148/765).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81498-81510, L81801-81803 · agreesJaʿfar b. Muḥammad, born 80; died 148.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3672-3677 · agreesal-Ṣādiq was al-Bāqir's only child with offspring; born 80, died 148 (147 also given).
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L5685-5694 · agreesOne of the Twelve Imams for the Imāmiyya; born 80 (or 83); died Shawwāl 148 at Medina.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · Two independent sources

   Seventh Imam (d. 183/799), per the Twelver account.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3684-3693 · agreesMūsā b. Jaʿfar, called al-Kāẓim; born 128, died 183 in Baghdad in custody.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81825-81835, L81925 · agreesMūsā al-Kāẓim, born c. 128; died Rajab 183.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3677-3678 · agreesMūsā heads the list of al-Ṣādiq's five sons with offspring.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 88–89 · agreesMost Imāmī followers came to Mūsā; he is counted seventh Twelver imam and died in custody at Baghdad in 183/799.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ismāʿīlī account: the imamate passed through Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar and his son Muḥammad. TDV İsmâiliyye gives the reasons reported for Mūsā's designation instead of the elder Ismāʿīl: a report that Ismāʿīl died three years before his father, and a report about his conduct and his ties to Abū l-Khaṭṭāb.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Daftary (modern historian of Ismāʿīlism), reporting the Twelver position: the Twelvers claim a designation (naṣṣ) of Mūsā by al-Ṣādiq, supported by ḥadīths. Daftary adds that it is not certain al-Ṣādiq named anyone after Ismāʿīl. (ch. 3, p. 88)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799
6. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · Two independent sources

   Eighth Imam (d. 203/818).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L109575-109579, L109615, L109679 · agreesʿAlī al-Riḍā b. Mūsā al-Kāẓim; born 148; died Ramaḍān 203 at Ṭūs.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L23436-23455 · agreesSon of Mūsā al-Kāẓim; died 203 at Ṭūs (202 also given).
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3721-3724 · agreesal-Riḍā's descent continues through his son al-Jawād.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV İsnâaşeriyye: after al-Kāẓim's death, the groups who accepted that he had truly died became known as the Qaṭʿiyya.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 4 of 9: Kubrawiyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings, not in Kubrawiyya

   read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · Two independent sources

   Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).

   Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 3917-3922

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   • al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L148 · agreesListed among the first ṭabaqa, those who read to the Messenger of God.
   • al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L156-L159 · agreesRijāl of ʿĀṣim: al-Sulamī took from ʿAlī, among others, from the Prophet.
   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcein Kubrawiyyaomits: al-Ḥusayn, ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad al-Bāqir, Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim (Trimingham App. A chart).

   initiation · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · One source

   Order's silsila runs from ʿAlī to Imām ʿAlī al-Riḍā (chain compressed by TDV).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ

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   • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13790-13813 · agreesAppendix A chart runs the ʿAlid line ʿAlī, al-Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā.
   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'KOBRAWIYA' (Hamid Algar), section i. The Eponym (no print volume shown; online ed. 2021) · silentArticle does not treat the ʿAlid imams as links in Kubrā's chain.
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 5 of 9: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 7 names (3 not shown)
3. Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
4. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

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   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799
6. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 6 of 9: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. the community's own accountin Qādiriyya

   initiation · The Prophet Muhammad to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib · The community's own account

   TDV Kādiriyye states that in Qādirī ijāzas the chain reaches Ḥaḍrat ʿAlī by two routes; the step from the Prophet to ʿAlī is implied there, not stated.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Not yet checked against a further reference.

   ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālibعلي بن أبي طالب661
3. one sourcethis step is recorded in Kubrawiyya, not in Qādiriyyaomits: al-Ḥusayn, ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad al-Bāqir, Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim (Trimingham App. A chart).

   initiation · ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · One source

   Order's silsila runs from ʿAlī to Imām ʿAlī al-Riḍā (chain compressed by TDV).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Necmeddîn-i Kübrâ

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), owner text, trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13790-13813 · agreesAppendix A chart runs the ʿAlid line ʿAlī, al-Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā.
   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'KOBRAWIYA' (Hamid Algar), section i. The Eponym (no print volume shown; online ed. 2021) · silentArticle does not treat the ʿAlid imams as links in Kubrā's chain.
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 7 of 9: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 7 names (3 not shown)
3. Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
4. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799
6. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 8 of 9: Kubrawiyya

≠Sources differ on 4 links of this route.

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. one sourcethis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   initiation · The Prophet Muhammad to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq · One source

   TDV Sıddîkıyye: in the earliest attested Khwājagān chain (Maqāmāt-i Yūsuf-i Hamadānī, attributed to Ghujduwānī) Hamadānī says the dhikr instruction 'first came to Abū Bakr's heart'; TDV traces how later Naqshbandī works explained this.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'

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   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, pp. 88, 90, 92 · agreesBuehler: Sirhindī stressed the Abū Bakr line; Bahāʾ al-Dīn named both the imams' golden chain and Abū Bakr descent.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Naqshbandī tradition: Maslak al-ʿārifīn (early 8th/14th c.) cites a report attributed to the Prophet, 'whatever God poured into my heart I poured into Abū Bakr's heart'; al-Qazwīnī (978/1570) adds that the Prophet taught Abū Bakr the dhikr of the heart three times in the cave of Thawr (as reported by TDV).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • TDV Sıddîkıyye: the Thawr-cave narration is not found in hadith and history works, the Sufi classics or the earliest Naqshbandī sources, though later Naqshbandī circles largely accepted it.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • The Naqshbandī shaykh Shihāb al-Dīn al-Marjānī of Kazan said the chain said to come through Abū Bakr has no scholarly basis (as reported by TDV).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • Buehler: three of the first six links of the Bakrī silsila are historically impossible (n. 14); Dina Le Gall, cited by him, finds 16th-17th c. Naqshbandī chains often give parallel Bakrī and ʿAlid derivations.Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, pp. 88, 90 n. 28
   Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīqأبو بكر الصديق634
3. one sourcethis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Kubrawiyya

   initiation · Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq to Salmān al-Fārisī · One source

   In Hemedânî's earliest-attested chain (via Gucdüvânî's Maqāmāt) the line passes from Abū Bakr to Salmān al-Fārisī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'the community's own account: naqshbandi.org, 'Origins' (Naqshbandi Haqqani Order's own golden chain)

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   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, p. 86 fig. 4 · agreesFigure 4 draws Abū Bakr then Salmān al-Fārisī among the Bakrī-line ancestors; text silent on the edge itself.
   Salmān al-Fārisīسلمان الفارسي656
4. the community's own accountthis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   initiation · Salmān al-Fārisī to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · The community's own account

   In the earliest attested chain (Hamadānī's words in the Maqāmāt, per TDV Sıddîkıyye) the line passes from Salmān directly to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'

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   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism' (Hamid Algar), Vol. XIV, Fasc. 4, pp. 356-362 · silentSays the main Naqshbandī line from the 8th/14th c. places Jaʿfar after his grandfather Qāsim, not directly after Salmān.
   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, p. 86 fig. 4 · differsFigure 4 routes Salmān to Qāsim b. Muḥammad and then Jaʿfar, not directly; OCR of the chart is imperfect.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Muḥammad Pārsā (Risāla-yi Qudsiyya) inserted Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr between Salmān and Jaʿfar.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • The order's own chain (Haqqani) lists Salmān, Qāsim, Jaʿfar in sequence.the community's own account: naqshbandi.org, 'Origins' (Naqshbandi Haqqani Order's own golden chain)
   • TDV Sıddîkıyye: from the 6th/12th century, amid Sunni–Shiʿi debate, some orders declared chains reaching ʿAlī, and in the 16th century some Kubrawīs in Samarqand implicitly objected to the Abū Bakr chain by saying the well-known orders came through ʿAlī. Naqshbandī chains through ʿAlī are not detailed in the sources read.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Nakşibendiyye'
   • Algar (Iranica 'Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq iii'): from the 8th/14th century the main Naqshbandī initiatic line places Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq between Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr and Bāyazid.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism' (Hamid Algar)
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   successor of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · Two independent sources

   Seventh Imam (d. 183/799), per the Twelver account.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   Checked against

   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3684-3693 · agreesMūsā b. Jaʿfar, called al-Kāẓim; born 128, died 183 in Baghdad in custody.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81825-81835, L81925 · agreesMūsā al-Kāẓim, born c. 128; died Rajab 183.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3677-3678 · agreesMūsā heads the list of al-Ṣādiq's five sons with offspring.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 88–89 · agreesMost Imāmī followers came to Mūsā; he is counted seventh Twelver imam and died in custody at Baghdad in 183/799.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ismāʿīlī account: the imamate passed through Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar and his son Muḥammad. TDV İsmâiliyye gives the reasons reported for Mūsā's designation instead of the elder Ismāʿīl: a report that Ismāʿīl died three years before his father, and a report about his conduct and his ties to Abū l-Khaṭṭāb.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Daftary (modern historian of Ismāʿīlism), reporting the Twelver position: the Twelvers claim a designation (naṣṣ) of Mūsā by al-Ṣādiq, supported by ḥadīths. Daftary adds that it is not certain al-Ṣādiq named anyone after Ismāʿīl. (ch. 3, p. 88)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799
6. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   successor of · Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · Two independent sources

   Eighth Imam (d. 203/818).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L109575-109579, L109615, L109679 · agreesʿAlī al-Riḍā b. Mūsā al-Kāẓim; born 148; died Ramaḍān 203 at Ṭūs.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L23436-23455 · agreesSon of Mūsā al-Kāẓim; died 203 at Ṭūs (202 also given).
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3721-3724 · agreesal-Riḍā's descent continues through his son al-Jawād.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV İsnâaşeriyye: after al-Kāẓim's death, the groups who accepted that he had truly died became known as the Qaṭʿiyya.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818

Route 9 of 9: Kubrawiyya

≠Sources differ on 5 links of this route.

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 6 names (2 not shown)
3. Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakrالقاسم بن محمد بن أبي بكر725
4. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   initiation · Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · Two independent sources

   In the same revised chain Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq follows Qāsim.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'the community's own account: naqshbandi.org, 'Origins' (Naqshbandi Haqqani Order's own golden chain)

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism' (Hamid Algar), Vol. XIV, Fasc. 4, pp. 356-362 · agreesNaqshbandī line puts Jaʿfar after Qāsim (his maternal grandfather); Iranica calls Qāsim's preceptorial role 'fanciful'.
   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, p. 86 fig. 4 · agreesFigure 4 places Qāsim b. Muḥammad between Salmān and Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Algar (Iranica): the attribution to Qāsim of a preceptorial function toward Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq 'seems therefore fanciful'; the imam did transmit hadith from him.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism' (Hamid Algar)
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   successor of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · Two independent sources

   Seventh Imam (d. 183/799), per the Twelver account.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3684-3693 · agreesMūsā b. Jaʿfar, called al-Kāẓim; born 128, died 183 in Baghdad in custody.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81825-81835, L81925 · agreesMūsā al-Kāẓim, born c. 128; died Rajab 183.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3677-3678 · agreesMūsā heads the list of al-Ṣādiq's five sons with offspring.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 88–89 · agreesMost Imāmī followers came to Mūsā; he is counted seventh Twelver imam and died in custody at Baghdad in 183/799.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ismāʿīlī account: the imamate passed through Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar and his son Muḥammad. TDV İsmâiliyye gives the reasons reported for Mūsā's designation instead of the elder Ismāʿīl: a report that Ismāʿīl died three years before his father, and a report about his conduct and his ties to Abū l-Khaṭṭāb.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Daftary (modern historian of Ismāʿīlism), reporting the Twelver position: the Twelvers claim a designation (naṣṣ) of Mūsā by al-Ṣādiq, supported by ḥadīths. Daftary adds that it is not certain al-Ṣādiq named anyone after Ismāʿīl. (ch. 3, p. 88)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799
6. ✓two sourcesthis step is recorded in The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines, not in Kubrawiyya≠sources differ

   successor of · Mūsā al-Kāẓim to ʿAlī al-Riḍā · Two independent sources

   Eighth Imam (d. 203/818).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L109575-109579, L109615, L109679 · agreesʿAlī al-Riḍā b. Mūsā al-Kāẓim; born 148; died Ramaḍān 203 at Ṭūs.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L23436-23455 · agreesSon of Mūsā al-Kāẓim; died 203 at Ṭūs (202 also given).
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3721-3724 · agreesal-Riḍā's descent continues through his son al-Jawād.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • TDV İsnâaşeriyye: after al-Kāẓim's death, the groups who accepted that he had truly died became known as the Qaṭʿiyya.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye
   ʿAlī al-Riḍāعلي الرضا818