خرجPer Ibn Fāris: two origins — passing clean out of a thing, and a difference/variegation … (root khrj)

Al-khurūj (الخروج): the opposite of entering (dukhūl). Kharaja yakhruju khurūjan (خرج يخرج خروجا), so he is khārij (خارج). And ikhtarajtu r-rajula (اخترجت الرجل) and istakhrajtuhu (استخرجته) mean the same. And nāqatun mukhtarajatun (ناقة مخترجة): came out shaped like a [Bactrian] camel. And al-khurūj (الخروج): clouds at their first forming. And al-kharj and al-kharāj (الخرج والخراج): what comes out yearly from wealth [as tax] in a known amount. And al-kharāj (الخراج): a swelling/ulcer that emerges of itself. Al-Khalīl said: al-khurūj (الخروج) [in prosody] is the alif that comes after the ṣila (connective letter) in the rhyme (qāfiya), as in the line of Labīd: "The dwellings have been effaced, both their site and their standing place." The rawī (main rhyme-consonant) is the mīm, and the hāʾ after the mīm is the ṣila, because it is joined to the rawī, and the alif after it is the khurūj. And al-kharāj wa-l-kharīj (الخراج والخريج): mukhārajah (مخارجة), a game of young Arab men. And al-khurūj (الخروج): the going-forth of a man of letters, a driver, and the like — he yukhriju fa-yakhruju (يخرج فيخرج), so he is kharīj (خريج). And al-khārijiyya (الخارجية): horses [that do] not have ancestral pedigree in excellence yet emerge as front-runners. And al-khārijī (الخارجي): one who had no nobility among his forefathers, so he 'goes out' (yakhruju) and becomes noble by his own effort. And it is said 'the cloud brings forth the cloud,' just as [it is said] 'the night brings forth darkness' [a figurative usage]. And al-akhraj (الأخرج): the mukāʾ-bird. And al-akhraj (الأخرج): a color whose blackness exceeds its whiteness, like the color of ash. And al-akhraj (الأخرج) among goats, ostriches, and mountains is what has this description. And qāratun kharjāʾ (قارة خرجاء): a hillock of two colors. And al-kharj, pl. al-kharja (الخرج، الخرجة): a saddlebag with two pouches. The Arabs have a well dug at the foot of a two-colored (akhraj) mountain which they call ukhrajah (أخرجة), and a well dug at the foot of a black mountain which they call aswadah (أسودة) — they derived two names from the description of the two mountains. And ikhtarajūhu min as-sijni (اخترجوه من السجن): i.e. istakhrajūhu (استخرجوه), they extracted him from prison. And arḍun mukhrajatun (أرض مخرجة): its takhrīj (تخريج) is that its vegetation grows in one place but not another, so you see the whiteness of the land amid the greenness of the plants. [Cross-entry, jakhr]: al-jakhrāʾ (الجخراء): the foul-smelling [pit/place].

Kharaja khurūjan wa-makhrajan (خرج خروجا ومخرجا). Al-makhraj (المخرج) may sometimes be the place of going out; one says 'kharaja makhrajan ḥasanan' (خرج مخرجا حسنا) and 'hādhā makhrajuhu' (هذا مخرجه) — this is his place of exit. As for al-makhraj (المخرج), it may [also] be the verbal noun (maṣdar) of your saying 'akhrajahu' (أخرجه), or the object [of the verb], or the noun of place and time; you say 'akhrajanī makhraja ṣidqin' (أخرجني مخرج صدق) and 'hādhā makhrajuhu' (هذا مخرجه) — because when a verb exceeds three [root] letters the mīm [of its passive/derived noun] takes ḍamma, as with daḥraja (دحرج) → 'hādhā mudaḥrajunā' (هذا مدحرجنا); so makhraj was treated analogously to quadriliteral verbs. And al-istikhrāj (الاستخراج) is like al-istinbāṭ (الاستنباط) [deduction/extraction]. And al-kharj and al-kharāj (الخرج والخراج): the tribute/tax (al-itāwa); its plurals are akhrāj (أخراج), akhārīj (أخاريج), and akhrijah (أخرجة). And al-kharj (الخرج): a place-name in al-Yamāma. And al-kharj (الخرج): clouds at their first forming. One says 'kharaja lahu kharjun ḥasanun' (خرج له خرج حسن) — a fine cloud-formation appeared for him. And al-kharj (الخرج): the opposite of ad-dakhl (الدخل) [income]. And 'kharrajahu fī l-adab fa-takharraja' (خرجه في الأدب فتخرج) — he trained him in letters and he became trained; he is 'kharīju fulānin' (خريج فلان), on the pattern faʿīl (فعيل) with doubling, like ʿanīn (عنين), in the sense of a passive participle (mafʿūl). And nāqatun mukhtarajatun (ناقة مخترجة): if it came out shaped like a camel. And al-kharj (الخرج) among vessels [i.e., saddlebag] is well known, and it is [genuine] Arabic; its plural is khirajah (خرجة), like juḥr/juḥrah (جحر/جحرة). And al-kharāj (الخراج): what emerges on the body in the way of ulcers. And 'rajulun kharajatun wa-lajatun' (رجل خرجة ولجة), on the pattern of hamza (intensive noun-pattern): much given to going out and coming in. And al-khārijī (الخارجي): one who becomes a chief by himself without any ancestral precedent. And Banū al-Khārijiyya (بنو الخارجية): a group of the Arabs, the nisba to whom is khārijī. And their saying: 'faster than the marriage of Umm Khārijah' [proverb]. She was a woman of Bajīla who bore many of the tribes of the Arabs; when asked in marriage, they used to say 'khiṭb' and she would say 'nakaḥ' [I accept] — [hence the swiftness]. Khārijah was her son, and it is not known by whom he was fathered. It is said he was Khārijah ibn Bakr ibn Yashkur ibn ʿAdwān ibn ʿAmr ibn Qays ʿAylān. And al-kharaj (الخرج), with fatḥa: two colors, black and white. One says 'kabshun akhraju' (كبش أخرج) and 'ẓalīmun akhraju bayyinu l-kharaji' (ظليم أخرج بين الخرج). Al-ʿAjjāj said: "Indeed, when the kindler of wars stirs it aflame, and I have donned for death a two-colored garment" — meaning: I donned for war a garment marked with white and red from the smear of blood, i.e. it became renowned like the fame of a piebald [horse]. And you say 'ikhrajjati n-naʿāmatu ikhrijājan' (اخرجت النعامة اخرجاجا) and 'ikhrājjat ikhrījājan' (اخراجت اخريجاجا) — it became kharjāʾ (خرجاء) [two-colored]. And al-kharjāʾ (الخرجاء) of sheep: one whose legs are white together with the flanks, according to Abū Zayd. And 'takhrīju r-rāʿiyati l-martaʿa' (تخريج الراعية المرتع): that it eats part of the pasture and leaves part. And 'arḍun mukhrajatun' (أرض مخرجة): its vegetation grows in one place but not another. And 'ʿāmun fīhi takhrījun' (عام فيه تخريج): a year of both fertility and drought [mixed]. And al-kharīj (الخريج): a game of theirs in which one says 'kharāji, kharāji' (خراج خراج), like [the diptote] Qaṭāmi. Al-Hudhalī said: "I stayed sleepless for her at nightfall, as though it were torches, among which is called..." [entry continues]

Kha, Ra, Jim (خ ر ج) have two root meanings, and it might be possible to combine them, but we have followed the clear path. The first is: passing out from something. The second is: the difference of two colors. As for the first: our saying kharaja yakhruju khurūjan (خرج يخرج خروجا) 'to go out'; and al-kharāj (الخراج) — a swelling/abscess on the body; and al-kharāj and al-kharj (الخراج والخرج) — the tribute/tax, because it is wealth that the payer 'brings out.' And al-khārijī (الخارجي) — the man who becomes a chief by himself without having any ancestral precedent, as if he 'went out' (kharaja) by his own effort; it is like what is said: 'nafsu ʿiṣāmin sawwadat ʿiṣāmā' — "Iṣām's own soul made Iṣām a chief." And al-khurūj (الخروج) is the emergence/forming of a cloud; one says 'mā aḥsana khurūjahā' — 'how fine is its formation.' And 'fulānun kharīju fulānin' (فلان خريج فلان) — so-and-so is the pupil of so-and-so, if he learns from him, as if the teacher is the one who brought him out of the state of ignorance. One says 'nāqatun mukhtarajatun' (ناقة مخترجة) if a she-camel came out formed like a [male] camel. And al-khurūj (الخروج) is a she-camel that separates from the herd and kneels apart — this too is from the notion of 'going out.' And al-kharīj (الخريج), as it is said, is a game played by young Arab men, in which one says 'kharāji, kharāji' (خراج خراج). Al-Hudhalī said: "I stayed sleepless for her at nightfall, as though it [what appeared] were torches, among which 'kharīj' is called out." And Banū al-Khārijiyya (بنو الخارجية) is a tribe, and the relational adjective (nisba) to it is khārijī. As for the other root-meaning: al-kharaj (الخرج) is two colors, black and white. One says 'naʿāmatun kharjāʾ' (نعامة خرجاء) — an ostrich hen of two colors, and 'ẓalīmun akhraju' (ظليم أخرج) — a male ostrich of two colors. And it is said that al-kharjāʾ (الخرجاء) is a ewe whose legs are white up to its flank. From this chapter also: 'arḍun mukhrajatun' (أرض مخرجة) — land whose vegetation grows in one place but not another. And 'kharajati r-rāʿiyatu l-martaʿa' (خرجت الراعية المرتع) — the grazing animal ate part [of the pasture] and left part, which is [an instance of] what we mentioned regarding the difference of two colors.

Kharaja khurūjan (خرج خروجا): to emerge from one's place or condition, whether the place be a house, a land, or a garment, and whether the condition be internal or pertaining to one's external circumstances. God Most High said: "So he left it, fearful, vigilant" (Qur'an 28:21). And He said: "It is not for you to be arrogant therein, so go forth" (Qur'an 7:13). And He said: "and no fruits emerge from their coverings" (Qur'an 41:47). "Then is there any way to go out?" (Qur'an 40:11) — meaning they wish to leave the Fire. "And they will not leave it" (Qur'an 5:37). Al-ikhrāj (الإخراج) [the causative, 'to bring out'] is mostly used of concrete things (aʿyān), as in: "Indeed you will be brought forth" (Qur'an 23:35); and He, Mighty and Majestic, said: "just as your Lord brought you out from your home in truth" (Qur'an 8:5); "and We will bring forth for him on the Day of Resurrection a record" (Qur'an 17:13); and He said: "Bring out your souls" (Qur'an 6:93); and: "Expel the family of Lot from your town" (Qur'an 27:56). It is also said of the creative act (takwīn) which is an act of God Most High: "and God brought you forth from your mothers' wombs" (Qur'an 16:78); "and We brought forth thereby pairs of diverse plants" (Qur'an 20:53); and He Most High said: "He brings forth thereby crops of diverse colors" (Qur'an 39:21). At-takhrīj (التخريج) is mostly used with reference to sciences and crafts. And what comes out from the earth, or from an animal's den, and the like, is called kharj and kharāj (خرج وخراج). God Most High said: "Or do you ask them for a payment? But the reward of your Lord is better" (Qur'an 23:72) — its attribution to God Most High indicates that He is the One who imposed and required it. Al-kharj (الخرج) is more general than al-kharāj (الخراج), and al-kharj is set as the counterpart of ad-dakhl (الدخل, income). And He Most High said: "Then shall we grant you a payment?" (Qur'an 18:94). Al-kharāj (الخراج) is mostly specifically applied to the tax levied on land; and it is said: the slave pays his kharj (خرجه), i.e., his earnings, while the subjects pay al-kharāj (الخراج) to the ruler. Al-kharj (الخرج) is also used of clouds, whose plural is khurūj (خروج). And it is said: 'al-kharāju bi-ḍ-ḍamāni' (الخراج بالضمان) — meaning: what comes out [in profit] from the property of the seller corresponds to the liability that was thereby removed from him regarding the sold item. And al-khārijī (الخارجي): one who distinguishes himself, by his own essence, from the condition of his peers — sometimes said as praise, when he rises to a rank above his own, and sometimes as blame, when he sinks to a rank below his own. On this basis it is [sometimes] said 'so-and-so is not [really] a human being,' sometimes as praise, as the poet said: [entry continues]

Al-khurūj (الخروج): the opposite of entering (dukhūl). Kharaja yakhruju khurūjan wa-makhrajan (خرج يخرج خروجا ومخرجا), so he is khārij (خارج), khurūj (خروج), and khurāj (خراج) [intensive forms]; and one says akhrajahu (أخرجه) and kharaja bihi (خرج به). Al-Jawharī: al-makhraj (المخرج) may sometimes be the place of exit; one says 'kharaja makhrajan ḥasanan' (خرج مخرجا حسنا) and 'hādhā makhrajuhu' (هذا مخرجه). As for al-makhraj, it may be the verbal noun of 'akhrajahu' (أخرجه), or the object, or the noun of place and time; you say 'akhrajanī makhraja ṣidqin' (أخرجني مخرج صدق) and 'hādhā makhrajuhu' (هذا مخرجه), because when the verb exceeds three letters the mīm takes ḍamma, as with daḥraja (دحرج), 'hādhā mudaḥrajunā' (هذا مدحرجنا) — so makhraj was treated analogously to quadriliteral verbs. And al-istikhrāj (الاستخراج): like al-istinbāṭ (الاستنباط). In the ḥadīth of Badr: 'fa-khtaraja tamarātin min qirbatin' (فاخترج تمرات من قربة) — i.e., he took them out (akhrajahā); it is the iftaʿala form from it. And al-mukhārajah (المخارجة): mutual contesting with the fingers [a hand-game]. And at-takhāruj (التخارج): mutual outbidding/reciprocal contribution. As for the saying of al-Ḥusayn ibn Muṭayyir: "I do not forget — I shall not forget from you a glance that captivated [me], on a festival day; and the festival day is one gone forth into" — he means 'makhrūjun fīhi' (مخروج فيه), having elided [the preposition], just as he said in the same poem: 'wa-l-ʿaynu hājiʿatun wa-r-rūḥu maʿrūju' (والعين هاجعة والروح معروج), meaning 'maʿrūjun bihi' (معروج به). And His saying, Mighty and Majestic: "That is the Day of Emergence" (Qur'an 50:42) — i.e., the day people emerge from the graves. Abū ʿUbayda said: 'yawm al-khurūj' (يوم الخروج) is one of the names of the Day of Resurrection, citing as evidence the words of al-ʿAjjāj: "Is not the day named 'the Emergence' the greatest day of shaking, a violent shaking?" Abū Isḥāq, on His saying 'yawm al-khurūj': the day they will be resurrected and thus emerge from the earth — similarly His saying: "with humbled eyes, they emerge from the graves" (Qur'an 54:7). And in the ḥadīth of Suwayd ibn ʿAflah: ʿAlī, may God be pleased with him, entered upon me on 'yawm al-khurūj' (the Day of Khurūj), and before him was a tray bearing bread of coarse wheat (khubz al-samrāʾ) and a bowl of khaṭīfa. 'Yawm al-khurūj': he means the day of the Festival ('Eid); it is also called 'yawm al-zīna' (the Day of Adornment) and 'yawm al-mashriq.' And 'khubz al-samrāʾ' is al-khushkār (coarse unsifted bread), just as fine white bread was called al-ḥuwwārā for its whiteness. And ikhtarajahu (اخترجه) and istakhrajahu (استخرجه): he requested of him, or from him, that he go out. And nāqatun mukhtarajatun (ناقة مخترجة): came out formed like a Bactrian camel (al-bukhtī). In the ḥadīth narrating the account of the she-camel which God, Mighty and Majestic, sent as a sign to the people of Ṣāliḥ, peace be upon him — that is, Thamūd — it was said she was 'mukhtarajah' (مخترجة); meaning she was shaped like a camel but larger and more massive than one. And 'istakhrajati l-arḍu' (استخرجت الأرض): the land was made suitable for cultivation or planting — this is from Abū Ḥanīfa. And 'khārij kulli shayʾin' (خارج كل شيء): its exterior. Sībawayh said: it is not used as an adverbial (ẓarf) except with a preposition, because it is specific [in reference], like 'the hand' or 'the foot.' As for the saying of al-Farazdaq: "By an oath, I shall never revile a Muslim, nor shall false speech ever issue from my mouth" — he means 'wa-lā yakhruju khurūjan' (ولا يخرج خروجا), putting the descriptive participle in place of the verbal noun, construing it by analogy with 'ʿāhadtu' (عاهدت, I made a covenant). And al-khurūj (الخروج): the going-forth of a man of letters, a driver, and the like — he yukhriju fa-yakhruju (يخرج فيخرج). And kharaja... [entry continues]