وقعthe falling of something (root wq)

Al-waqʿ (الوقع): the sound-impact of striking something. Waqʿ al-maṭar (وقع المطر), and waqʿ ḥawāfir al-dābbah (وقع حوافر الدابة): what is heard of its striking [the ground]. Birds settled on ground or a tree are called waqūʿ (وقوع) and wuqūʿ (وقع). Al-Rāʿī said: 'As if upon their humps, when they raised / their tails, were domes of birds alighted (waqʿan).' The singular is wāqiʿ (واقع). Al-nasr al-wāqiʿ (النسر الواقع, 'the Falling Eagle,' i.e. the star Vega) is so named as if it has folded its wings behind it; it is one of the landmark stars by which one is guided, near Banāt Naʿsh, opposite al-Nasr al-Ṭāʾir (النسر الطائر, 'the Flying Eagle,' Altair). Al-mīqaʿah (الميقعة): the place upon which a bird alights. One says: waqaʿati al-dawābb wa-l-ibil (وقعت الدواب والإبل), meaning they crouched down, likened to birds alighting. [A poet] said: 'They crouched (waqaʿna) like birds crouching (wuqūʿ al-ṭayr) among them, and there was nothing about them but a droning sound they kept repeating in complaint.' Al-dahr (fate/time) has 'fallen upon' (waqaʿa) people. Al-wāqiʿah (الواقعة): a severe calamity among the vicissitudes of fate. Fulānun waqʿah fī al-nās (فلان وقعة في الناس), and waqāʿ fīhim (وقاع فيهم) [i.e. he slanders/backbites them]. Waqaʿa al-shayʾ yaqaʿu wuqūʿan (وقع الشيء يقع وقوعا): i.e. it fell (hawiyyan). Wāqaʿnā al-ʿaduww (واقعنا العدو): we clashed with the enemy in battle; the verbal noun is al-waqīʿah (الوقيعة). Al-waqāʿ (الوقاع): mutual engagement in war. Waqaʿa fulānun fī fulānin (وقع فلان في فلان): he has openly slandered/defamed him [i.e. found fault with him]. Al-waqīʿ (الوقيع): among the water-collecting hollows in the surface of rocks. Waqāʾiʿ al-ʿArab (وقائع العرب): their [battle-]days, in which their wars took place. Al-tawqīʿ (التوقيع) in a letter/document: appending something to it. Tawaqqaʿtu al-amr (توقعت الأمر): I awaited the matter. Al-tawqīʿ (التوقيع): a close throw, not distant, as though you intend to make it land (tūqiʿahu) on something; likewise tawqīʿ al-izkān (توقيع الإزكان — conjecture/surmise); one says waqqiʿ (وقع), meaning 'cast your surmise upon such-and-such.' Al-tawqīʿ (التوقيع): abrasion on the extremities of an animal's bones from riding, sometimes causing the hair to fall out there. Al-Kumayt said: 'When the two of them ride pillion, their riding-camel presses on / toward that whose hindquarters bear the galling (al-tawqīʿ) and the slackening (al-khazl).'

Al-waqʿah (الوقعة): the clash/shock of battle; al-wāqiʿah (الواقعة) is the same. Al-wāqiʿah (الواقعة): the Resurrection. Mawāqiʿ al-ghayth (مواقع الغيث): the places where rain falls. One says: waqaʿa al-shayʾu mawqiʿahu (وقع الشيء موقعه, the thing fell/landed exactly where it should). Mawqiʿat al-ṭāʾir (موقعة الطائر), with fatḥah on the qāf: the place on which it alights. Mīqaʿat al-bāzī (ميقعة البازي): the place the falcon frequents and alights upon. Al-mīqaʿah (الميقعة) also: the piece of wood the washerman/fuller beats [cloth] upon. Al-mīqaʿah also: the hammer/mallet. Ibn Ḥillizah said: 'I raised to a hardened [she-camel] / that crushes the pebbles with the blows (mawāqiʿ) of hoofs...' The poet's saying: 'I came upon him with a shining white [sword], / as if upon its striking-places (mawāqiʿihi) there were dust' — he means the places struck by the mīqaʿah (mallet). One also says al-mīqaʿah is a long whetstone. Al-waqʿ (الوقع), with sukūn: an elevated place on a mountain, from Abū ʿAmr. Al-waqʿ (الوقع), with fatḥah [i.e. ḥarakah]: stones, singular waqʿah (وقعة). Al-waqʿ also: footsoreness. One says waqiʿa al-rajulu yawqaʿu (وقع الرجل يوقع): when a man's soles ache from the roughness of the ground and stones. From this the poet's saying: 'Every shoe is worn by the barefoot, footsore one (al-ḥāfī al-waqiʿ).' Al-waqʿ also: thin/light cloud. Al-ḥāfir al-waqīʿ (الحافر الوقيع): a hoof struck by stones and thereby thinned/worn. Al-waqīʿ (الوقيع) of swords: what has been whetted on a stone. Sikkīn waqīʿ (سكين وقيع): sharp, struck (waqaʿa) by the mīqaʿah. One says: qiʿ ḥadīdaka (قع حديدك, 'sharpen your blade'). Al-Shammākh said: '...their molars like the sharpened (al-waqīʿ) vulture's [talons/beak]...' Al-waqāʾiʿ (الوقائع): water-collecting hollows (al-manāqiʿ). Al-waqīʿah fī al-nās (الوقيعة في الناس): backbiting. Al-waqīʿah (الوقيعة): combat; plural al-waqāʾiʿ (الوقائع). Abū Ṣāʿid said: al-waqīʿah is a hollow in the surface of a rock, in level ground or on a mountain, in which water collects; it may be small or grow large until it exceeds the bounds of a waqīʿah and becomes a waqīṭ. Ibn Aḥmar said: 'Driving the camels over the barren ground, their eyes / like the hollows (al-waqāʾiʿ) amid their worn edges (al-samal).' One says: kawaytuhu waqāʿ (كويته وقاعا), like qaṭāmi [an indeclinable proper noun pattern]. Abū ʿUbayd said: it is the circular brand on the two haunches, or wherever it may be — it is never anything but a circular mark, meaning it has no fixed location. And [a poet] said: 'And whenever I was afflicted with a bad adversary, / I came upon him and branded him with a circle (waqāʿ).' Waqaʿtu bi-l-qawm fī al-qitāl (وقعت بالقوم في القتال) and awqaʿtu bihim (أوقعت بهم) mean the same [I attacked them]. One also says: awqaʿa fulānun bi-fulānin mā yasūʾuhu (أوقع فلان بفلان ما يسوءه, so-and-so inflicted upon so-and-so what would harm him), and awqaʿūhum fī al-qitāl mawāqaʿatan wa-waqāʿan (أوقعوهم في القتال مواقعة ووقاعا, they engaged them in fighting). Waqaʿtu min kadhā wa-ʿan kadhā waqʿan (وقعت من كذا وعن كذا وقعا). Waqaʿa al-shayʾu wuqūʿan (وقع الشيء وقوعا): it fell, and awqaʿahu ghayruhu (أوقعه غيره): another made it fall. The people of Kūfah call the transitive verb wāqiʿ (واقع). One says: waqaʿa rabīʿun bi-l-arḍ (وقع ربيع بالأرض, the spring rain fell upon the land), and one does not say saqaṭa. Waqaʿat al-sikkīn (وقعت السكين) [entry continues]

Wāw, Qāf, and ʿAyn is a single root from which its branches derive, indicating the falling of something. One says: waqaʿa (وقع) the thing waqʿ (وقوع), so it is wāqiʿ (واقع). Al-wāqiʿah (الواقعة) is the Resurrection, because it 'falls upon' (yaqaʿu) creation and overwhelms them. Al-waqʿah (الوقعة) is the clash/shock of battle. Al-waqāʾiʿ (الوقائع) are scattered water-collecting hollows, as if the water 'fell' into them. Mawāqiʿ al-ghayth (مواقع الغيث) are the places where rain falls. Al-nasr al-wāqiʿ (النسر الواقع - 'the falling/swooping eagle,' a star), from waqaʿa al-ṭāʾir (the bird alighted), meaning it has folded its wings as if it has landed on the ground. Mawqiʿat al-ṭāʾir (موقعة الطائر) is the place where it alights. Kawaytu al-baʿīr waqāʿ (كويت البعير وقاعا) is a single circular brand with which part of a camel's hide is branded, wherever it may be, as if it had 'fallen' upon it. One says waqaʿa fulānun fī fulānin (وقع فلان في فلان, so-and-so slandered so-and-so) and awqaʿa bihi (أوقع به, he struck/attacked him). As for waqaʿtu al-ḥadīdata aqaʿuhā waqʿan (وقعت الحديدة أقعها وقعا) meaning 'I sharpened it,' this fits the analogy, because you strike it (tūqiʿuhā) against a stone or the like to draw it out, so it is of the type 'to do a thing' and 'to make it do the thing.' Ḥadīdah waqīʿ (حديدة وقيع) = a sharpened piece of iron. Waqaʿa al-ghayth (وقع الغيث): the rain fell scattered. From this is al-tawqīʿ (التوقيع), the mark of saddle-galling that appears on a camel; and also al-tawqīʿ, what is appended to a letter/document after its completion. Tawaqqaʿtu al-shayʾ (توقعت الشيء): I awaited the thing, [wondering] when it would occur. Al-ḥāfir al-waqīʿ (الحافر الوقيع): a hoof whetted/worn by stone (its rationale has already been explained). Al-waqiʿ (الوقع): footsore. Al-waqiʿ (الوقع) [also]: footsore — it is from this, as if it were a stone that has 'fallen' upon a mīqaʿah (whetting-stone/mallet) and thus become worn. Al-waqʿ (الوقع): light/thin clouds, as if they 'fall' with their rain. As for what Abū ʿAmr related, that al-waqʿ (الوقع) is an elevated place on a mountain, it seems to have been so named because whoever climbs it fears falling (yaqaʿu) from it.

Al-wuqūʿ (الوقوع): the establishment and falling of a thing. One says: waqaʿa al-ṭāʾir wuqūʿan (وقع الطائر وقوعا, the bird alighted). Al-wāqiʿah (الواقعة) is said only in reference to hardship and calamity, and most of what occurs in the Qurʾān of the word waqaʿa comes in connection with punishment and hardships, such as: 'When the Event (al-wāqiʿah) occurs, there is no denial of its occurrence' [al-Wāqiʿah 56:1-2]; and: 'A questioner asked concerning a punishment bound to happen (wāqiʿ)' [al-Maʿārij 70:1]; and: 'Then on that Day the Event (al-wāqiʿah) will occur' [al-Ḥāqqah 69:15]. Wuqūʿ al-qawl (وقوع القول, the 'occurring' of the word/decree) means the coming to pass of what it entails. He, exalted, said: 'And the word will befall (waqaʿa) them for the wrong they did' [al-Naml 27:85], i.e. the punishment they were promised for their wrongdoing became due; He, mighty and majestic, said: 'And when the word befalls (waqaʿa) them, We will bring forth for them a creature from the earth' [al-Naml 27:82], i.e. when the signs of the Resurrection appear, which the promised word precedes. He, exalted, said: 'There has already fallen (waqaʿa) upon you from your Lord filth and wrath' [al-Aʿrāf 7:71]; and: 'Now [you believe] and yet you disbelieved it before and you were of the corrupters! Then is it now, when it has occurred (waqaʿa), that you believe in it?' [Yūnus 10:51]; and: 'His reward has already become due (waqaʿa) upon God' [al-Nisāʾ 4:100]. The use of the term wuqūʿ here is emphasis of obligatory necessity, like the use in His saying: 'It was an obligation (ḥaqqan) upon Us to help the believers' [al-Rūm 30:47], and likewise 'It is an obligation upon Us that We save the believers' [Yūnus 10:103]. And His saying, mighty and majestic: 'So fall down (faqaʿū) before him in prostration' [al-Ḥijr 15:29] is an expression of their hastening to prostrate. Waqaʿa al-maṭar (وقع المطر): i.e. it fell; mawāqiʿ al-ghayth (مواقع الغيث): the places where rain falls. Al-mawāqaʿah fī al-ḥarb (المواقعة في الحرب, engagement in war); al-mawāqaʿah is used figuratively for sexual intercourse. Al-īqāʿ (الإيقاع) is used for 'causing to fall/drop,' and for waging war through the waqʿah (battle). Waqʿ al-ḥadīd (وقع الحديد): its sound; one says waqaʿtu al-ḥadīdata aqaʿuhā waqʿan (وقعت الحديدة أقعها وقعا) when you sharpen it with the mīqaʿah. Any violent falling is expressed with this term, and from it is figuratively derived al-waqīʿah fī al-insān (الوقيعة في الإنسان, slandering a person). Al-ḥāfir al-waqiʿ (الحافر الوقع): a hoof leaving a strong impression/mark. The place where water settles is called al-waqīʿah (الوقيعة), plural al-waqāʾiʿ (الوقائع); the place where a bird settles is called mawqiʿ (موقع). Al-tawqīʿ (التوقيع): the mark of saddle-sores on a camel's back, and the mark of writing in a document; from this is figuratively derived al-tawqīʿ in [official] petitions/decrees.

Waqaʿa ʿalā al-shayʾi minhu yaqaʿu waqʿan wa-wuqūʿan (وقع على الشيء منه يقع وقعا ووقوعا): it fell. Waqaʿa al-shayʾu min yadī (وقع الشيء من يدي): likewise [it fell from my hand], and awqaʿahu ghayruhu (أوقعه غيره): another made it fall. Waqaʿtu min kadhā wa-ʿan kadhā waqʿan (وقعت من كذا وعن كذا وقعا). Waqaʿa al-maṭaru bi-l-arḍ (وقع المطر بالأرض): the rain fell on the ground — one does not say saqaṭa; this is the view of the philologists, and Sībawayh related it, saying: saqaṭa al-maṭaru makāna kadhā fa-makāna kadhā (the rain fell in such-and-such a place, then such-and-such a place) [i.e. saqaṭa can be used differently]. Mawāqiʿ al-ghayth (مواقع الغيث): the places where rain falls. One says: waqaʿa al-shayʾu mawqiʿahu (وقع الشيء موقعه). The Arabs say: waqaʿa rabīʿun bi-l-arḍ yaqaʿu wuqūʿan (وقع ربيع بالأرض يقع وقوعا) for the first rain that falls in autumn. Al-Jawharī said: one does not say saqaṭa. One says: samiʿtu waqʿa al-maṭar (سمعت وقع المطر), which is the intensity of its striking the ground when it pours heavily. One also says: samiʿtu li-ḥawāfir al-dawābb waqʿan wa-wuqūʿan (سمعت لحوافر الدواب وقعا ووقوعا, I heard the striking-sound of the animals' hoofs). Regarding the saying of Aʿshā Bāhilah: 'And the frost's striking (mawqūʿ al-ṣaqīʿ) compelled the dog to take refuge in it, / and [the cold] of its shivering compelled the tribe [to seek] the shelter of stone' — here it [mawqūʿ] is simply a verbal noun like al-majlūd and al-maʿqūl. Al-mawqiʿ and al-mawqiʿah (الموقع والموقعة): the place of falling — al-Liḥyānī related the latter form. Waqāʿat al-sitr (وقاعة الستر), with kasrah: its resting-place when let down. In the ḥadīth of Umm Salamah, she said to ʿĀʾishah, God be pleased with them both: 'Make your house your fortress, and the resting-place of the curtain's hem (waqāʿat al-sitr) your grave.' Al-Harawī related this in al-Gharībayn, and Ibn al-Athīr said: al-waqāʿah, with kasrah, is the place where the edge of a curtain falls upon the ground when let down; it is [also called] mawqiʿ and mawqiʿah; it is also transmitted with fatḥah on the wāw, meaning the 'courtyard/area' of the curtain. Al-mīqaʿah (الميقعة): an illness that afflicts a young camel like measles, causing it to fall down (yaqaʿu) and be barely able to stand. Waqʿ al-sayf, waqʿatuhu, wuqūʿuhu (وقع السيف ووقعته ووقوعه): its descent and coming down upon the target, the verb being formed accordingly; waqaʿa bihi (وقع به) — as [in the example] mākir (ماكر) — yaqaʿu wuqūʿan wa-waqīʿatan (يقع وقوعا ووقيعة): it descended/befell. In the proverb: 'Dread is worse than the actual befalling (al-waqīʿah)' — said of a man for whom a matter looms large in his mind, but when it actually occurs (waqaʿa) it proves lighter than he thought. Awqaʿa ẓannahu ʿalā al-shayʾ, and waqqaʿahu (أوقع ظنه على الشيء ووقعه): both mean he estimated and settled it upon [that thing]. Waqaʿa bi-l-amr (وقع بالأمر): he brought it about and caused it to occur. Waqaʿa al-qawlu wa-l-ḥukmu (وقع القول والحكم): when it became obligatory/due. Concerning His saying, exalted: 'And when the word befalls (waqaʿa) them, We will bring forth for them a creature' — al-Zajjāj said: its meaning, God knows best, is 'when the word becomes due (wajaba) against them, We will bring forth for them a creature from the earth.' Awqaʿa bihi mā yasūʾuhu (أوقع به ما يسوءه): likewise [he brought upon him what would harm him]. He, mighty and majestic, said: 'And when the plague (al-rijz) befell (waqaʿa) them' — meaning it struck them and descended upon them. Waqaʿa minhu al-amru mawqiʿan ḥasanan aw sayyiʾan (وقع منه الأمر موقعا حسنا أو سيئا): it was established/registered with him [favorably or unfavorably] as such. As for what is reported in the ḥadīth: 'Fear the Fire, even by [giving] half a date, for it falls from (or: has its full effect upon) the hungry man in its proper place (mawqiʿahā) as it would upon the well-fed man' — the meaning is that the half-date's effect upon a hungry man is not obviously great when he receives it, just as it would not be apparent in the case of a well-fed man's satiety when he eats it; so do not refrain from giving charity with it, or it is said: because this one is asked for half a date, and that one for half a date, and a third and a fourth, so that enough is gathered for him to satisfy his hunger. Awqaʿa bihi (أوقع به) [entry continues]