قطعPer Ibn Fāris: to sever, cut a thing off — a single, solid sense of physical or … (root qt)

"I cut it (qaṭaʿtuhu قطعته)" with qaṭʿ (قطعا) and maqṭaʿ (مقطعا), so it became cut (inqaṭaʿa انقطع). "I crossed the river (qaṭaʿtu an-nahr قطعت النهر)" with quṭūʿ (قطوعا). Birds 'migrate' (taqṭaʿu تقطع) in their flight with quṭūʿ, and they are qawāṭiʿ (قواطع), i.e. going and returning [migratory]. "Quṭiʿa bi-fulān (قطع بفلان)": his hope was cut off. A man is "munqaṭaʿ bihi (منقطع به)" meaning his journey was cut short before reaching his destination (ṭiyya). It is also said "qaṭaʿahu (قطعه)" [in this sense]. The "munqaṭaʿ (منقطع)" of anything is where its extent ends. Al-qiṭʿa (القطعة): a portion of anything; plural al-qiṭaʿāt, al-qiṭaʿ, al-aqṭāʿ. Al-qaṭʿa (القطعة) [with fatḥa]: a single act of cutting. Some said al-qaṭʿa is synonymous with al-qiṭʿa. A Bedouin said: 'So-and-so overpowered me regarding a qiṭʿa (قطعة) of my land.' Al-aqṭaʿ (الأقطع): one whose hand is cut off; plural quṭʿān (قطعان) — analogy would require 'quṭʿ' since the plural of 'afʿal' is 'fuʿl' except rarely, but they say 'quṭiʿa ar-rajul (قطع الرجل)' because it was done to him. It is said: 'he was not qaṭīʿ al-lisān (قطيع اللسان)' [sharp-tongued], and 'he became qaṭuʿa (قطع)' with qaṭāʿa (قطاعة): when his fluency left him. The ruler granted a qaṭīʿa (قطيعة), i.e. a portion of tax-land, and the recipient 'requested it as a grant' (istaqṭaʿahu استقطعه). 'He granted me a river' and the like; 'aqṭaʿtu fulānan (أقطعت فلانا)': I helped him cross a river or similar. 'Aqṭaʿanī quḍbānan (أقطعني قضبانا)': he permitted me to cut branches. The rod from which arrows are fashioned is called al-qaṭʿ (القطع), plural quṭʿān and aqṭuʿ (أقطع). Abū Dhuʾayb said: "And an amulet from a gripping, girded [warrior], in his hand a harsh-toned [bow] and arrows (aqṭaʿ)." By 'al-jashaʾ al-ajashsh' he means the bow, and 'al-aqṭaʿ' means the arrows. The swift/generous horse 'cuts through' (yuqaṭṭiʿu يقطع) the other horses with taqṭīʿ (تقطيع) when it leaves them behind and goes on. Abū al-Khashnāʾ said: "He cuts through them with his trot, and resorts to a blazing gallop." The swift hare is called 'muqaṭṭaʿat an-niyāṭ (مقطعة النياط)' as if she cuts a vein in her belly from running; and whoever says an-niyāṭ means the distance beyond the desert, she 'cuts it' i.e. traverses it. She is also called 'muqaṭṭaʿat al-asḥār (مقطعة الأسحار)' and 'muqaṭṭaʿat as-suḥūr (مقطعة السحور)', plural of saḥr (سحر), the lung. At-taqṭīʿ (التقطيع): a griping pain in the intestines. ʿIrām said: it is simply colic (maghṣ مغص). Al-maghṣ: pain and twisting in the intestines; when the accompanying pain is severe it is called at-taqṭīʿ. The horses came 'muqaṭwiṭiʿāt (مقطوطعات)': swiftly, one behind another. So-and-so is 'munqaṭiʿ al-qarīn (منقطع القرين)' in generosity when he has no equal; likewise 'munqaṭiʿ al-ʿiqāl (منقطع العقال)' in evil, meaning he has no restraint. Ash-Shammākh said: "I saw ʿArāba al-Awsī rising toward good deeds, unmatched (munqaṭiʿ al-qarīn)." Al-munqaṭaʿ (المنقطع): the thing itself. 'The thing inqaṭaʿa (انقطع)': its time passed — hence their saying 'the cold/heat has ended' (inqaṭaʿa al-bard wa-l-ḥarr). [entry continues]

'I cut the thing (qaṭaʿtu ash-shayʾ قطعت الشئ)' with qaṭʿ (قطعا). 'I crossed the river (qaṭaʿtu an-nahr)' with quṭūʿ (قطوعا): I traversed it. 'The well-water qaṭaʿa (قطع)' with quṭūʿ and qiṭāʿ (قطوعا وقطاعا): it was cut off and gone. 'The birds qaṭaʿat (قطعت)' with quṭūʿ and qiṭāʿ: they left the cold lands for the hot lands, so they are qawāṭiʿ (قواطع), either going or returning. 'He cut off his kin (qaṭaʿa raḥimahu)' with qaṭīʿa (قطيعة), so he is called 'quṭuʿ (قطع)' and 'quṭaʿa (قطعة)', on the pattern of 'humaza'. It is said: 'raḥimun qaṭʿāʾ baynī wa-baynak (رحم قطعاء بيني وبينك)' [a severed kinship between us], when it is not maintained. Regarding His saying (Q22:15) 'thumma liyaqṭaʿ (ثم ليقطع)', they said: let him strangle himself, because one who strangles himself extends the rope to the ceiling, then cuts himself off from the ground until strangled. From this: 'quṭiʿa ar-rajul (قطع الرجل)'. 'I cut the thing, so it inqaṭaʿa (انقطع)'. So-and-so is 'munqaṭiʿ al-qarīn (منقطع القرين)' in generosity or otherwise [unmatched]. 'Munqaṭaʿ ar-raml (منقطع الرمل)': where the sand ends with none beyond. 'Maqāṭiʿ al-awdiya (مقاطع الأودية)': their lower/far ends. 'Maqāṭiʿ al-anhār (مقاطع الأنهار)': where they are crossed. Al-uqṭūʿa (الأقطوعة): a token a woman sends to another as a sign of severance and estrangement. 'Milk that is qāṭiʿ (قاطع)': sour. Al-aqṭaʿ (الأقطع): one whose hand is cut off; plural quṭʿān (قطعان) like aswad/sūdān. Al-qaṭʿa (القطعة), with fatḥa: the place of cutting — 'ḍarabahu bi-qaṭʿatihi (ضربه بقطعته)' [struck him on his scar]. Likewise al-quṭʿa (القطعة) with ḍamma, like aṣ-ṣulʿa. Aṣ-ṣulʿa and al-quṭʿa also mean: a demarcated piece of land. A Bedouin is related to have said: 'I inherited from my father a quṭʿa (قطعة).' It is also said: 'the people were struck by qaṭʿ (قطع) and qiṭʿa (قطعة)' when their well's water ran out in high summer. 'He was struck by qaṭʿ (قطع)', meaning bahr (بهر) [breathlessness] from fatness or otherwise. Al-quṭayʿāʾ (القطيعاء), like al-ghubayrāʾ: a type of dates, namely ash-shahrīz. Al-qiṭʿ (القطع), with kasra: the darkness at the end of the night — from this is His saying (Q11:81): 'fa-asri bi-ahlika bi-qiṭʿin min al-layl (فأسر بأهلك بقطع من الليل)' ["So set out with your family during a portion of the night"]. Al-Akhfash said: [meaning] a portion of the night's darkness. The poet said: "Open the door and look at the stars, how much of a pitch-dark portion of night (qiṭʿ layl bahīm) remains upon us?" Al-qiṭʿ also means: a saddle-rug the rider places beneath him, covering the camel's shoulders. [The poet] said: "The she-camels came to you, panting through their nose-rings, the saddle-rugs (al-quṭūʿ) uncovering their shoulders." Al-qiṭʿ also means: a short, broad arrowhead; plural aqṭuʿ (أقطع) and aqṭāʿ (أقطاع), as in Abū Dhuʾayb's line: 'in his hand a harsh-toned [bow] and arrowheads (aqṭaʿ).' Al-qiṭʿa of a thing: a portion of it. It is said: 'Fasting is a cutter-off (maqṭaʿa) of [desire for] marriage.' Al-miqṭaʿ (المقطع), with kasra: that with which a thing is cut. Al-muqaṭṭaʿāt (المقطعات) of garments: things resembling cloaks and the like, of silk or other material. Abū ʿAmr said: muqaṭṭaʿāt of garments and the... [entry continues]

Al-qaṭʿ (القطع): the separation of a thing, whether perceived by sight, like [physical] bodies, or perceived by insight, like intelligible things. Among this is the cutting of limbs, as in His saying: "I will surely cut off your hands and your feet on opposite sides" (Q7:124), and His saying: "As for the male thief and the female thief, cut off their hands" (Q5:38), and His saying: "and given water, boiling, which cuts through their intestines" (Q47:15). And the cutting of a garment, as in His saying: "As for those who disbelieve, garments of fire will be cut out for them" (Q22:19). 'Cutting the road' (qaṭʿ aṭ-ṭarīq قطع الطريق) is said in two senses: one meaning traveling and journeying along it, and the second meaning robbing passersby and travelers, as in His saying: "Indeed, you approach men and cut off the road" (Q29:29) — an allusion to His saying: "those who avert [people] from the way of Allah" (Q7:45), and "and averted them from the way" (Q27:24). It is called 'cutting the road' because it leads to people being cut off from the road, so that was termed a cutting of the road. 'Cutting the water by swimming': crossing it. 'Cutting a bond' (qaṭʿ al-waṣl): estrangement. 'Cutting the ties of kinship' (qaṭʿ ar-raḥim) occurs through estrangement and withholding of kindness. He said: "and sever your ties of kinship" (Q47:22), and: "and sever that which Allah has ordered to be joined" (Q2:27); "then let him cut it off, then let him see" (Q22:15) — it has been said: let him cut his rope so that he falls; and it has been said: let him cut off his life-term by strangulation, which is the meaning of Ibn ʿAbbās's statement: 'then let him strangle himself.' 'Deciding a matter' (qaṭʿ al-amr): settling it — from this His saying: "I would not decide a matter" (Q27:32), and His saying: "that He might cut off a section" (Q3:127), meaning: destroy a group of them. 'Cutting off the dābir (root) of a person': annihilating his kind. He said: "So the roots of the wrongdoing people were cut off" (Q6:45), and "and that the root of these [people] is to be cut off in the morning" (Q15:66); and His saying: "unless their hearts be cut" (Q9:110) means: unless they die — or it is said: unless they repent with a repentance by which their hearts are cut through with regret over their negligence. 'A qiṭʿ of the night': a portion of it. He said: "So set out with your family during a portion of the night" (Q11:81). Al-qaṭīʿ (القطيع) of sheep, plural quṭʿān (قطعان), is like aṣ-ṣirma and al-firqa, and other names for a group derived from the meaning of cutting. Al-qaṭīʿ [also]: a whip. 'Their well was struck by qaṭʿ': its water was cut off. 'Maqāṭiʿ al-awdiya': their far ends.

Al-qaṭʿ (القطع): the separation of some parts of a body from others by division. 'He cut it (qaṭaʿahu yaqṭaʿuhu قطعه يقطعه)' with qaṭʿ, qaṭīʿa, and quṭūʿ: "She did not cease, until her hobble-rope was clearly seen cut through (quṭūʿan), from a tightly-twisted rope of palm-fiber." Al-qaṭʿ is also the verbal noun: 'I cut the rope' with qaṭʿ, so it inqaṭaʿa (انقطع). Al-miqṭaʿ (المقطع), with kasra: that with which a thing is cut. 'He cut it (qaṭaʿahu)' and 'cut it off for himself (iqtaṭaʿahu اقتطعه)', so it inqaṭaʿa (انقطع) and taqaṭṭaʿa (تقطع) — doubled for intensity/plurality. 'They divided up their affair among themselves into fragments (zuburan)' [Q23:53] means they split it up. Al-Azharī said: as for 'wa-taqaṭṭaʿū amrahum baynahum zuburan', it functions like saying 'they divided their affair.' Labīd said, intransitively: 'and its bonds and cords became severed (taqaṭṭaʿat)', meaning the ropes of its affection were cut. It is also possible the meaning is 'they became divided in their affair', with 'amrahum' in the accusative by ellipsis of 'fī' before it. Al-Azharī said: this is, in my view, the more correct opinion. His saying 'and they cut their hands' (Q12:31) means they cut them repeatedly, cut after cut, and scratched them much, hence the doubled [intensive] form. His saying 'and We divided them in the earth into nations' (Q7:168) means We scattered them into groups. And 'and the bonds between them will be cut off' (Q2:166) means their bonds and connections were severed. Abū Dhuʾayb's line: "As if the daughter of as-Sahmī were a pearl [brought up by] a diver, who, after the cessation (taqṭīʿ) of the crowd's noise, feels a stirring..." He means: after the cessation of an-nabūḥ (النبوح), the crowds/their clamor — he means after the quiet and stillness of night. He said: I think the origin of the word is al-qaṭʿ, meaning a portion of the night. 'A thing that is qaṭīʿ (قطيع)': cut off. The Arabs say: 'Beware of al-quṭayʿāʾ (القطيعاء)', meaning: beware of becoming cut off from one another in war [dispersed/routed]. Al-quṭʿa (القطعة) and al-quṭāʿa (القطاعة): what is cut/separated of bran from fine flour. Al-quṭāʿa, with ḍamma: what falls off from the cutting. 'Cutting the bran from the fine flour': separating it — on the authority of al-Liḥyānī. 'The thing taqāṭaʿa (تقاطع)': part of it became separate from another. 'He granted it to him (aqṭaʿahu iyyāhu)': he permitted him to cut it. 'Qiṭaʿāt of trees (قطعات الشجر)': the shoots that emerge from them when cut, singular qiṭʿa. 'I granted him branches from the vine (aqṭaʿtuhu quḍbānan min al-karm)': I permitted him to cut them. Al-qaṭīʿ (القطيع): the branch you cut from a tree; plural aqṭiʿa (أقطعة), quṭuʿ (قطع), qiṭaʿāt (قطعات), and aqāṭīʿ (أقاطيع), like ḥadīth/aḥādīth. Al-qiṭʿ of trees: like al-qaṭīʿ, plural aqṭāʿ (أقطاع). Abū Dhuʾayb said: "Effaced is [everything] except the drainage-trench of the abode, barely discernible, and cut palm-branches (aqṭāʿ ṭafī) worn away in the enclosures." Al-qiṭʿ also [means]: the arrow made from al-qaṭīʿ and al-qiṭʿ — both terms for what is cut from a tree; it is said to be the broad arrow; it is said al-qiṭʿ is the short, broad arrowhead; it is said al-qiṭʿ is [simply] the short arrowhead. Plural: aqṭuʿ, aqṭāʿ, quṭūʿ, qiṭāʿ, and maqāṭīʿ — this last coming irregularly, as if it were the plural of an unattested singular 'miqṭāʿ', just as they said 'malāmiḥ' and 'mashābih' without... [entry continues]