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Mashrabaمشربة

Atlas

Chains of transmission from the Prophet, read as the sources give them.
About this atlas

The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.

Change chain set

Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye) الخلوتية

Sufi orders · ʿUmar al-Khalwatī · c. 1300s · Lāhījān

An order named for retreat (khalwa), traced by TDV to ʿUmar al-Khalwatī and, through Akhī Muḥammad, to the Zāhidiyya line of Ibrāhīm Zāhid-i Gīlānī; Yaḥyā Shirvānī in Shamakhi shaped it. It spread to Anatolia, Istanbul, Egypt and the Maghrib. The TDV pages read give no links before Zāhid-i Gīlānī.

How to read the marks
  • Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
  • One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
  • The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
  • A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
  • The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
  • A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).

The sources read so far record no route from the Prophet to ʿUmar al-Khalwatī in this chain set. The founder is shown alone.

Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.

  • two sources
  • one source
  • the community's own account
  • names omitted
  • sources differ
  1. 632
  2. 1397

An order named for retreat (khalwa), traced by TDV to ʿUmar al-Khalwatī and, through Akhī Muḥammad, to the Zāhidiyya line of Ibrāhīm Zāhid-i Gīlānī; Yaḥyā Shirvānī in Shamakhi shaped it. It spread to Anatolia, Istanbul, Egypt and the Maghrib. The TDV pages read give no links before Zāhid-i Gīlānī.

How to read the marks
  • Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
  • One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
  • The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
  • A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
  • The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
  • A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).

Branches (4)

Each opens as a side-chain from the founder, with the same marks.

Rūshaniyyaالروشنيةd. 892/1487 · 2 names
  1. يحيى الشيرواني1463

  2. two sources

    عمر روشني1487
Gülshaniyyaالكلشنيةd. 940/1534 · Cairo · 2 names
  1. عمر روشني1487

  2. two sources

    إبراهيم گلشني1534
Jamāliyyaالجماليةd. 899/1494 · Istanbul · 2 names
  1. يحيى الشيرواني1463

  2. the community's own account · omits: intermediaries the data does not name

    جمال الخلوتي1494
Sünbüliyyaالسنبليةd. 936/1529 · Istanbul · 2 names
  1. جمال الخلوتي1494

  2. the community's own account

    سنبل سنان1529
Aḥmediyyaالأحمديةd. 910/1504 · 4 names
  1. أحمد شمس الدين1504

  2. the community's own account

    عز الدين علي القراماني

  3. the community's own account

    قاسم جلبي

  4. the community's own account

    محيي الدين القره حصاري
UshshākiyyaالأشاقيةHüsâmeddin Uşşâkî d. 1001/1593

No chain is recorded for this branch in the sources read.

Ramaḍāniyyaالرمضانيةd. 1025/1616 · 7 names
  1. محيي الدين القره حصاري

  2. the community's own account

    رمضان المحفي1616

  3. the community's own account

    مستجي علي

  4. the community's own account

    مستجي زاده إبراهيم

  5. the community's own account

    دباغ علي

  6. the community's own account

    علي لوفجوي

  7. the community's own account

    علاء الدين علي الكوستنديلي1730
Jarrāḥiyya (Cerrâhiyye)الجراحيةfrom 1115/1703 · Istanbul · 6 names
  1. علاء الدين علي الكوستنديلي1730

  2. the community's own account

    نور الدين الجراحي1721

  3. one source · omits: intermediaries the data does not name

    مظفر أوزاك1985

  4. one source

    صفر دال1999

  5. one source

    عمر طغرل إينانجر2022

  6. one source

    أحمد أوزهان
Shaʿbāniyyaالشعبانيةd. 976/1569 · Kastamonu · 2 names
  1. خير الدين التوقادي

  2. two sources

    شعبان ولي1569
Qarabashiyyaالقرباشيةmoved to Istanbul 1670 · Istanbul

No chain is recorded for this branch in the sources read.

Bakriyyaالبكريةd. 1162/1749 · 2 names
  1. عبد اللطيف الحلبي

  2. two sources

    مصطفى البكري1749
ḤifniyyaالحفنيةCairo

No chain is recorded for this branch in the sources read.

Sammāniyyaالسمانيةd. 1189/1776 · Medina · 3 names
  1. محمد السمان1776

  2. one source

    الشيخ أحمد الطيب

  3. one source · omits: intermediaries the data does not name

    الشيخ الطيب عبد الوهاب الحاج الطيب

Living today

Public roles only, as the communities and the press report them, dated.

How to cite

Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/khalwatiyya (data of 31 October 2026).

Not yet confirmed (12)

These links are told by an order or a secondary source and still have to be read against a primary or reference source.

  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) TDV Shaʿbāniyya: Shaʿbān's silsila runs back through Cemâl-i Halvetî and Yaḥyā; direct step not spelled out. Curry's reading of Hulvî: omits Muhammad el-Erzincânî.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Sünbül Sinān's shaykh was Cemâl-i Halvetî, whom he succeeded.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) First link below Yiğitbaşı in the Cerrâhî chain.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed in TDV Cerrâhiyye.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Chain as listed.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye)) Köstendilī is named Nūr al-Dīn's shaykh.
Where the sources differ (6)
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye))
    • Trimingham (1971, p. 74 and chart) gives Muḥammad Nūr al-Khalwatī (= Akhī Mehmed al-Khwārizmī) a death date of 1350, against 780/1378-79 in the atlas (TDV), and has Ibrāhīm al-Zāhid die between 690 and 700/1291-1300.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye))
    • Some sources name Muḥammad b. Nūr al-Bālisī as ʿUmar's shaykh, or treat Zāhid-i Gīlānī or Yaḥyā Shirvānī as the order's pīr rather than ʿUmar.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye))
    • Trimingham (1971, p. 77, n. 2): according to some sources Yaḥyā-i Shirwānī was Ibrāhīm Gülsheni's successor at Baku; Evliya Çelebi writes that ʿUmar Rūshenī and Gülsheni were both successors of Yaḥyā. Trimingham's chart dates Yaḥyā d. c. 1460 (atlas 868/1463-64, TDV).
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye))
    • TDV Halvetiyye instead says Habīb Qarāmānī's khalīfa Cemâleddin İshak Karamânî (Cemal Halife, d. 933/1527) took the line to Istanbul; whether he is the same man as Cemâl-i Halvetî (d. 899/1494) is not settled in the pages read.
    • Curry, reading Hulvî's Lemezât (Table 1, p. 302): the primary chain runs Yahyâ-yı Şirvânî (21), Muhammad el-Erzincânî (22), Cemâl el-Halvetî (23).
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye))
    • TDV gives Nūr al-Dīn d. 1133/1721 but his shaykh d. 1143/1730; the dates cannot both be right.
  • (Khalwatiyya (Halvetiyye))
    • TDV Bekriyye (Halvetiyye) says only that his silsila reaches the Shaʿbāniyya through Qarabash Walī.