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Route 2 of 6: The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 7 names (3 not shown)
3. ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīnعلي زين العابدين713
4. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

   successor of · ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn to Muḥammad al-Bāqir · Two independent sources

   Fifth Imam (d. 114/733, marked with a query in TDV).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L62011-62015, L62163-62165 · agreesal-Bāqir is his son; died 114 per Abū Nuʿaym and others, 117 also reported; birth 56 AH.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3649-3652, L3668-3671 · agreesal-Bāqir listed first among Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's sons; born 59, died Rabīʿ II 114.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L30679-30689 · agreesDeath given as 113, 114, 117 or 118; birth 3 Ṣafar 57.
   Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
5. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

   successor of · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · Two independent sources

   Sixth Imam (d. 148/765).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81498-81510, L81801-81803 · agreesJaʿfar b. Muḥammad, born 80; died 148.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3672-3677 · agreesal-Ṣādiq was al-Bāqir's only child with offspring; born 80, died 148 (147 also given).
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L5685-5694 · agreesOne of the Twelve Imams for the Imāmiyya; born 80 (or 83); died Shawwāl 148 at Medina.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
6. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · Two independent sources

   Seventh Imam (d. 183/799), per the Twelver account.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3684-3693 · agreesMūsā b. Jaʿfar, called al-Kāẓim; born 128, died 183 in Baghdad in custody.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81825-81835, L81925 · agreesMūsā al-Kāẓim, born c. 128; died Rajab 183.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3677-3678 · agreesMūsā heads the list of al-Ṣādiq's five sons with offspring.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 88–89 · agreesMost Imāmī followers came to Mūsā; he is counted seventh Twelver imam and died in custody at Baghdad in 183/799.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ismāʿīlī account: the imamate passed through Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar and his son Muḥammad. TDV İsmâiliyye gives the reasons reported for Mūsā's designation instead of the elder Ismāʿīl: a report that Ismāʿīl died three years before his father, and a report about his conduct and his ties to Abū l-Khaṭṭāb.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Daftary (modern historian of Ismāʿīlism), reporting the Twelver position: the Twelvers claim a designation (naṣṣ) of Mūsā by al-Ṣādiq, supported by ḥadīths. Daftary adds that it is not certain al-Ṣādiq named anyone after Ismāʿīl. (ch. 3, p. 88)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799

Route 3 of 6: The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 6 names (2 not shown)
3. ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīnعلي زين العابدين713
4. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

   successor of · ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn to Muḥammad al-Bāqir · Two independent sources

   Fifth Imam (d. 114/733, marked with a query in TDV).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L62011-62015, L62163-62165 · agreesal-Bāqir is his son; died 114 per Abū Nuʿaym and others, 117 also reported; birth 56 AH.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3649-3652, L3668-3671 · agreesal-Bāqir listed first among Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's sons; born 59, died Rabīʿ II 114.
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L30679-30689 · agreesDeath given as 113, 114, 117 or 118; birth 3 Ṣafar 57.
   Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
5. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines

   successor of · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · Two independent sources

   Sixth Imam (d. 148/765).

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81498-81510, L81801-81803 · agreesJaʿfar b. Muḥammad, born 80; died 148.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3672-3677 · agreesal-Ṣādiq was al-Bāqir's only child with offspring; born 80, died 148 (147 also given).
   • Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān (OpenITI), wafayat#L5685-5694 · agreesOne of the Twelve Imams for the Imāmiyya; born 80 (or 83); died Shawwāl 148 at Medina.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
6. ✓two sourcesin The Prophet's family: descent and imamate lines≠sources differ

   successor of · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · Two independent sources

   Seventh Imam (d. 183/799), per the Twelver account.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsnâaşeriyye

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   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3684-3693 · agreesMūsā b. Jaʿfar, called al-Kāẓim; born 128, died 183 in Baghdad in custody.
   • al-Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ (OpenITI), siyar#L81825-81835, L81925 · agreesMūsā al-Kāẓim, born c. 128; died Rajab 183.
   • Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib (OpenITI), umda#L3677-3678 · agreesMūsā heads the list of al-Ṣādiq's five sons with offspring.
   • Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007), ch. 3, pp. 88–89 · agreesMost Imāmī followers came to Mūsā; he is counted seventh Twelver imam and died in custody at Baghdad in 183/799.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Ismāʿīlī account: the imamate passed through Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar and his son Muḥammad. TDV İsmâiliyye gives the reasons reported for Mūsā's designation instead of the elder Ismāʿīl: a report that Ismāʿīl died three years before his father, and a report about his conduct and his ties to Abū l-Khaṭṭāb.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, İsmâiliyye
   • Daftary (modern historian of Ismāʿīlism), reporting the Twelver position: the Twelvers claim a designation (naṣṣ) of Mūsā by al-Ṣādiq, supported by ḥadīths. Daftary adds that it is not certain al-Ṣādiq named anyone after Ismāʿīl. (ch. 3, p. 88)Farhad Daftary, The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Cambridge UP, 2nd ed. 2007)
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799

Route 4 of 6: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 6 names (2 not shown)
3. ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīnعلي زين العابدين713
4. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn to Muḥammad al-Bāqir · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

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   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
5. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
6. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799

Route 5 of 6: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. Show all 6 names (2 not shown)
3. ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīnعلي زين العابدين713
4. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn to Muḥammad al-Bāqir · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Muḥammad al-Bāqirمحمد الباقر733
5. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Muḥammad al-Bāqir to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
6. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799

Route 6 of 6: Qādiriyya

1. The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
2. one sourcethis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Qādiriyya≠sources differ

   initiation · The Prophet Muhammad to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq · One source

   TDV Sıddîkıyye: in the earliest attested Khwājagān chain (Maqāmāt-i Yūsuf-i Hamadānī, attributed to Ghujduwānī) Hamadānī says the dhikr instruction 'first came to Abū Bakr's heart'; TDV traces how later Naqshbandī works explained this.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'

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   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, pp. 88, 90, 92 · agreesBuehler: Sirhindī stressed the Abū Bakr line; Bahāʾ al-Dīn named both the imams' golden chain and Abū Bakr descent.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Naqshbandī tradition: Maslak al-ʿārifīn (early 8th/14th c.) cites a report attributed to the Prophet, 'whatever God poured into my heart I poured into Abū Bakr's heart'; al-Qazwīnī (978/1570) adds that the Prophet taught Abū Bakr the dhikr of the heart three times in the cave of Thawr (as reported by TDV).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • TDV Sıddîkıyye: the Thawr-cave narration is not found in hadith and history works, the Sufi classics or the earliest Naqshbandī sources, though later Naqshbandī circles largely accepted it.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • The Naqshbandī shaykh Shihāb al-Dīn al-Marjānī of Kazan said the chain said to come through Abū Bakr has no scholarly basis (as reported by TDV).TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • Buehler: three of the first six links of the Bakrī silsila are historically impossible (n. 14); Dina Le Gall, cited by him, finds 16th-17th c. Naqshbandī chains often give parallel Bakrī and ʿAlid derivations.Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, pp. 88, 90 n. 28
   Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīqأبو بكر الصديق634
3. one sourcethis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Qādiriyya

   initiation · Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq to Salmān al-Fārisī · One source

   In Hemedânî's earliest-attested chain (via Gucdüvânî's Maqāmāt) the line passes from Abū Bakr to Salmān al-Fārisī.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'the community's own account: naqshbandi.org, 'Origins' (Naqshbandi Haqqani Order's own golden chain)

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   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, p. 86 fig. 4 · agreesFigure 4 draws Abū Bakr then Salmān al-Fārisī among the Bakrī-line ancestors; text silent on the edge itself.
   Salmān al-Fārisīسلمان الفارسي656
4. the community's own accountthis step is recorded in Naqshbandiyya, not in Qādiriyya≠sources differ

   initiation · Salmān al-Fārisī to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq · The community's own account

   In the earliest attested chain (Hamadānī's words in the Maqāmāt, per TDV Sıddîkıyye) the line passes from Salmān directly to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq.

   TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'

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   • Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism' (Hamid Algar), Vol. XIV, Fasc. 4, pp. 356-362 · silentSays the main Naqshbandī line from the 8th/14th c. places Jaʿfar after his grandfather Qāsim, not directly after Salmān.
   • Arthur F. Buehler, Sufi Heirs of the Prophet (Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1998), ch. 4, p. 86 fig. 4 · differsFigure 4 routes Salmān to Qāsim b. Muḥammad and then Jaʿfar, not directly; OCR of the chart is imperfect.

   Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.

   • Muḥammad Pārsā (Risāla-yi Qudsiyya) inserted Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr between Salmān and Jaʿfar.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'
   • The order's own chain (Haqqani) lists Salmān, Qāsim, Jaʿfar in sequence.the community's own account: naqshbandi.org, 'Origins' (Naqshbandi Haqqani Order's own golden chain)
   • TDV Sıddîkıyye: from the 6th/12th century, amid Sunni–Shiʿi debate, some orders declared chains reaching ʿAlī, and in the 16th century some Kubrawīs in Samarqand implicitly objected to the Abū Bakr chain by saying the well-known orders came through ʿAlī. Naqshbandī chains through ʿAlī are not detailed in the sources read.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Sıddîkıyye'TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Nakşibendiyye'
   • Algar (Iranica 'Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq iii'): from the 8th/14th century the main Naqshbandī initiatic line places Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq between Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr and Bāyazid.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism' (Hamid Algar)
   Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiqجعفر الصادق765
5. one sourcein Qādiriyya

   family descent · Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq to Mūsā al-Kāẓim · One source

   Next imam in the Qādirī 'silsile-i zeheb' through the Ahl al-bayt imams; TDV Kādiriyye refers to these imams as a group, and this step follows a secondary list.

   Wikipedia, 'Qadiri Order' (secondary; silsila chains B cites Abun-Nasr 2007 pp. 86-96, not independently checked)TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 'Kādiriyye'

   Suggest a correction

   Checked against

   • Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L13795-13813 (App. A chart) · agreesChart gives ʿAlī, Ḥusayn, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, al-Bāqir, al-Ṣādiq, al-Kāẓim, al-Riḍā in this descent.
   Mūsā al-Kāẓimموسى الكاظم799